Peculiarities of alcohol consumption in female urban population of different social and professional status

The aim of the work is to study the prevalence of alcohol consumption and features of alcoholic behavior among working urban women with different professional and social status. The situation with the involvement of various groups of women in alcohol consumption is analyzed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative long – term studies conducted by the team of Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behavior of ISRAS – FCTAS RAS. The article analyzes the features of alcoholic behavior – the regularity and intensity of alcohol consumption, the structure of consumed alcoholic beverages – among women leaders, specialists with higher education without subordinates, women employees and workers of various qualifications. The main motives of alcohol consumption in these groups were revealed. It is shown that, despite the recorded positive trend of recent years towards a decrease in alcoholism among women in large cities, the nature of alcohol consumption in some socio-professional groups of women has changed significantly. Business women with a high social status who drink alcohol have a heavier alcohol habits. The article considered the influence of the epidemic of coronavirus infection and the self-isolation regimeintroduced by the government of the Russian Federation in spring of 2020 on alcoholic behavior of women with different socio-professional status. It was found that according to many indicators of alcoholic behavior, business women represent a high-risk group. The factors contributing to the alcoholization of business women are identified, the role of alcohol in their life, the motives of consumption are considered. It is shown that significant factors of alcoholization of business women and women-leaders are the need to follow the business culture with its inherent practice of alcohol consumption, the desirability of a woman’s compliance with opposing social norms, as well as work stress. In an effort to adapt to the current difficult conditions, business women resort to alcohol.

Self-Employed Women in Europe: Lack of Opportunity or Forced by Necessity?

The gender gap in self-employment is one of the most resilient in labour participation. While for some, this gap is the result of women’s lack of opportunities to become self-employed, for others, it reflects women’s preference to stay in paid employment. This article investigates the motivations behind women’s decision (either from opportunity or necessity) to start a business in 17 European countries. Results from the analysis suggest that individual resources are fundamental in explaining women’s motivations to become entrepreneurs. The type of gender regime and the economic situation in their country also play a role in women’s decisions to start a business. Women are more likely to be driven due to opportunity in dual-earner gender regimes than elsewhere, and high levels of unemployment produced by the economic crisis have boosted women’s self-employment from necessity. These findings are discussed in relation to the gender gap in self-employment.

Perbedaan Keragaman Pangan, Pola Asuh Makan, dan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro pada Balita dari Ibu Bekerja dan Ibu Tidak Bekerja

Background: Toddlers are a group that is vulnerable to experiencing nutritional problems. The nutritional status of toddlers is very dependent on the role of caregivers, especially mothers. Business women have less time together with toddlers so that it will have an impact on mothers' attention to the growth and development of toddlers, child feeding patterns, food diversity, and macro-nutrient intake of toddlers. Research in Padang states that business women have a 1,3 times risk of experiencing malnutrition in children. Purpose: Know the differences in child feeding patterns, food diversity, and macro nutrient intake in toddlers from business women and housewife. Method: The design of this study was an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted on medium socioeconomic housing in Banyumas Regency. The sample are toddlers aged 12-59 months as many as 78 toddlers, taken using total sampling techniques. Data were statistically tested using independent T tests. Results: The results of study showed no differences in child feeding patterns (p = 0.605), food diversity (p = 0.767), energy intake (p = 0.483), protein intake (p = 0.806), fat intake (p = 0.787) and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.337) in toddlers from business women and housewife. Conclusions: There were no differences in child feeding patterns, food diversity, and macro nutrient intake in toddlers from business women and housewife.

Analisis Pengaruh Mental Blocking Terhadap Berpikir Analitis Dan Kritis Dalam Kegiatan Promosi

Failure in promotional activities if not well managed will make business people in some condition that is known as mental blocking. This research design is descriptive research into secondary data with cross sectional approach which was held to understand the impact of mental blocking toward analytical and critical thinking in micro and small enterprise promotion activities. This research location was in Padang by collecting 229 research questionnaires from micro and small business women from July 28th 2020 to August 7th 2020 with 5% error rate. We can conclude that there was negative relationship between mental blocking and analytical and critical thinking with R -0.62. On the same hand, this research finding is that mental blocking have no significant impact toward analytical and critical thinking where R2is 4 percent. This was due to majority in scoring distribution of mental blocking aspect were in low level while majority in scoring distribution of analytical and critical thinking in higher level. This study suggested that future researcher must simplified the research scale and deeper analysis in finding other variable.

Women Entrepreneurs in India: Combating with the Gender Bias

In developed countries women actively participate in business and other activities without any social and other restrictions. However, in a developing country like India, the situation is different for women. Women are generally perceived as home makers with little to do with economy or commerce. The present study aims to look into how the notion is changing over time with more number of women coming forth to the business arena with ideas to start small and medium enterprises. They consider entrepreneurship to be rewarding and regard it as an alternative to limited options to career advancement. At the same time it also draws attention to the fact that transition from homemaker to sophisticated business women is not an easy task as women are continuously discriminated against. Women entrepreneurs not only contribute to improving their own economic welfare but add to the economic and social fabric of society through job creation, innovative products, processes and services. Thus, they act as an important human resource of the nation and can be utilized as mediators of economic growth and development. The study emphasizes that the country should recognize the need for women to be part of the mainstream economic development and help to promote a more enabling environment for women’s entrepreneurship.

Menstrual Cups: The Sustainable Future for Women Hygiene in India

In India, the usage of Menstrual Cups is comparatively limited. The study focuses on the acceptability, affordability, accessibility and awareness of Menstrual Cups amongst Indian women in the menstruating age. An assessment of the Knowledge, Aptitude, Practice and Behaviour (KAPB) of Menstrual Cups was done. The sampled data received from various parts of the country, after exclusions, included 397 responses. The average age of the respondents was 24 years where most of them were students and were from urban dwelling. From the results, it was inferred that menstrual cups users were in favour with their experiences with 79% reporting menstrual cups to be comfortable and 82% of the users found menstrual cups to be cheaper compared to other menstrual products, 61% of the users reported menstrual cups to be easy to adapt. For monthly expenditure of sanitary products, menstrual cups were more cost efficient as users spent an average of Rs 0-100 in comparison to other Sanitary Products where users spent an average of Rs 100-300. Disposable Sanitary pads was the most used sanitary product by non-menstrual cup users. 29.6% of the respondents are willing to switch to menstrual cups and 45.4% of the respondents are not sure if they want to switch to menstrual cups. The reasons for non-usage of menstrual cups was mostly comfort (32%), limited knowledge (25%) and accessibility (15%). Homemakers scored high on Practice and Behaviour questions while Business women scored high on Knowledge and Aptitude questions. Both users and non-users recommended conducting awareness drives in the form of seminars focusing on clarifying myths and taboos related to menstrual cups. A change in favor of menstrual cups could be made possible by targeted pricing and advertising

Gender Diversity

Gender diversity is a new and challenging issue of research in business. Women on boards are a heavily discussed topic in developed countries, though this issue has recently appeared to gain the attention of researchers in developing economies as well. However, research on gender diversity in Malaysia is limited. This study aims to examine whether female directors on boards can affect firm performance based on selected public listed companies in Malaysia. In examining the effect of gender diversity on firm performance, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis tests are employed using economic value added (EVA) as a measurement tool. This study found no relationship between gender diversity and firm performance. Given this, future studies should try to consider other aspects of corporate governance.

LA MUJER EMPRENDEDORA EN EL TURISMO RURAL: PECULIARIDADES DEL CASO COSTARRICENSE A TRAVÉS DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la mujer emprendedora en el turismo rural en Costa Rica, enmarcándola en el contexto latinoamericano y en el de las emprendedoras rurales. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se define el perfil de las empresarias, sus motivaciones y las barreras que enfrentan. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto las importantes similitudes entre las emprendedoras turísticas rurales costarricenses con el resto de las emprendedoras en Latinoamérica y del mundo. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las emprendedoras dentro del marco del turismo rural, esencial para el desarrollo económico del país. This article analyzes the phenomenon of entrepreneurial women in rural tourism in Costa Rica, framed within the Latin-American and rural entrepreneurship context. Using a systematic literature review, the profile of business-women gets defined through their motivations to start their businesses and the barriers they face. The results show the important similarities between Costa Rican rural tourism entrepreneurs and other female entrepreneurs in Latin America and the world. This study contributes to the knowledge of these entrepreneurs within the framework of rural tourism, essential for the economic development of developing countries.

The Position Of Nongovernmental Offices In Supporting Business Women

This article is devoted to women who have been starting their business and supporting them in financial sphere by government in Uzbekistan, there is special model such as Business woman association and Shark ayoli. Here is given fruitful information about these associations in this article.

The entrepreneurial orientation of women entrepreneurs in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area as a path to sustainability

This work shows the results obtained on a study done to women entrepreneurs of SME located in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (ZMG), Mexico, with respect to the systematization of business practices oriented to Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO). The theoretical basis was the Business Women, focused at Latin America, the SME behavior in Mexico, and in this way to understand, through these, if they are aimed at business sustainability. The methodology used was a quantitative analysis through to apply a survey of own development to the business women owning of the one SME in the ZMG. The sample was of 48 questionnaires, which included the profile of the businesswoman, and where 33 sustainable development practices. The results obtained through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings were found that the sustainable development practices developed are not adequate, and that the EO practices that they should have, are below what is desired, showing there are some disadvantages in these practices so that the sustainability of these companies are at risk.