Analysis of Productivity Trends on Indian Railways

Journal of the Transportation Research Forum ◽

10.5399/osu/jtrf.47.1.1086 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

G. Alivelu

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Technological Progress ◽

New Technology ◽

Rolling Stock ◽

Technological Changes ◽

Labor Efficiency ◽

Efficiency Increase ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost

A large number of technological advancements have taken place on Indian Railways in recent times. Technological changes resulting in fuel and labor efficiency increase productivity and thereby reduce the cost of production on Indian Railways. To assess the productivity performance on Indian Railways, two outputs and three inputs are considered for the period from 1981-82 to 2002-03. During this period, there was large structural change in capital stocks, especially with respect to rolling stock and equipment. Embodied new technology in terms of diesel and electric engines was added. The study clearly shows that technological progress must have been a very important factor leading to higher productivity.

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Financial stability management as a determinant of competitive development of agrarian formations

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2019.12(1).3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Nadiia HRYSHCHUK

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Production Cost ◽

New Technology ◽

Fixed Costs ◽

Qualitative Characteristic ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

Labor Resources ◽

The Cost

The article investigates financial stability as a qualitative characteristic of functioning of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions, the analysis of indicators of financial stability of the enterprise and determination of its type, as well as the effectiveness of forecasting the financial stability of agricultural enterprises. A number of measures is proposed, which is to reduce the cost of production (cost-saving strategy), which will allow agribusinesses to increase competitiveness in the market due to the introduction of new technology, technologies, more rational the use of both material and labor resources, reducing the proportion of fixed costs in the cost of production, in proportion to the increase in profits and competitive development of agricultural enterprises. The basic condition for ensuring the financial stability of the company is the formation of sufficient amounts of funds that enable them to fully fulfill their obligations to the budget, pay employees, creditors, suppliers.

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ANALISIS USAHA BUDIDAYA TAMBAK BANDENG PADA TEKNOLOGI TRADISIONAL DAN SEMI_INTENSIF DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG

Forum Agribisnis ◽

10.29244/fagb.7.1.49-66 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-66

Author(s):

Mahfudlotul 'Ula ◽

Nunung Kusnadi

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Cost Efficiency ◽

Traditional Technology ◽

Additional Input ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost

The low productivity of milkfish produced by traditional technology encourage the development of new farming technologies to increase productivity. Semi-intensive technology has evolved since the 2000s. However, this technology increases the cost of production because of the additional input of artificial feed. One of the regencies which produce milkfish using both traditional and semi-intensive technology is Karawang Regency. The objective of this research were to analyze profit and cost efficiency in traditional and semi-intensive techonology. The method of data collection conducted purposive as many as 30 milkfish farmers with traditional technology and 33 milkfish farmers with semi-intensive technology. The results show that semi-intensive technology provides a higher level of productivity and higher profitability. However, traditional technology was more efficient than semi-intensive technology. This condition causes the milkfish cultivation with traditional technology are still exist because it provides a higher return to capital.

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KAJIAN EKONOMI PENUNDAAN BUKA SADAP SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHADAPI HARGA KARET RENDAH

Warta Perkaretan ◽

10.22302/ppk.wp.v36i1.258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Dwi Shinta Agustina ◽

Eva Herlinawati ◽

Iman Satra Nugraha

Keyword(s):

Mature Tree ◽

Price Changes ◽

Tree Analysis ◽

Different Types ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

Unfavorable Condition ◽

The Cost ◽

Selection Of

Abstrak Agribisnis karet saat ini sedang mengalami kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya harga karet beberapa tahun terakhir serta meningkatnya biaya produksi terutama biaya penyadapan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dan dapat menjadi suatu pemikiran adalah dengan melakukan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet. Tulisan ini mengkaji penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan dua pendekatan yaitu: penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria matang sadap pohon dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm; dan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria persentase matang sadap kebun. Analisis menggunakan data percobaan Lukman (1979; 1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno dan Amypalupy (2008), dan Nugraha et al. (2015). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penundaan buka sadap dengan merubah lilit batang dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm dapat meningkatkan produktivitas per penyadap. Penundaan buka sadap hingga lilit batang mencapai 50 cm akan ekonomis dengan pemilihan klon yang memiliki produktivitas awal yang tinggi. Untuk menunda buka sadap dari lilit batang 45 cm menjadi 50 cm diperlukan waktu 6-12 bulan tergantung kerapatan tanaman dan jenis klon. Kriteria matang sadap kebun yang berbeda sesuai jenis klon dan perubahan harga masih menguntungkan secara ekonomis. Perlu kajian yang lebih luas mengenai penundaan buka sadap. Kata kunci: karet, buka sadap, penundaan Abstract Currently, agribusiness of rubber is experiencing unfavorable condition. This is due to the declining of rubber price in the last few years as well as increasing of cost of production especially the cost of tapping. An effort that could be done was by delaying the opening of rubber. This paper examines the delay in opening of rubber with two approaches, i.e. delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria of tree maturity for tapping from 45 cm to 50 cm; and delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria for the percentage of mature tree. Analysis was conducted using the data of Lukman (1979;1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno and Amypalupy (2008), and Nugraha et al. (2015). The results showed that the delay of opening by changing the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm could increase productivity per tapper. Delaying of opening until reaching the girth of 50 cm will be economical with the selection of clones that have high initial productivity. To delay opening from the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm took 6-12 months depending on the density of the plants and clones. Criteria of field tapping maturity to suit different types of clones and price changes are still economically viable. A broader study on the delaying of rubber opening was needed. Keywords: rubber, opening, delaying

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IMPLEMENTASI JOB ORDER COSTING METHOD DALAM PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MAP

eBA Journal: Journal Economics, Bussines and Accounting ◽

10.32492/eba.v4i2.613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Ika Yulianti ◽

Endah Masrunik ◽

Anam Miftakhul Huda ◽

Diana Elvianita

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Production Cost ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Cost Data ◽

Method Calculation ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

This study aims to find a comparison of the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured in the CV. Mitra Setia Blitar uses the company's method and uses the Job Order Costing (JOC) method. The method used in this study is quantitative. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data is in the form of map production cost data while qualitative data is in the form of information about map production process. The result of calculating the cost of production of the map between the two methods results in a difference of Rp. 306. Calculation using the company method is more expensive than using the Job Order Costing method. Calculation of cost of goods manufactured using the company method is Rp. 2,205,000, - or Rp. 2,205, - each unit. While using the Job Order Costing (JOC) method is Rp. 1,899,000, - or Rp 1,899, - each unit. So that the right method used in calculating the cost of production is the Job Order Costing (JOC) method

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ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL ATAS PRODUK (Studi Kasus Pada PT Dasa Windu Agung)

Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT ◽

10.36226/jrmb.v1i2.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Dwi Urip Wardoyo

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Automotive Components ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost ◽

Keywords Cost

This study aims to determine the determination of the cost of production for products produced by PT. DWA. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing industry specialized in automotive components. Its activity is carried out through a series of production processes, so that expenses spent in the production will be calculated into the cost of the production sold. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies in Jakarta. Convenience sampling method selected one of the companies that get the confidence to assemble three national car project in Indonesia, namely Timor, Bakrie and Maleo. Test analysis used in this study is to test the calculation of full costing with job order costing. This study shows that (a) determination of the cost elements associated with the cost of production and (b) determining the cost of production on a product-based job costing with full costing approach. Keywords: cost of production, full costing

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Effects and Risks of Distance Learning in Higher Education

Administrative Consulting ◽

10.22394/1726-1139-2020-10-61-73 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-73

Author(s):

Yu. M. Tsygalov

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Distance Learning ◽

Online Education ◽

New Technology ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Higher Education System ◽

First Results ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

The Cost

The forced work of Russian universities remotely in the context of the pandemic (COVID-19) has generated a lot of discussion about the benefits of the new form of education. The first results were summed up and reports were presented, the materials of which showed that the main goal of online education — the prevention of the spread of infection, - has been achieved. Against this background, proposals and publications have appeared substantiating the effectiveness of the massive introduction of distance learning in Russia, including in higher education. However, the assessment of such training by the population and students in publications and in social networks was predominantly negative and showed that the number of emerging problems exceeds the possible benefits of the new educational technology. Based on the analysis of the materials of publications and personal experience of teaching online, the potential benefits and problems of distance learning in higher education in Russia are considered. It is proposed to consider the effects separately for the suppliers of new technology (government, universities) and consumers (students, teachers, society). It is substantiated that the massive introduction of online education allows not only to reduce the negative consequences of epidemics, but also to reduce budgetary funding for universities, optimize the age composition of teachers, and reduce the cost of maintaining educational buildings. However, there will be a leveling / averaging of the quality of education, and responsibility for the quality of training will shift from the state/universities to students. The critical shortcomings of online education are the low degree of readiness of the digital infrastructure, the lack of a mechanism for identifying and monitoring the work of students, information security problems, and the lack of trust in such training of the population. The massive use of online education creates a number of risks for the country, the most critical of which is the destruction of the higher education system and a drop in the effectiveness of personnel training. The consequences of this risk realization are not compensated by any possible budget savings.

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Quantifying the increase in fishing efficiency due to the use of drifting FADs equipped with echosounders in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsaa216 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gwenaëlle Wain ◽

Loreleï Guéry ◽

David Michael Kaplan ◽

Daniel Gaertner

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Recent Change ◽

Purse Seine ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽

Thunnus Obesus ◽

Efficiency Increase ◽

Tropical Tuna ◽

Floating Objects ◽

The Impact

Abstract Numerous pelagic species are known to associate with floating objects (FOBs), including tropical tunas. Purse seiners use this behaviour to facilitate the capture of tropical tunas by deploying artificial drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs). One major recent change has been the integration of echosounders in satellite-tracked GPS buoys attached to FOBs, allowing fishers to remotely estimate fishable biomass. Understanding the effects of this new technology on catch of the three main tuna species (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares; bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus; and skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis) is important to accurately correct for this change in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indices used for stock assessments. We analysed catch data from the French purse seine fleet for the period 2010–2017 in the Indian Ocean to assess the impact of this fleet’s switch to echosounder buoys around 2012. Results indicate that echosounders do not increase the probability a set will be succesful, but they have a positive effect on catch per set, with catches on average increasing by ≈2−2.5 tonnes per set (≈10%) when made on the vessel's own dFADs equipped with an echosounder buoy. Increases were due to a decrease in sets below ≈25 tonnes and an increase in those greater than ≈25 tonnes, with a non-linear transition around this threshold. This increase explains the considerable investment of purse seiners in echosounder buoys, but also raises concerns about bias in stock size estimates based on CPUE if we do not correct for this fishing efficiency increase.

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The Engineering Design of Helical Spur Gear Transmission with Single Gear Pair for Electric Scooter

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.374 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 764-765 ◽

pp. 374-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Long Chang Hsieh ◽

Tzu Hsia Chen ◽

Hsiu Chen Tang

Keyword(s):

Engineering Design ◽

Spur Gear ◽

Gear Transmission ◽

Reduction Ratio ◽

Gear Pair ◽

Engineering Drawing ◽

Electric Scooter ◽

High Reduction ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost

Traditionally, the reduction ratio of a spur gear pair is limited to 4 ~ 7. For a spur gear transmission with reduction ratio more than 7, it is necessary to have more than two gear pairs. Consider the cost of production, this paper proposes a helical spur gear reducer with one gear pair having reduction ratio 19.25 to substitute the gear reducer with two gear pairs. Based on the involute theorem, the gear data of helical spur gear pair is obtained. According to the gear data, its corresponding engineering drawing is accomplished. This manuscript verify that one spur gear pair also can have high reduction ratio (20 ~ 30).

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