scholarly journals Should Trade Remedies be Eliminated from WTO: A Response to Tania Voon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh K. Mishra ◽  
Abhishek Negi
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
Trade Remedies

This work is a reflection of a critical viewpoint on the academic work of Tania Voon. She argues on the elimination of trade remedies from the multilateral trading system of the World Trade Organization on the basis of various considerations, including on the basis of some lessons from Regional Trade Agreements. The article makes no attempt to strike a balance between consumer and domestic industry interests. Additionally, it must be recognized that eliminating a structural protection mechanism is not always the best course of action because, in a global market such as that of trade, there are numerous players with disparate interests. If trade remedies are eliminated, a void will exist in which there will be nothing to regulate short-term issues, which will also affect the WTO's long-term objectives.

The Long and Winding Road – Path Towards Facilitation of Development in the WTO: Reflections on the Doha Round and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Gap

AbstractThe current multilateral trading system under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) displays a substantial development gap in the regulatory and institutional frameworks. The Doha Round negotiations, which was initiated to promote development interests under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), have not been concluded for over 14 years, raising doubts about the ability of the WTO system to promote development interests effectively. While the Doha Round was sluggish for a number of years, regional trade agreements, which currently include every WTO Member, have been proliferated, creating significant implications for developing countries. This article examines the development of the Doha Round, analyzes the causes of its impasse, and explores its future prospects. The article also discusses the development gap in the current trading system and advances reform proposals to fill the gap in the system.

The Settlement of Trade Disputes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-248
Author(s):  
Makane Moïse Mbengue
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanisms

This article examines the question of whether the wto enjoys a monopoly over the settlement of trade disputes by examining the historical context of the Dispute Settlement Understanding of the wto, including early dispute resolution under the gatt and the goal behind the transformation leading to the wto of curbing potential unilateralism within the trade regime. It argues that this culminated in the intention to create a centralized rule-based system for the settlement of disputes, rather than an intention to create a monopoly for the wto. The article examines potential threats to the so-called monopoly, in particular with the proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (rtas) and the development of Mutually Agreed Solutions (mas). It also addresses relevant case law to demonstrate that the wto does not and was not intended to enjoy a monopoly over trade disputes. Rather, the wto pursues the objective of strengthening the multilateral trading system rather than encouraging unilateral trade action, which would not appear to be undermined by resort to the dispute settlement mechanisms of relevant rtas or other dispute settlement mechanisms.

scholarly journals Essays On Deep Trade Agreements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rohany-Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Natural Question ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
Multilateral Agreements ◽  
Deep Integration

<div>The number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has increased tremendously since 1990. The natural question to ask is why. PTAs are not only about lowering down tariffs further than the most favoured nation (MFN) tariff levels. There are many economic and non-economic policies other than border policies that are addressed in PTAs. Trade agreements dealing with border policies (tariffs) are referred to as “shallow”; and those that are dealing with a broader set of policies are referred to as “deep”. Therefore, PTAs are about something deeper. Parallel to the increase in the PTAs, trade in intermediate inputs has grown exponentially over past decades. Therefore, the first question that arises is whether trade in intermediate inputs generates the need for deep integration. In this dissertation, we show that the nature of trade in intermediate goods requires deep integration. The second question to be addressed is whether the deep trade agreements need to be preferential. With a three-country model, we show that the deep bilateral agreements are rarely chosen over the shallow agreements. Finally, by introducing the deep integration in the multilateral trading system, we conclude that although trade in intermediate inputs calls for deep integration, they do not call for deep PTAs. However, deep integration is better implied under multilateral agreements. Therefore, the deep integration in economic policies does not contribute to the increase in the number of PTAs.</div>

scholarly journals Que fronteiras para a UE?

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (78) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carminda Cavaco
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Development ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

This article addresses the identity of Europe, the project and process of the construction of Europe, the successive enlargements and the mobility of external borders from the perspective of a Europe of variable geometries. It attempts to develop the discourse on the “return to Europe” for the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), their movement towards democracy, their difficulties in entering the global market, EU assistance and new development dynamics. Then, the new enlargements for the short-term up to the Adriatic and the Black Sea, with the next countries to be admitted being Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. Other notes are made on the possibility of other enlargements in the medium- to long-term, by setting the external borders farther to the East, towards Russia and the Caucasus, and to the Middle East, towards Turkey, and to the South, towards North Africa, countries that have a certain “desire for Europe”. The EU attracts with its status of post-modern empire, and it is necessary for Europe to stabilize and modernize its peripheries, without calling into question the EU’s project and with prejudice to strengthening the integration process.

scholarly journals Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
Preferential Trading ◽  
Preferential Trading Arrangements

Preferential trade arrangements, and especially free trade agreements, have mushroomed in importance in the 1990s. This has revived research on the effects of these arrangements, both on the welfare of the member countries and those excluded, and on the momentum for further liberalization of the open multilateral trading system. This paper reviews the analyses and evidence to date as to these effects, showing that analytically anything can happen and that, to date, there has been insufficient experience to draw conclusions from empirical evidence.

The future of the WTO: some comments on the Sutherland Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
RICHARD BLACKHURST
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The Future

Three times since its founding in 1948, the GATT/WTO has turned to outside experts for help in finding solutions to pressing issues confronting the multilateral trading system. In 1957 the Contracting Parties decided to create a panel of three (later four) internationally recognized experts in international trade and finance to consider trends in world trade, andin particular the failure of the trade of the less developed countries to develop as rapidly as that of industrialized countries, excessive short-term fluctuations in prices of primary products, and widespread resort to agricultural protection.

scholarly journals Platinum Group Elements in Geosphere and Anthroposphere: Interplay among the Global Reserves, Urban Ores, Markets and Circular Economy

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
Zane Vincevica-Gaile ◽  
Maris Krievans ◽  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Mika Horttanainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Platinum Group

Industrial and strategic significance of platinum group elements (PGEs)—Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt—makes them irreplaceable; furthermore, some PGEs are used by investors as “safe heaven” assets traded in the commodity markets. This review analyzes PGEs from various aspects: their place in the geosphere, destiny in the anthroposphere, and opportunity in the economy considering interactions among the exploration, recycling of urban ores, trade markets, speculative rhetoric, and changes required for successful technological progress towards the implementation of sustainability. The global market of PGEs is driven by several concerns: costs for extraction/recycling; logistics; the demand of industries; policies of waste management. Diversity of application and specific chemical properties, as well as improper waste management, make the recycling of PGEs complicated. The processing approach depends on composition and the amount of available waste material, and so therefore urban ores are a significant source of PGEs, especially when the supply of elements is limited by geopolitical or market tensions. Recycling potential of urban ores is particularly important in a long-term view disregarding short-term economic fluctuations, and it should influence investment flows in the advancement of innovation.

R&D Strategy of the Korean Electric Industry Using a Technology Roadmap(Trm) Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 674-679
Author(s):  
Young Eal Lee
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Electric Industry ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Market Needs

The proper allocation of the limited R&D resources under the restructuring of the electric industry is a primary motivator for this electricity technology roadmap (eTRM) initiative. Because the major interests of CEOs could be the short term profit of their company under the competitive electric industry, it would wrong of them to cut back on the long term R&D budgets which make it impossible to develop all the technologies. Therefore, we should select and support only the favorable and competitive technologies to meet the future market needs using the TRM approach with the concept of "Selection and Concentration." This study aims at defining the key technologies basis from the forecasts of what is possible or likely to happen in the future and planning the course of action for the technology development in the electricity field in Korea. The selected technologies could be the candidates for the mid and long term R&D program supported concentrically by the Electricity Industry Infrastructure Fund.

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