Studies on Processing of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Ghrit- kumari) Leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Kaushal Kumar ◽  
S. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Natural Preservatives

Indeed, there are great market potential of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Ghrit-kumari) due to their medicinal and cosmetic values. However, the serious problems faced by farmers related to supply of harvested leaves materials after cultivation for industrial extraction and production of juice under a short and specific time of transportation to avoid spoil of materials and protect from decayed condition of leaves. Hence, the cultivation practices of the plant are not being popular although the utilization of leaves by pharmaceutical companies is gradually increasing. To solve the above problems, an analysis on extraction of pulp from leaves and preparation of juice in a small scale level has been carried out useful for the farmers and medicinal plant growers for processing of leaves at plantation site. It has been observed that after harvesting of leaves the boil or warm water is useful to process the leaves for pulp extraction in cold season. The standard percentage of activated charcoal observed in processing of pulp for removal of pigments varies from 12-15 gm/ kg according to pulp. The processing in homogenization, filtration and better preservation and stability of juice different ratio have been analyzed for keeping in good condition up to 180 days and above and the requirement of EDTA is 0.9-1.2gm/kg of pulp. The citric acid required 1.1-1.3 gm/kg for better and good condition of juice. The maintenances of PH of processed material various composition of different preservatives have been assessed. Effects of natural preservatives like lemon and honey to protect juice up to 30 days has been studied and found at least 10:5 ml/100ml respectively in closed container under good storage condition.

scholarly journals Indian medical device sector: insights from patent filing trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita Markan ◽  
Yogmaya Verma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Government ◽  
Patent Filing

In this study, patent application filing trends in India for the last decade (2005–2014) were analysed to understand the medical device patent filing profile. As India is the key emerging market with huge market potential, this study was also undertaken to identify the top medical device companies filing patents in India, the niche technology domains with maximum filings, key gaps in medical device innovation profile and scope for business opportunities. It was observed that patent application filings in the medical device sector during the last 5 years (2009–2013) contributed only to 2% of the total patent applications filed, which may be attributed to nascent medical device sector and lack of Intellectual Property (IP) awareness or funding support for IP filings. The analysis shows increasing trends in medical device patent applications in India, with major share of patent applications being filed from the USA. The Indian applications in this sector contributed only to 17% of the total patent application filings in the last decade. Although foreign players dominate the medical device sector, this study indicates that though at a small scale, Indian applicants are actively filing patents in all key domains of the medical device sector. With the enabling environment being provided by the Government of India with recent policy initiatives such as Startup India, Make in India, 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)and so on and support to start-ups for IP filings, the Indian medical device industry is expected to witness aggressive IP filing and innovation trends and is poised to grow exponentially targeting US$50 billion industry by 2025.

scholarly journals The Trouble with CBD Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Hazekamp
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

In just a few years, cannabidiol (CBD) has become immensely popular around the world. After initially being discovered as an effective self-medication for Dravet syndrome in children, CBD is now sold and used to treat a wide range of medical conditions and lifestyle diseases. The cannabinoid CBD, a non-psychoactive isomer of the more infamous tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is available in a growing number of administration modes, but the most commonly known is CBD oil. There are currently dozens, if not hundreds, of producers and sellers of CBD oils active in the market, and their number is increasing rapidly. Those involved vary from individuals who prepare oils on a small scale for family and (Facebook) friends to compounding pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, and licensed cannabis producers. Despite the growing availability of CBD, many uncertainties remain about the legality, quality, and safety of this new “miracle cure.” As a result, CBD is under scrutiny on many levels, ranging from national health organizations and agricultural lobbyists to the WHO and FDA. The central question is whether CBD is simply a food supplement, an investigational new medicine, or even a narcotic. This overview paper looks into the known risks and issues related to the composition of CBD products, and makes recommendations for better regulatory control based on accurate labeling and more scientifically supported health claims. The intention of this paper is to create a better understanding of the benefits versus the risks of the current way CBD products are produced, used, and advertised.

Evolution of road risk disparities at small-scale level: Example of Belgium

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Eksler ◽  
Sylvain Lassarre
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Level

scholarly journals Survey and Chemo-physiological Assessment of Biochemical Preservatives and Physicochemical Properties of plants used for preservation of fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 4058-4071
Author(s):  
Ojewumi A. W. ◽  
Bamkefa B.A. ◽  
Kuku F. B.
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Natural Preservatives

The rate at which agricultural produce such as fruits are being infected by pests or spoilt as a results of lack of appropriate natural preservatives posed threat to food security and safety in many communities of Ogun State. However, there is need for study that can evaluate natural preservatives and physicochemical properties of some plants. In the present study, survey of indigenous plants commonly used for preservation of fruits was conducted using one hundred structured questionnaires randomly administered on fruit-sellers to elicit information on spoilage as threat affecting sales of fruits in Abeokuta. Also, biochemical constituents and physicochemical properties in the leaves of most plants used for fruits preservation were determined using standard procedure. Data were analysed using Statistical Analysis System. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). Nauclea latifolia, Chromolaena odorata, Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Aloe vera were the plants commonly used for preservation of fruits in the study area. Fruit spoilage (84.0%) was the major threat affecting the sales of fruits in Abeokuta. Saponin (0.68±0.03 mg/100g) and terpenoid (0.22±0.08 mg/100g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in A. indica leaves as well as alkaloid (16.49±0.01 mg/100 g) in M. oleifera leaves. Also, phenol (0.41±0.02 mg/100g) and flavonoid (0.71±0.09mg/100g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in C. odorata and A. vera leaves. Phytate (0.35±0.01 mg/100 g) and oxalate (0.32±0.03 mg/100 g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the leaves of C. odorata. Furthermore, specific gravity of M. oleifera leaves (0.98±0.05) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with leaves of other plants. Iodine value (81.65±0.03 mg/100 g) and acid value (22.72±0.07) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Aloe vera leaves. The study revealed that spoilage was the major challenge facing the sales of fruits in Abeokuta. Also, leaves of the plants contained high proportions of natural preservatives and physicochemical properties. Spoilage was the major challenge facing the sales of fruits, however, leaves of the plants contained high amount of preservative and physicochemical parameters that could be adopted for preservation of fruits.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Composite Solar Walls Integrating Sensible or Latent Heat Thermal Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enghok Leang ◽  
Pierre Tittelein ◽  
Laurent Zalewski ◽  
Stéphane Lassue
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Storage Wall ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solar Wall

This article studies a composite solar wall with latent storage (TES) designed to heat rooms inside buildings during the cold season. No numerical model of the composite solar wall is currently available in the Dymola/Modelica software library. The first objective of this work is to develop one such model. The article describes the elementary components, along with the equations that allow modeling the heat transfers and storage phenomena governing both the thermal behavior and performance of the solar wall. This model was built by assembling various existing basic elements from the software’s “Building” library (e.g., models of heat transfer by convection, radiation and conduction) and then creating new elements, such as the storage element incorporating the phase change material (PCM). To validate this solar wall model, numerical results are compared to experimental data stemming from a small-scale composite solar wall manufactured in our laboratory, and the experimental set-up could be tested under real weather conditions. After verifying the level of confidence in the model, the energy performance of two solar walls, one with a conventional storage wall (sensible heat storage) the other containing a PCM (the same as in the experiment), are compared. The result indicates that the solar wall incorporating a PCM does not in this case release any more energy in the room to be heated.

scholarly journals Developing Workbook Science plus English to Improve Students’ Mastery of Science Content in English

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Stephani Diah Pamelasari ◽  
Melor Md Yunus ◽  
Fidia Fibriana ◽  
Andin Vita Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Instructional Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Product Trial ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Test Result

One of the challenges of teaching English for Science students in Indonesia is the training to comprehend science content in English. They need to have the skill to improve their science development knowledge by exploring it through latest information from scientific journals and text books. In fact, most of the students have limited English proficiency that results in the limited variety source of their literature references. Their pre-test result was not satisfactory by only reaching the average of 67. To overcome the problem, the workbook that integrated English skill and science content was developed to support the learning process. The design of research was Research and Development consisting of conducting need analysis, designing product, expert validation, revising product, trial in small scale level, and using the product in the learning process. The instrument to gather the data was the validation sheet for the expert containing indicators of valid criteria of workbook from the aspect of the material, language and media, the students' response questionnaire related to the use of workbook and science content in English test. The data were analyzed descriptively based on the data obtained from the research. The validation from the experts of language, material and media to produce a valid and feasible product showed that the workbook was feasible to be used as instructional material. The result showed that the expert of material, language and media gave the score of respectively 100, 92 and 92. The workbook also proved to be effective to improve the students' mastery of science content in English material with the average of 80. The workbook entitled Science plus English was designed to revise the previous instructional material and it has never been developed as instructional material. The novelty is the integration of English skill lesson and science content.  

Evaluation of the shelf-life extension and sensory properties of mahewu–A non-alcoholic fermented beverage by adding Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3419-3432
Author(s):  
Mpho Edward Mashau ◽  
Afam Israel Obiefuna Jideani ◽  
Lucy Lynn Maliwichi
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of adding Aloe vera powder (AVP) in the production of mahewu with the aim of determining its shelf-life and sensory qualities.Design/methodology/approachMahewu was produced at home (Sample B) and in the laboratory (Sample C) using a standard home-made procedure with the addition of AVP. A control mahewu (Sample A) was produced without AVP. Shelf-life was determined by following the chemical, microbiological, physical properties at 36 ± 2 °C for 60 days and the sensory properties of the products were also evaluated.FindingsPhysicochemical analysis revealed decreases in pH ranging between 3.3 and 2.4 from day 15–60 days of storage in all three samples. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in titratable acidity (0.2–1.8%) of all mahewu samples during storage. Total soluble solids were different amongst the samples from day 15 to day 60. The colour of the products was significantly different (p = 0.05) with respect to L*, a* and b* throughout the storage period. Microbiological results revealed an increase in coliforms bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast during storage. Sensory analysis showed that the control mahewu was more preferred than AVP added mahewu.Practical implicationsThe study may help small-scale brewers to increase the shelf-life of mahewu.Originality/valueResults of this study showed that the addition of AVP extended shelf-life of mahewu up to 15 days at 36 ± 2 °C.

scholarly journals Polar Lows over the Nordic Seas: Improved Representation in ERA-Interim Compared to ERA-40 and the Impact on Downscaled Simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 2271-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Laffineur ◽  
Chantal Claud ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chaboureau ◽  
Gunnar Noer
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Polar lows are intense high-latitude mesocyclones that form during the cold season over open sea. Their relatively small-scale and short life span lead to a rather poor representation in model outputs and meteorological reanalyses. In this paper, the ability of the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) to represent polar lows over the Norwegian and Barents Sea is assessed, and a comparison with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is provided for three cold seasons (1999–2000 until 2001–02). A better representation in ERA-Interim is found, with 13 systems captured out of the 29 observed, against 6 in the case of ERA-40. Reasons for the lack of representation are identified. Unexpectedly, the representation of different polar low sizes does not appear to be linked to the resolution. Rather, it is the representation of synoptic conditions that appears to be essential. In a second part, a downscaling is conducted using the mesoscale model Méso-NH. For each observed polar low, a pair of simulations is performed: one initialized by ERA-Interim and the other one by ERA-40. An improvement is noted with 22 polar lows represented when ERA-Interim is used. Through a model-to-satellite approach, it is shown that even if polar lows are simulated, convective processes remain insufficiently represented. Wind speeds, which were underestimated in reanalyses, are nevertheless more realistic in the Méso-NH simulations. These results are supported by a spectral analysis of reanalyses and Méso-NH fields.

Stability of beverages of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) with soy

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Nara Tobaldini Frizon ◽  
Camila Augusto Perussello ◽  
José Alfredo Sturion ◽  
Aline Francielle Fracasso ◽  
Rosemary Hoffmann-Ribani
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Constant Viscosity

Purpose – Forasmuch as the consumer’s demand for food products that provide nutrition and health benefits has considerably increased in the past decade, the authors decided to join two important Brazilian commodities in a high-nutrition drink: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in several bioactive compounds, and soybean is a high-quality protein source. To optimize the design and maximize the acceptability of the beverage, the authors studied its stability during storage. The beverage developed allows enlarging of the potential market of yerba mate, taking profit of the growing call for the consumption of antioxidant foods and benefits small-scale producers. Design/methodology/approach – Twelve beverages were formulated with extract of yerba mate from leaves of planted (P) and native trees (N), both enriched with water-soluble soy extract (WSE). Among all formulations, two of them, which were sensorially preferred in a previous study, were selected to investigate their market potential. During the six months of storage, microbiological analyses were performed and the parameters acidity, viscosity, pH and rutin content were assessed. Sensorial tests of acceptability and purchase intent were also conducted. Findings – The drinks remained microbiologically adequate for consumption during six months of storage. High sensory acceptability and purchase intent scores were obtained for Beverage P. This drink resulted in smoother taste and presented a decrease in acidity and constant viscosity during the storage, while Beverage N had an increase in acidity and viscosity. The rutin loss at 120 days was 14.2 per cent for Drink P and 32.4 per cent for N, with a half-life of 423.6 and 185.3 days, respectively. Originality/value – Given the quantified parameters, the beverage produced from leaves of planted trees (P) may be used as a novel high nutrition food suitable for the growing requirements of the yerba mate by-products market.

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