Constructing a Region of Christian Free Enterprise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fones-Wolf ◽  
Ken Fones-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Promised Land

This chapter traces the emergence of a Christian free enterprise vision for the South at the end of the war. For evangelical businessmen, the region seemed a new promised land for growth and investment with a hard-working, low-wage labor force. Christian free-enterprise ideology meshed easily with the goals of corporate executives hoping to take advantage of the lower wages and conservative politics of the South. Moreover, The South was a bulwark against the further spread of liberal, New Deal politics. Meanwhile, for white Protestant evangelicals, Christian free enterprise could protect the region against the threats that modernism and state-centered bureaucracies posed to the southern way of life.

scholarly journals Amateur surfing on the south coast of São Paulo: lifestyle and work as factors of adherence to practice

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Marinovic Doro ◽  
◽  
Vinícius Demarchi Silva Terra ◽  
Império Lombardi Junior
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
South Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

In the present study, we dealt with the relationship between lifestyle and adherence to the physical activity and discussed the conditions that make it possible for amateur to remain in a complex practice as surfing. For these purpose, we interviewed eleven surfers with over eleven years of uninterrupted practice on the South Coast of São Paulo. Through an analysis of the interviews content, it was possible to verify that their permanence is less influenced by gender issues, age and marital status (usually prioritized in the literature about this subject) than employment conditions. It is argued that adherence to surfing is linked to lifestyle and youth ideals, while the conditions for the continuity of the amateurs practice involves the family and employment ties, whose stability gives security to the routine and modulates the possibilities between social times and nature times. Thus, mature surfers narrate a way of life that values prudent attitudes as a way of redefining surfing in their lives, pointing out to a transformation of surf culture. It is considered that the relationship between permanence in practice and job stability deserves to be investigated in future studies

The significance of Drought, Disease and Famine in the agriculturally marginal zones of West-Central Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
African History ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
West Central ◽  
Marginal Zones ◽  
To Receive

Some 170 references to drought and disease along the south-western coast of Central Africa between 1550 and 1830 suggest that climatic and epidemiological factors motivated the farmers and herders of West-Central Africa in historically significant ways. Nearly all references come from documentary sources and so bear primarily on conditions in the drier and less fertile areas near Luanda and to the south, where African reactions would have been strongest.While minor shortages of rain occurred too frequently to receive much explicit attention in the documents, longer droughts spread more widely every decade or so and attracted notice. Major periods of dryness, extending for seven years or more and touching all parts of the region, occurred perhaps once each century and produced comments throughout the documentation.Localized minor droughts hardly disrupted the lives of Africans, who had presumably devised agricultural and pastoral strategies to take account of such ordinary climatic variation. Two-or three-year rainfall shortages produced banditry and warfare that often attracted Portuguese military retaliation. Major droughts disrupted polities and societies and hence coincided with major turning points in West-Central African history in the late sixteenth and late eighteenth centuries. In the earlier case, agricultural failures produced the famed ‘Jaga’ or Imbangala warriors, who elevated pillage to a way of life and who joined the Portuguese in establishing the Angolan slave trade. The later, protracted drought from 1784 to 1793 coincided with the historic peak of slave exports from West-Central Africa.

Work Relief and the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in 1940

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aldrich Finegan ◽  
Robert A. Margo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Added Worker Effect ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Relief

Economic analysis of the labor supply of married women has long emphasized the impact of the unemployment of husbands—the added worker effect. This article re-examines the magnitude of the added worker effect in the waning years of the Great Depression. Previous studies of the labor supply of married women during this period failed to take account of various institutional features of New Deal work relief programs, which reduced the size of the added worker effect.

You Can’t Eat Scenery

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Jason G. Strange
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Back To The Land

The second of three chapters exploring the history of homesteading in the area around Berea, Kentucky, chapter 3 presents the story of rural subsistence from the late 1800s up to the economic boom generated by World War II. The chapter is framed in terms of the “parable of enclosure”--the idea that yeoman farmers would not voluntarily trade independent livelihood for capitalist wage labor--and argues that as industry and technology generated ever more advanced consumer goods (for example, refrigerators, radios, antibiotics), the peasant way of life became outmoded; once wage labor became available in the factories of the north, millions of Appalachians left the mountains. But, as the chapter documents, some chose to return to a homesteading life, forming an overlooked back-to-the-land movement.

How Texas Turned Red

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The South ◽  
Dormant State ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter explains how Texas came to align with the Republican Party. Texas is now the essential Republican state, but for most of its history it was part of the solid Democratic South. In the mid-twentieth century, the Texas Democratic Party divided into liberal and conservative factions—partly over race and civil rights but also over a range of questions including New Deal economic policies and anti-communism. Texas Democrats engaged in what V. O. Key called the most intense intraparty fight of any state in the South. The long-dormant state Republican Party began to revive in the 1960s as many Texans became alienated from a national Democratic Party that was shifting to the left. Republican gains produced a period of balanced two-party competition that lasted from the 1970s through the 1990s. By the early 2000s, the GOP established dominance, making Texas the nation’s largest and most powerful Republican state.

Labor Contracting in Turn-of-the-Century California Agriculture

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hallagan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
The South ◽  
Japanese Immigrants ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
California Agriculture

During the course of U.S. economic development, the institutions used to organize agricultural labor have undergone interesting and sometimes puzzling transformations. The transitions from wage contracting to tenancy observed in the post-bellum South and in nineteenth-century Iowa have been studied extensively.2 This paper evaluates the relatively neglected transition from wage labor to tenancy that occurred in the California fruit orchards during the period 1900–1910.3 Before 1903 Chinese and Japanese orchard workers were organized via the padrone system of wage labor, but in an abrupt series of events there ensued a shift into tenancy so dramatic that by 1909 contemporary observers noted that virtually all orchards were under tenant control. The fact that the new tenants were recent Japanese immigrants prompted investigations by the Immigration Commission as well as other agencies so that this particular shift into tenancy is documented in greater detail than those occurring in the South and in Iowa.

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