Thermostable Alkaline Phytase from Alcaligenes sp. in Improving Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Animal Feed: In Vitro Analysis

A bacterial isolate, Alcaligenes sp. secreting phytase (EC 3.1.3.8), was isolated and characterized. The optimum conditions for the production of phytase included a fermentation period of 96 h, pH 8.0, and the addition of 1% (w/v) maltose and 1% (w/v) beef extract to the culture medium. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity and had an apparent molecular mass of 41 kDa. The optimum pH range and temperature for the activity of phytase were found to be 7.0-8.0 and 60°C, respectively. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by 0.005 M of Mn2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. In vitro studies revealed that the phytase from Alcaligenes sp. released inorganic phosphate from plant phytates. Phytase released 1930 ± 28, 1740 ± 13, 1050 ± 31, 845 ± 7, 1935 ± 32, and 1655 ± 21 mg inorganic phosphate/kg plant phytates, namely, chick pea, corn, green pea, groundnut, pearl pea, and chick feed, respectively.

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Vitamin A and carotenoids. The enzymic conversion of β-carotene into retinal in hog intestinal mucosa

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1140689 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 689-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Noel H. Fidge ◽

Frank Rees Smith ◽

DeWitt S. Goodman

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Tween 40 ◽

Ph Range ◽

Optimum Ph Range ◽

Β Carotene

The conversion of β-carotene into retinal was studied in vitro with enzyme preparations from homogenates of hog intestinal mucosa. The hog mucosal enzyme was purified about 27-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The reaction displayed a narrow optimum pH range (approx. 7·8–8·2). The enzyme was stimulated strongly by the addition of thiols, and was inhibited by thiol inhibitors and by the chelating agents αα′-bipyridyl and o-phenanthroline. The reaction required the addition of an appropriate detergent (or bile salt); maximal activity was obtained by addition of an appropriate combination of detergents and lipid (specifically Tween 40, sodium glycocholate and sphingomyelin). The reaction displayed Michaelis kinetics with Km1·3×10−6m and Vmax.1·1nmole of retinal formed/hr. (for 0·7mg. of enzyme protein). The properties of the hog enzyme are similar to those previously reported for a less purified rat enzyme preparation.

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Digestibility Value and Fermentation Level of Local Feed-Based ration for Sheep

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.2.706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hamdi Mayulu ◽

N Fauziah ◽

M Christiyanto ◽

Sunarso Sunarso ◽

M I Haris

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

Range Test ◽

In Vitro Analysis

Feed Digestibility is an important indicator which can be used as a guideline to determine the amount of nutrient and feed that can be absorbed by digestive tract. The objective of the research was to determine the value dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3 fermentation level and volatile fatty acid (VFA) fermentation level. The research was conducted on January 2018 in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Faculty, Diponegoro University Semarang. The research method used was in vitro analysis with complete randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance at 95% significant level, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the highest score of DMD was T5=56.51±0.33%, T4=56.41±2.11; T3=55.86±0.83; highest score of OMD was T5=62.48±0.39%, T4=61.87±1.60; T3=60.86±1.10, the highest NH3 concentration was T3=6.07±1.55 mM, and the highest VFA concentration was T5=55.25±3.40 mM. Sheep’s local feed-based ration was significantly (P<0.05) influenced in vitro DMD, OMD, NH3 fermentation level and VFA fermentation level

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Identification and Occurrence of Perfect Stage and Cultural and Morphological Variants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Guava in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v56i2.10860 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 171-180

Author(s):

Lii-Jang Liu

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Conidial Stage ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Morphological Variants ◽

Ph Range ◽

Optimum Ph Range

Two strains of Colletotrichum spp., one dark and one light, were isolated from diseased fruits of guava in Puerto Rico. The isolates differ in cultural appearance, physiologic characteristics, and size of conidia. The optimum temperature range for mycelial growth of the dark strain lies between 24° and 28° C. The optimum temperature range for the light strain lies between 28° and 32° C. The optimum pH range for both strains lie between 5 and 7. Perithecia were produced when the dark strain was crossed with the light strain, or grown alone in potato dextrose agar at 24° to 28° C. Perithecia obtained from both isolates were typical of Glomerella cingulata. Ascospore isolations consistently resulted in the recovery of typical C. gloeosporioides cultures. Although conidia produced by the dark strain are significantly longer than those of the light strain, their perithecia are indistinguishable. Both strains are identified as C. gloeosporioides, the conidial stage of G. cingulata. The formation of the sexual stage of C. gloeosporioides in vitro in Puerto Rico has not been reported hitherto.

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Effects of incubation fluid pH and fibrolytic enzymes on the in vitro fermentation of pure substrates, assessed using the Reading Pressure Technique (RPT)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200008644 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 208-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Colombatto ◽

F. L. Mould ◽

M. K. Bhat ◽

E. Owen

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Commercial Enzyme ◽

Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽

Optimum Activity ◽

Ph Values ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

Ph Range ◽

Optimum Ph Range

Modern feeding practices often lead to ruminal conditions being sub-optimal for fibre digestion. It has been speculated that fibrolytic enzymes, which usually show optimum activity at pH values below 6.0, may be of benefit when applied to diets of high producing animals. This study used a commercial enzyme mixture (EM), already identified as effective; to investigate its optimum pH range with respect to activity and its impact on the fermentation profiles of pure substrates, under differing pH conditions.

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The native structure of the eukaryotic ribosome

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075890 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 432-433

Author(s):

R.A. Milligan ◽

P.N.T. Unwin

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Native Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Eukaryotic Ribosome ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

In Vitro Analysis ◽

Resolution Structure ◽

Stable Unit

A detailed understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis will ultimately depend on knowledge of the native structure of the ribosome. Towards this end we have investigated the low resolution structure of the eukaryotic ribosome embedded in frozen buffer, making use of a system in which the ribosomes crystallize naturally.The ribosomes in the cells of early chicken embryos form crystalline arrays when the embryos are cooled at 4°C. We have developed methods to isolate the stable unit of these arrays, the ribosome tetramer, and have determined conditions for the growth of two-dimensional crystals in vitro, Analysis of the proteins in the crystals by 2-D gel electrophoresis demonstrates the presence of all ribosomal proteins normally found in polysomes. There are in addition, four proteins which may facilitate crystallization. The crystals are built from two oppositely facing P4 layers and the predominant crystal form, accounting for >80% of the crystals, has the tetragonal space group P4212, X-ray diffraction of crystal pellets demonstrates that crystalline order extends to ~ 60Å.

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1163: Radial Dilation of Ureteral Balloons: A Comparative in-Vitro Analysis

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35308-4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 173 (4S) ◽

pp. 315-316

Author(s):

Kari Hendlin ◽

Brynn Lund ◽

Manoj Monga

Keyword(s):

Vitro Analysis ◽

In Vitro Analysis

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An In Vitro Analysis of Ligament Reconstruction or Extension Osteotomy on Trapeziometacarpal Joint Stability and Contact Area

Yearbook of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery ◽

10.1016/s1551-7977(08)70357-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 214-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Wilhelmi

Keyword(s):

Contact Area ◽

Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Joint Stability ◽

Trapeziometacarpal Joint ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

In Vitro Analysis

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Role of the 807 C/T Polymorphism of the α2 Gene in Platelet GP Ia Collagen Receptor Expression and Function

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1614605 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 81 (06) ◽

pp. 951-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

J. Corral ◽

R. González-Conejero ◽

J. Rivera ◽

F. Ortuño ◽

P. Aparicio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Cell Types ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Platelet Surface ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

And Function ◽

In Vitro Analysis

SummaryThe variability of the platelet GP Ia/IIa density has been associated with the 807 C/T polymorphism (Phe 224) of the GP Ia gene in American Caucasian population. We have investigated the genotype and allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. The T allele was found in 35% of the 284 blood donors analyzed. We confirmed in 159 healthy subjects a significant association between the 807 C/T polymorphism and the platelet GP Ia density. The T allele correlated with high number of GP Ia molecules on platelet surface. In addition, we observed a similar association of this polymorphism with the expression of this protein in other blood cell types. The platelet responsiveness to collagen was determined by “in vitro” analysis of the platelet activation and aggregation response. We found no significant differences in these functional platelet parameters according to the 807 C/T genotype. Finally, results from 3 case/control studies involving 302 consecutive patients (101 with coronary heart disease, 104 with cerebrovascular disease and 97 with deep venous thrombosis) determined that the 807 C/T polymorphism of the GP Ia gene does not represent a risk factor for arterial or venous thrombosis.

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