scholarly journals Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Survival Rate and Growth Per-formance of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Abdalbast H. Fadel ◽  
Awad J. Lamin ◽  
Randa Rajab Ali ◽  
Karema A. Momen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Guppy Fish ◽  
Density Rate

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth response of guppy Poecilia reticulata to different dietary protein levels. A total of 72 fry of guppy fish of an initial body weight 0.365± 0.01g were distributed randomly into 60 L aquaria at the density rate of 0.05 g/L. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily for eight weeks with diets containing different dietary protein levels (20%, 30%, or 40%.). The survival rate of guppy was unaffected by increasing dietary protein levels. At the end of the experiment, weight gains (g) ranging from 1.93 to 3.55 were obtained corresponding to 20% and 40% crude protein respectively. The growth performance and feeding efficiencies were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by increasing dietary protein levels. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the specific growth rate of fish that were fed 20% and 30% dietary protein levels. The value of the condition factor was significantly high in fish fed at 40% dietary protein. It can be concluded that a 40% dietary protein level is recommended for guppy fish.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Altunok ◽  
Osman Özden
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chelon Labrosus

Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.

The response of early-weaned pigs to various protein levels in a high energy diet

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Protein Diets

SUMMARYThirty-six male piglets weaned at 20 days of age were allocated to an initial slaughter group and to five dietary treatments with proteinlevels of 15·0, 17·2, 19·1, 21·4 and 23·2% crude protein at a common energy level of approximately 3·6 Meal digestible energy/kg. All diets were offered ad libitum and growth response was compared between 5 and 20 kg and 10 and 20 kg live weight. In both periods there were significant improvements in growth and the food conversion ratio from 15·0 to 17·2%, and 17·2 to 19·1% crude protein. Between 10 and 20 kg live weight dietary protein levels above 19·1% were associated with a depression in growth. Carcass protein increased and ether-extractable material decreased with increased dietary protein over the entire range studied. Retention of digestible nitrogen was maximized on the lower protein diets. Conversion of food into carcass lean was maximized on the two highest protein diets.

scholarly journals DOES K-DIFORMATE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES GROWTH AND DIET STAIBLITY OF JUVENILE WHITE SHRIMP(LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou Amadou Ly ◽  
◽  
Ann-Chung Cheng ◽  
Wai-Leong Cheah ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Water Ph

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of potassium diformate (K-diformate) supplementation in two protein levels on growth, food conversion and survival in juvenile white shrimp, litoppenaeusvannamei.Two dietary protein levels, 41% dietary protein(CP41) and 37% dietary protein(CP37) was formulated and supplemented of graded K-diformate levels 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.4% and 2.0%.Post larvae white shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) of initial mean weight 0.82±0.08g were randomly stocked in 45 aquarium tanks with a working volume of 50 L (60×40×30 cm ) at a stocking density of 10 shrimps per aquarium.The result of this study did not show significant difference in percentage weight gain and survival rate among shrimps fed CP41 and CP37 with graded K-diformate supplemented diet. No K-diformate dose response was observed at the end of the study. The results of present study proof that K-diformate supplemented diet do not affect water pH and feeding diet stability in water.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

scholarly journals Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tao ◽  
Bo Deng ◽  
Qizhi Yuan ◽  
Xiaoming Men ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Low protein diets are commonly used in the growing-finishing pig stage of swine production; however, the effects of low dietary protein on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, and their association with pig sex, remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a low crude protein (CP) diet on the gut microbiome and metabolome, and to reveal any relationship with sex. Barrows and gilts (both n = 24; initial body = 68.33 ± 0.881 kg) were allocated into two treatments according to sex. The four groups comprised two pairs of gilts and barrows fed with a high protein diet (CP 17% at stage I; CP 13% at stage II) and a low protein diet (CP 15% at stage I; CP 11% at stage II), respectively, for 51 d. Eight pigs in each group were slaughtered and their colon contents were collected. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The low protein diet increased intestinal microbiota species and richness indices (P &lt; 0.05) in both sexes compared with the high protein diet. The sample Shannon index was different (P &lt; 0.01) between barrows and gilts. At the genus level, unidentified Clostridiales (P &lt; 0.05), Neisseria (P &lt; 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P &lt; 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P &lt; 0.05) were affected by dietary protein levels. The relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was different (P &lt; 0.01) between barrows and gilts. The influence of dietary protein levels on Neisseria (P &lt; 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P &lt; 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P &lt; 0.05) were associated with sex. Metabolomic profiling indicated that dietary protein levels mainly affected intestinal metabolites in gilts rather than barrows. A total of 434 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in gilts fed the two protein diets. Correlation analysis identified that six differentially abundant microbiota communities were closely associated with twelve metabolites that were enriched for amino acids, inflammation, immune, and disease-related metabolic pathways. These results suggested that decreasing dietary protein contents changed the intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs, which selectively affected the intestinal metabolite profiles in gilts.

scholarly journals Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramesh ◽  
K. Dube ◽  
A. K. Reddy ◽  
P. V. Rangacharyulu ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) is considered as one of the candidate species for diversification of aquaculture. However, only scanty information is available on its nutrient requirements. Hence, the present study was conducted on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba fry in response to different dietary protein levels. Six semi-purified isocaloric diets were formulated with different levels of protein at 5% increments (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) and fed to different groups of pengba fry for a period of 60 days. Survival of fish was significantly influenced by different protein levels (p<0.05). The highest weight gain% and specific growth rate (4.17% day-1) was obtained at 45% protein level which thereafter declined. The best feed conversion ratio (1.46) was observed at 45% protein level and the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.14) was obtained at 25% protein levelwith significant difference (p<0.05). The crude protein content of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein levels (p<0.05) and highest was recorded at 45% protein diet. Moisture, ether extract and ash content did not show significant (p>0.05) variation among dietary treatments. The activity of proteolytic enzymes (proteases, typsin and chymotrypsin) and acid phosphatase were signicantly (p<0.05) enhanced by dietary protein levels up to 45%, which were found to decline thereafter. Amylase activity was significantly decreased as protein levels increased in the diet. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not influenced by dietary protein levels. In the present study, penbga fry fed with 45% protein diet, showed the best growth performance and highest digestive enzyme activities. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut clearly demonstrated that the proteolytic enzymes are activated in response to dietary protein utilisation and also revealed that pengba fry may require high protein (45%) diet for better growth and survival. Second order polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum protein requirement of pengba fry was 45.1% (r2 = 0.90). The findings of the study is expected to have significant implications for feed development for pengba aquaculture.

scholarly journals Semen characteristics and testosterone profiles of Yankasa rams fed graded levels of dietary protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Taiwo Kamar-deen Bello ◽  
Peter Ibrahim Rekwot ◽  
Joseph Olusegun Ayo ◽  
Balkisu Banke Oyelowo ◽  
Armiyau Mada Khumran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Group B

AbstractThe increasing demand of the feed market for protein has necessitated the need to look for and use other sources of this nutrient. Cottonseed cake and palm kernel cakes are used extensively for supplementing ruminant rations to increase their productivity. The efficiency of sperm production, libido and quality of spermatozoa tend to remain uniform throughout the reproductive life of an animal but may be significantly altered by nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of graded levels of protein on semen characteristics, and serum testosterone profile in Yankasa rams. Fifteen rams aged between 18–24 months and weighing 15–25 kg with good body condition scores (3.5) were used in this study. They were divided into three treatment groups (A, B and C) according to the dietary protein level. Group A (n = 5) received 10 %, group B (n = 5) received 15 % while group C (n = 5) received 20 % combined crude protein of cotton seed and palm kernel cakes, respectively. Semen samples were collected weekly using battery-controlled electro ejaculator. Serum samples were harvested using a Pasteur pipette into serum vials and stored at −20 °C for analysis. These samples were from a representative animal in each group for determination of testosterone profiles using ELISA technique at weeks 1, 6 and 12. Data collected were expressed as means and standard error of the mean (± SEM). Significance of differences between treatments means were estimated at P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). From this study, it was concluded that rams fed concentrate of 15 % crude protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes combined had improved semen characteristics in terms of semen concentration, motility, live sperm cells and morphology, but the crude protein levels had no effects on testosterone concentrations.

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