Immigrant Women Workers in the Neoliberal Age

To date, most research on immigrant women and labor forces has focused on the participation of immigrant women in formal labor markets. This book focuses on informal economies such as health care, domestic work, street vending, and the garment industry, where displaced and undocumented women are more likely to work. Because such informal labor markets are unregulated, many of these workers face abusive working conditions that are not reported for fear of job loss or deportation.The book explores the labor experiences of primarily Asian and Latina immigrant women, engaged in low-wage work. It assesses the impact of neoliberal globalization on the economic, political, and social lives of immigrant women both at home and abroad, as well as the strategies used by these women to deal with labor disruptions—interruptions in immigrant women's labor patterns due to the social and political processes resulting from neoliberal globalization. Labor disruptions encompass both “for-pay” labor and gendered labor within the family and occur in ethnic enclaves and within the informal economy. The book seeks to elucidate how Asian and Latina immigrant women, with the assistance of community-based organizations, organize and mobilize against disruptions caused by neoliberal globalization and the neoliberal state. In examining the complex dynamics of how immigrant women navigate political and economic uncertainties, the book highlights the important role of citizenship status in defining immigrant women's opportunities, wages, and labor conditions.

Author(s):  
Maura Toro-Morn ◽  
Anna Romina Guevarra ◽  
Nilda Flores-González

This book explores the labor experiences of immigrant women, primarily Asians and Latinas, engaged in low-wage work in the era of neoliberal globalization. It assesses the impact of neoliberal globalization on the economic, political, and social lives of immigrant women both at home and abroad, as well as the strategies used by these women to deal with labor disruptions—interruptions in immigrant women's labor patterns due to the social and political processes resulting from neoliberal globalization. Labor disruptions encompass both “for-pay” labor and gendered labor within the family and occur in ethnic enclaves and within the informal economy. The book seeks to elucidate how Asian and Latina immigrant women, with the assistance of community-based organizations, organize and mobilize against disruptions caused by neoliberal globalization and the neoliberal state. This introduction reflects on the challenges facing future scholars of labor and migration processes.


1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Gómez ◽  
Mónica Hernández ◽  
Bonnie Faigeles

In 1996, nearly 60% of U.S. AIDS cases among Latinas were attributed to unprotected sex with men. Economic disadvantage, language barriers, and strong cultural gender norms regarding sex exacerbate the risk for HIV infection among Latina immigrant women. Through a collaboration among scientists and providers, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted empowerment program for Latina immigrant women on HIV risk behaviors. Women ( N = 74) were followed for the first 6 months of their participation and attended up to nine distinct types of activities (e.g., information meetings, friendship circles, and workshops). Although the program was not developed to specifically target HIV risk behaviors, women showed significant increases in sexual communication comfort, were less likely to maintain traditional sexual gender norms, and reported changes in decision-making power. Targeting broader sociocultural issues may increase the necessary skills for Latina women to prevent HIV infection from their sexual partners. Successful collaborations between scientists and providers are critical in developing effective, community-relevant interventions.


Author(s):  
Maura Toro-Morn

This chapter examines the labor disruptions faced by low-wage undocumented Latina immigrant women under the current neoliberal regime by telling the story of Elvira Arellano, a Mexican immigrant who followed the migrant trail of low-wage work in the United States. On August 15, 2007, Arellano traveled to Los Angeles to attend an immigration rally; four days later, she was apprehended by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and deported to Tijuana, Mexico. Arellano's case highlights the criminalization of undocumented immigrants in the the aftermath of 9/11 that has led to a dramatic increase in the number of Latinos sentenced to prison terms in U.S. federal courts. This chapter explores how neoliberal globalization processes in both Mexico and the United States have shaped Arellano's life choices, her agency, and politicization as an undocumented immigrant woman.


Author(s):  
Elmarie Fourie

The world of work has changed and in some instances a realisation now exists that certain forms of work are a reality and not a passing occurrence, and it is of the utmost importance that international regulation provides for this, including work in the informal economy. Specific vulnerable groups and challenges have been identified by international regulators and must now be addressed to extend protection to these workers. International regulation must promote freedom through the enhancement of the capabilities of these workers. International instruments can function as key strategic tools to address inequalities in the workplace by increasing the capabilities of vulnerable groups such as women through empowerment initiatives. The purpose of this contribution is to identify and critically consider the relevant international social security instruments of the ILO and the UN, the impact of international standards, and other global initiatives directed at the social protection of women workers in the informal economy.


Author(s):  
Héctor R. Cordero-Guzmán

This afterword summarizes the issues addressed by the book regarding the current condition and position of immigrant women in the U.S. economy. It highlights several of the book's significant contributions that set it apart from other works in the fields of gender, migration, and low-wage work. Drawing on a number of case studies, the book has explored the lived experiences of low-wage immigrant women and the ways in which they have been impacted by neoliberal globalization, flexibilization, and informality. It has investigated the emerging sectors of the informal economy and their increasingly intricate connection to the formal economy and the personal services sector, as well as the changing nature, character, and role of evolving ethnic enclaves in both providing opportunities for low-wage women and allowing exploitation, marginalization, and abuse to become rampant and intolerable for the workers. This afterword discusses some concrete implications of the book's findings for research on and policies regarding low-wage women and work.


2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Easter ◽  
Susan Shaw ◽  
Ema Barbosa ◽  
Margaret E. Bentley

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn E. Anderson ◽  
Melissa R. Donovick ◽  
Elisa C. Devargas ◽  
Yolanda Valenzuela

Author(s):  
Vidhya Venugopal ◽  
Rekha Shanmugam ◽  
Priscilla Johnson ◽  
Rebekah Ann Isabel Lucas ◽  
Kristina Jakobsson

In the past few decades, increasingly blistering heat due to climate change has created more illnesses and claimed more lives worldwide, an issue mostly ignored because it's an invisible hazard and hard-to-document disaster. Victims are usually vulnerable populations, including workers exposed on a daily basis to heat, who not only suffer from heat illnesses but also from an exacerbation of existing health problems aggravated by heat and dehydration. Research has proved that heat is a higher risk for female workers, who are affected far more often than their male counterparts. India’s informal economy is dominated by the female workforce and many informal workplaces have minimal welfare facilities including toilets. One of the modifiable factors that influence workplace psychology is the lack of access to a private toilet. To avoid embarrassment or harassment, many women refrain from drinking water during the day in order to limit their trips to the toilet, a potentially deadly strategy during hot seasons which has adverse health consequences. A global trend especially in developing nations evidences a higher number of women entering the workforce. With this trend and rising temperatures, the issue is expected to escalate to significant proportions unless workplace interventions and policy level actions are taken at a national level to protect women workers.


Author(s):  
Shruti Kalyanaraman

Informal economy includes varied set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers. The economy typically consists of enterprises and/or people that are not regulated or protected by the state. The concept originally applied to self-employment in small unregistered enterprises. It has been expanded to include wage employment in unprotected jobs. A home-based self-employed women worker can be involved as a fashion designer, a tiffin service provider, a home tutor, a person working with vendors, selling and reselling apparel, accessories to name a few. Informal self-employment is very large and heterogeneous as a category itself. There are different people working within in an informally self-employed category. The review tries to understand home based business women within the ambit of informal employment. The focus of research turns to technological advancement, social media and its impact on womens economic and business efforts. The review, using a feminist lens, understands academic researches on womens economic efforts. The reviews focus will largely be owners and own account (individually run enterprises) women workers of informal enterprises in urban areas which for ease of reference, I have termed as home-based self-employed urban woman.


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