A Note on the Distribution of Syzygium neesianum Arn. (Myrtaceae) from India

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
◽  
Anantha Lakshmi M. ◽  
Mehala Devi Ramasamy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coorg District ◽  
Photo Image

Syzygium neesianum Arn., a Myrtaceous tree species is reported for the first time for Karnataka from South Canara and Coorg district. A brief description along with photo image of the herbarium specimenis provided herewith for further study.

Clonal propagation through stem cuttings and air layering in Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston an endemic tree Species of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain ◽  
C. Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats

Rooting trials conducted with stem cuttings and air layering in Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston, an important medicinal and fruit plant gave promising results after treatment with auxins such as IAA, IBA and NAA in different concentrations. Both stem cuttings and air layering from 10 year old plants have resulted a maximum rooting of 80% and 70% respectively through the application of IBA-1000ppm, in their natural habitats. The plants developed from stem cuttings and air layering was also survived with 90% success. Thus the standardized clonal propagation method in S. caryophyllatum through stem cutting and air layering reported for the first time can be taken as an ideal tool for the multiplication and subsequent resource base utilization of the species since the populations are prone to endangerment in its habitats.

Ascomycetes (Fungi) from the relic forest of Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana in eastern Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
TANIA RAYMUNDO ◽  
RICARDO VALENZUELA ◽  
YENITZE GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO BRAVO-ÁLVAREZ ◽  
JULIO CÉSAR RAMÍREZ-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
First Time

An intensive recollection of Ascomycetes was carried out within the best-known preserved Mexican tropical montane cloud forest patch dominated by Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana. This relict tree species has a fragmented and restricted distribution in the mountains of eastern Mexico. Other Mexican endemic Fagaceae species show dominance in this forest patch. Historically, records of Ascomycetes fungi in this type of forest are scarce. The present study found 170 specimens belonging to 61 species, of which 30 are new records for the state, while 10 species are cited for the first time in the country. Most of the recorded Ascomycetes species are intimately associated to Fagaceae tree species (Fagus and Quercus). From these, many are endophytes belonging to the Order Xylariales, while others grow on decaying wood, fallen branches, leaves and/or litter (possibly mycorrhizal). This interesting close relationship between fungi and Fagaceae trees must be studied and analyzed.

scholarly journals Diverse Bacteria Inhabit Living Hyphae of Phylogenetically Diverse Fungal Endophytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 4063-4075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele T. Hoffman ◽  
A. Elizabeth Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Both the establishment and outcomes of plant-fungus symbioses can be influenced by abiotic factors, the interplay of fungal and plant genotypes, and additional microbes associated with fungal mycelia. Recently bacterial endosymbionts were documented in soilborne Glomeromycota and Mucoromycotina and in at least one species each of mycorrhizal Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Here we show for the first time that phylogenetically diverse endohyphal bacteria occur in living hyphae of diverse foliar endophytes, including representatives of four classes of Ascomycota. We examined 414 isolates of endophytic fungi, isolated from photosynthetic tissues of six species of cupressaceous trees in five biogeographic provinces, for endohyphal bacteria using microscopy and molecular techniques. Viable bacteria were observed within living hyphae of endophytic Pezizomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes from all tree species and biotic regions surveyed. A focus on 29 fungus/bacterium associations revealed that bacterial and fungal phylogenies were incongruent with each other and with taxonomic relationships of host plants. Overall, eight families and 15 distinct genotypes of endohyphal bacteria were recovered; most were members of the Proteobacteria, but a small number of Bacillaceae also were found, including one that appears to occur as an endophyte of plants. Frequent loss of bacteria following subculturing suggests a facultative association. Our study recovered distinct lineages of endohyphal bacteria relative to previous studies, is the first to document their occurrence in foliar endophytes representing four of the most species-rich classes of fungi, and highlights for the first time their diversity and phylogenetic relationships with regard both to the endophytes they inhabit and the plants in which these endophyte-bacterium symbiota occur.

scholarly journals First report of a strict dragon tree species (Dracaena cambodiana: Asparagaceae) from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Jatindra Sarma ◽  
Hussain Ahmed Barbhuiya ◽  
Santanu Dey
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Dracaena Cambodiana ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Red List Categories ◽  
First Time

Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep., a dragon tree species, is reported here for the first time from India. Its taxonomic relationships with other closely related species of genus Dracaena Vand. ex L. are examined and discussed. A detailed taxonomic description, along with color photographs is provided to facilitate its future identification. Recent surveys confirm that the habitat and regional population of the plant is under severe threat. Hence, following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, it is regionally categorized as Critically Endangered. 

Redescription of Basiria gracilis (Thorne, 1949) Siddiqi, 1963 (Rhabditida, Tylenchidae) from South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4758 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
EBRAHIM SHOKOOHI ◽  
JOAQUÍN ABOLAFIA ◽  
PHATU WILLIAM MASHELA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
North West ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
First Time

Basiria gracilis is redescribed from North West Province, South Africa, associated with willow (Salix sp.), which is a dominant ornamental tree species in the province. B. gracilis is characterised by its female body length (692–994 µm), lateral field with two longitudinal incisures, weakly cuticularised labial framework, high lip region lacking annuli, stylet 8–13 µm long, axial spermatheca filled with small rounded sperm, conical-elongated female tail with round to pointed terminus (103–146 µm, c=6.1–7.4, c’=8.8–12.1). Morphologically, B. gracilis is closely related to B. paragracilis but the taxa are differentiated on the basis of lip region and stylet morphology. In addition, B. gracilis is reported for the first time from South Africa. Line drawings, LM and SEM illustrations are given for the species. 

scholarly journals Do root modules still exist after they die?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Li ◽  
Chengming You ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Bo Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Belowground Processes ◽  
Picea Asperata ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The terminal branch orders of plant root systems are increasingly known as an ephemeral module. This concept is crucial to recognize belowground processes. However, it is unknown if root modules still exist after they die? Methods The decomposition patterns of the first five root orders were observed for 3 years using a branch-order classification, a litter-bag method and sequential sampling in a common subalpine tree species (Picea asperata) of southwestern China. Results Two root modules were observed during the 3-year incubation. Among the first five branch orders, the first three order roots exhibited temporal patterns of mass loss, nutrients and stoichiometry distinct from their woody mother roots throughout the experimental period. This study, for the first time, reported the decomposition pattern of each individual root order and found a similar decomposition dynamic among ephemeral root branches in a forest tree species. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that root modules may also exist after death, while more data are needed for confirmation. The findings may further advance our understanding of architecture-associated functional heterogeneity in the fine-root system and also improve our ability to predict belowground processes.

The distribution and biology of the genus Coptotermes (Isoptera) in Western Australia.

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Calaby ◽  
FJ Gay
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Wide Zone

Knowledge of the distribution and biology in Western Australia of species of Coptotermes has been very incomplete and in some respects erroneous, due partly to a lack of collecting and partly to the fact that the genus is notoriously difficult taxonomically. This genus, which includes the most destructive Australian termites, is represented in the State by four species and one subspecies. The form raffrayi previously thought to be a good species occurring sympatrically with acinaciformis is shown to be a subspecies of the latter form intergrading with it through a wide zone of intermediate forms and replacing it geographically in the wetter south-western corner of the State. C. michaelseni is restricted to south-western Australia and previous records from South Australia, Victoria, and Queensland are shown or considered to be misidentifications of C. frenchi. C. frenchi is definitely recorded from Western Australia for the first time. The separation of these two species by microscopical measurements is discussed. The fourth species is the recently discovered and described C. brunneus. The known Western Australian distributions of all species except C. brunneus are given. New biological data for all species are recorded, particularly on tree species attacked, dispersal of alates, and construction of mounds. C. acinaciformis builds symmetrical domed mounds in parts of southern Western Australia. Mound nests had not previously been recorded in 'the State and they differ considerably in construction from those recorded from the Northern Territory and north Queensland. C. frenchi is here definitely recorded as a mound builder. The mound-building habit erroneously attributed in the literature to C. michaelseni is shown to be due to the confusion of this species with frenchi. Photographs of mounds of C. acinaciformis raffrayi, C. frenchi, and C. brunneus are published for the first time.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of Phytophthora species found in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Lassaâd Belbahri ◽  
Justyna A. Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isolated Species

AbstractPathogens ofPhytophthoragenus are common not only in forest nurseries and stands, but also in water courses. Species ofPhytophthoraspread with plants for plantings (and soil attached to them) and with water courses as well, attacking the plants growing in riparian ecosystems. Several specialized organisms damaging only one tree species were identified likeP. alnion alders orP. quercinaon oaks. SomePhytophthoraspecies can develop on several hosts likeP. plurivoraandP. cactorumon oaks, beeches, alders, ashes and horse chestnuts. Other oomycetes likeP. gallicaspecies was found for the first time in Poland in water used for plant watering in forest nursery. SpeciesP. lacustrisandP. gonapodyideswere found in superficial water.PhytophthoraspeciesP. polonicawas identified in the declining alder stands for the first time in the world, andP. taxonhungaricaandP. megaspermawere found in the rhizosphere of seriously damaged ash stands for the first time in Poland. The most often isolated species wereP. plurivora(clade 2) with frequency 37% andP. lacustriswith frequency 33% (clade 6). The best represented clade 6 revealed the occurrence of 6 species:P. gonapodyides, P. lacustris, P. megasperma, P.sp.raspberry,P.taxonhungaricaandP.taxon oak soil.

Mycelial disturbance stimulates the formation of sporomes of edible ectomycorrizhal fungi associated with two neotropical pines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Alfonso Villegas Olivera ◽  
Jesus Perez-Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Sánchez Viveros ◽  
Magdalena Martínez Reyes ◽  
Gerardo Alvarado Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Pinus Greggii ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Edible Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pine Species

Objective: To determine the effect of mycelial disturbance on the formation of sporomesof two edible ectomycorrhizal fungi of great biocultural relevance in Mexico (Laccarialaccata and Hebeloma leucosarx) associated to two Neotropical pines with economicand ecological importance, Pinus greggii and P. montezumae.Design/Methodology/Approach: Spore inoculum was produced using ground pilei ofthe evaluated ectomycorrhizal fungi; each pine plant was inoculated with 10 7 to 10 8fungal spores. A completely randomized experimental design was used with fourtreatments and six replicates per treatment for each pine species, having a total of 48experimental units, each one consisting in an inoculated tree. During two years thesporome production was evaluated in the treatments with and without mycelialdisturbance. The duration of the experiment, since seed germination, was 5 years.Results: The mycelial disturbance originated a higher formation of sporomes in bothfungal species, regardless of the associated tree species. The highest sporomeformation was recorded in plants inoculated with H. leucosarx compared to those inoculated with L. laccata in both pine species. Mycelial disturbance, originated a highernumber of sporomes in Pinus greggii compared to P. montezumae.Study Limitations/Implications: The evaluation of factors influencing sporomeformation in edible ectomycorrhizal fungi requires long term experiments.Findings/Conclusions: This study shows for the first time that mycelial disturbanceincreases sporome formation in Neotropical ectomycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, adifferential influence of the fungal and tree species on the number of producedsporomes was found. These findings shed some light on potential cultivation methodsfor edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms.

A Novel Agarwood Resin Inducement Method Using Mycotoxins of Selected Fungal Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upul Subasinghe ◽  
R.A.P. Malithi ◽  
S.W. Withanage ◽  
T.H.P.S. Fernando ◽  
D.S. Hettiarachchi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
First Time

Abstract Agarwood is a dark, fragrant, valuable resinous wood produced in Aquilaria and Gyrinops tree species in the family Thymelaeaceae to protect internal tissues from microbial infections. Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are well known to induce agarwood resin formation. This study demonstrated for the first time that agarwood resin formation can be induced by the mycotoxins of A. niger and F. solani. Different volumes of mycotoxins extracted from the ASP-U strain (USJCC-0059) of A. niger and the FUS-U strain (USJCC-0060) of F. solani were inoculated into A. crassna trees at 1 m intervals. The impacts of the inoculations were observed through resin content and constituent analysis at 7 months after inoculation. Resin production due to the mycotoxins of ASP-U and FUS-U was restricted to ±20 cm and ±60 cm, respectively, from the inoculation point. Color of the resinous agarwood varied from yellowish-brown to black. The differences in resin content formation due to the different inoculant volumes of ASP-U and FUS-U were statistically significant, and the average resin contents varied from 0.89%-4.44% and 1.24%-9.20%, respectively. GC-MS analysis detected 27 constituents responsible for the characteristic aroma of agarwood resin. Among them, phenyl butanone, agarofuran, agarospirol, β-caryophyllene, alloaromadendrene oxide and (-)guaiene-1(10),11-diene-15-ol were found in all extracts. These are common in commercially available agarwood induced by fungal species. Hence, we demonstrated that the mycotoxins of specific fungal strains can be used for agarwood production. Therefore, chemically synthesized mycotoxins can be used at commercial-scale, eliminating the difficulties of maintaining live fungal cultures for agarwood production.

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