Does the Cost Paradox Preclude Technological Progress under Imperfect Competition?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
RABAH AMIR ◽  
CHRISTINE HALMENSCHLAGER ◽  
MALGORZATA KNAUFF
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
The Cost

Prototype Smart Home Berbasis Internet of Things untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Penggunan Listrik

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Safira Salsabila ◽  
Dian Kasoni
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Logic Unit

Abstract— Microcontroller is a hardware in which there is a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register and Aritmatic Logic Unit. Microcontroller is able to activate some electronic devices such as led, buzzer, motor, lighting and so on. Currently, at the home of the writer has many light switches in each room and often causes the user to become disoriented when turning on the light and the condition of the gate in the yard was that close to the roads often led to congestion when it would either open or close the house gates. The activation method of lights and other electronic devices still use manual method, so it is inefficient and causing excessive cost of electricity. For that built a system to activate every device in every room at the house based internet of things which will be activated by a website display on the internet so that the lights in each room and other device will activate.. With the creation of this system is expected to reduce the cost of electricity on writer’s house and as a first step to realize the smart home in the utilization of technological progress, especially in the field of microcontroller.   Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan sebuah perangkat keras yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input dan output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register dan Aritmatic Logic Unit. Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkan beberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor, lampu penerangan dan sebagainya. Saat ini, di rumah pribadi penulis memiliki banyak saklar lampu di setiap ruangan dan sering mengakibatkan setiap pengguna kebingungan saatmenghidupkan lampu dan gerbang di halaman rumah memiliki jarak yang dekat dengan jalanan seringkali menimbulkankemacetan saat akan membuka ataupun menutup gerbang rumah. Metode pengaktifan perangkat lampu dan alatelektronik yang lain masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga tidak efisien dan menimbulkan pengeluaran biaya listrik yangberlebih. Untuk itu dibangun sebuah sistem untuk mengaktifkan setiap perangkat yang ada di ruangan rumah penulis berbasisInternet of Things yang akan diaktifkan oleh sebuah tampilan website melalui internet sehingga secara otomatis lampu disetiap ruangan dan perangkat lainnya akan aktif. Dengan dibuatnya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi pengeluaran biaya listrik di rumah pribadi penulis dan sebagai langkah awal mewujudkan smart home dalam pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi, terutama dibidang mikrokontroller.

Developments in CVD-Diamond Synthesis During the Past Decade

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Butler ◽  
Henry Windischmann
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Diamond Growth ◽  
Diamond Synthesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Curiosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

The last decade and a half has seen an explosive growth in the synthesis of diamond materials by a variety of chemicalvapor-deposition (CVD) processes driven by both scientific curiosity and technological exploitation for diverse applications in the fields of hard coatings, tools, optics, passive and active electronics, thermal management, corrosion protection, and radiation detection. Beginning in the 1980s, micron-sized diamond particles were reported by a few groups using hot filaments and a seemingly magical (alchemical) recipe of hydrocarbons and hydrogen. Now near the end of the 1990s, the basic science of diamond growth by CVD is well-understood. Diverse plasma- and thermal-based techniques have been developed for deposition of diamond. Polycrystalline films several mm thick and over 12 in. (30 cm) in diameter are a reality. Many companies are commercializing a wide range of products, and the cost of deposition has dropped by over three orders of magnitude. This article reviews these developments and highlights challenges for the future. It is organized along two themes: scientific advances and technological progress.

scholarly journals Sensors and Their Application in Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Mladen Jurišić ◽  
Ivan Plaščak ◽  
Željko Barač ◽  
Dorijan Radočaj ◽  
Domagoj Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost

The paper depicts sensors in precision agriculture. It encompasses the most significant and frequently used sensors in agriculture. Furthermore, the paper explains the main sensor types according to their design, the recorded range of electromagnetic spectrum, as well as the way of detection, recording, measuring, and representation of the detected energy. The development of remote research has provided deeper understanding of remote sensors and their advantages. The sensors installed on soil testing equipment, fertilizing and crop protection machinery, as well as crop picking machinery have been analyzed relative to precision farming. The paper depicts widely known sensors OptRx, ISARIA and VRT technology. The results of the paper assess the data collected by sensors and processed in order to produce maps for agrotechnical operations. The application of maps decreases the employment of human resources, heightens the capacity of data collection, increases the precision of agricultural activities, and finally results in decreasing the cost of final products. The technological progress over the past decade has enabled the development of technology with variable application standards (VRT) that, according to current needs, enables input optimization.

Origin of a Risk-Based Security System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Marek Adamkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
The Cost

In general, from a long-term perspective, we implement various systems aimed to improve our lives. The exception, however, is war, which — by definition — assumes achieving certain benefits through losses. Therefore, in the case of armed conflicts, it is impossible to ensure stabilisation and balance of social relations, as every military conflict, while serving future goals, simultaneously ruins the present ones. After all, war is the manifestation of risks undertaken in the name of uncertain objectives and a tragedy experienced both by losers and winners. War always entails losses, suffering and widespread crime, as well as blurs the concept of moral good. From this point of view, war appears to be foolish and dangerous to life and health. Nevertheless, militarisation has been the most pronounced trend underlining the dynamics of history, driving technological progress and civilisational development, even at the cost of abandoning transcendental hope for the better. War, although an unquestionable evil, does not deter people, but rather entices them, as exemplified by various dangerous behaviours in common risk-taking at various levels.

The Baby Boom and Baby Bust

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Greenwood ◽  
Ananth Seshadri ◽  
Guillaume Vandenbroucke
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The Cost

What caused the baby boom? And can it be explained within the context of the secular decline in fertility that has occurred over the last 200 years? The hypothesis is that: (a) The secular decline in fertility is due to the relentless rise in real wages that increased the opportunity cost of having children; (b) The baby boom is explained by an atypical burst of technological progress in the household sector that occurred in the middle of the last century. This lowered the cost of having children. A model is developed in an attempt to account, quantitatively, for both the baby boom and bust.

Industrial Vicissitudes and Commercialization of Technology in Japan

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419
Author(s):  
Kihachiro Nishikawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Technical Design ◽  
Industrial Expansion ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The Cost

Through my forty years of experience as an electromechanical engineer, I have realized that the development of technical design has been one of the most important elements necessary for Japanese industrial expansion. The cost reduction of the products, along with quality assurance and functional improvements, is one of the main purposes of the technological progress; and it is a difficult challenge. To achieve this purpose, engineers are requested to design smaller, lighter products with fewer parts. In other words, engineering designers must adopt the new technologies in order to reach their target. This demand stimulates Research and Development (R&D) activity in many related fields.

scholarly journals Geo-Resources Recycling as the Way of Mining Wastes Disposing

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Asmelash Abay ◽  
Mabel Imbuga ◽  
Chandara Malik ◽  
Kumar Singh ◽  
Dmitriy Borodin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Subsurface Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Liquid

Scientific and technological progress envisages the solving the most important problems in the main areas of mineral processing, leading to the perfection of technological processes, improving quality indicators and reducing the cost of production. Rational use of minerals at the stages of their extraction and enrichment is a single indivisible problem, the main task of which is the fullest use of basic and rare minerals. Geo-resources include mineral deposits and subsurface materials (solid, liquid, gaseous, mixtures), underground space (cavity), subsurface energy (static, geo-dynamic, geomagnetic). Geo-resources are provisionally recognized as geoinformation, characterized by various attributes and properties of subsurface material (minerals, overburden, etc.), and the other geo-resources, including streams migrating into the depths (fluids, magma, etc.). It is clear that mineral resources are part of the subsurface material. Therefore, the most important aspect of geo-resources development today is the initiation of recycling of their industrial processing.

scholarly journals Judicial Torture as a Screening Device

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-Pin Chen ◽  
Tsung-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
Type Ii Errors ◽  
Extract Information

AbstractJudicial torture to extract information or to elicit a confession was a common practice in pre-modern societies, both in the east and the west. This paper proposes a positive theory for judicial torture. It is shown that torture reflects the magistrate’s attempt to balance type I and type II errors in the decision-making, by forcing the guilty to confess with a higher probability than the innocent, and thereby decreases the type I error at the cost of the type II error. Moreover, there is a non-monotonic relationship between the superiority of torture and the informativeness of investigation: when investigation is relatively uninformative, an improvement in technology used in the investigation actually lends an advantage to torture so that torture is even more attractive to the magistrates; however, when technological progress reaches a certain threshold, the advantage of torture is weakened, so that a judicial system based on torture becomes inferior to one based on evidence. This result can explain the historical development of the judicial system.

scholarly journals Augmented and Mixed Reality in Language Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Panagiotidis
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Network Technologies

The use of Extended Reality technologies in education, and especially in language learning, has attracted the interest of language experts for the last 15 years. However, the recent technological progress as well as the simultaneous dramatic reduction of the cost of the necessary hardware has led to an impressive growth of the XR market, creating, thus, new perspectives concerning the adoption of XR technologies in education. The educational XR market is also growing very fast, not only thanks to the offer of innovative applications, but also due to technological developments in network technologies. Advances in wireless and cellular networks can make XR experiences more immersive and more accessible to local and remote users. This paper aims to present the current developments in the field of utilization of Augmented (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in language education and to explore their future perspectives. Towards this end, AR/MR technologies, the theoretical bases of their use in language education, as well as the available for each technology hardware and software solutions are presented in more detail. Examples of AR/MR technologies in language learning applications, as well as the conclusions drawn from the literature review concerning the benefits and limitations AR/MR applications in language learning will also be presented. Finally, market data and future research directions will be discussed, in order to identify the perspectives of these technologies in language learning.

scholarly journals СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ФАКТОРИ УЗБЕКИСТАНУ В УМОВАХ ПАТОЛОГІЧНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ І ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Konstantin Pavlov ◽  
Nailya Asadullina
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Formulation of the problem. Formulation of the problem. In the context of an increased level of uncertainty and variability of the organizational and economic environment, the significance and influence of various kinds of pathologies of a social nature (for example, the COVID-19 pandemic, all kinds of color revolutions, etc.), which have significant negative consequences for the functioning of society and its most important structures, has increased. The purpose of the article is to characterize the set of socio-economic factors in Uzbekistan in the context of pathological challenges and digitalization. The object of the research is the socio-economic processes of the development of the economy of Uzbekistan in the context of pathological challenges and digitalization. The methods used in the research are logical, comparative, analytical, scientific and methodological. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that there is a dependence of the cost of restoring the ecological balance on the volume of national non-financial production assets. Presentation of the main material. The use of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress, such as comprehensive digitalization and modeling of the most important factors and trends of social development, can resist the impact of modern negative challenges. The article analyzes and simulates some of the most important parameters of the functioning of the Uzbek economy, the results of which can be used in developing a strategy of actions in priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The originality and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the author substantiates the relationship between the diseases of a modern person and unfavorable environmental conditions arising from his own fault. Conclusions of the study. Thus, as a result of the studies, it became obvious that the factors of social development and the socio-economic trends arising as a result of their action can be divided into two large groups: the first should include factors and trends of a negative nature associated with the action of all kinds of social pathologies; the second group, on the contrary, includes positive factors and trends, primarily associated with the progressive influence of scientific and technological progress, including with such an important modern direction as the all-round digitalization of society.

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