Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Material for Biopulping: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shardesh Chaurasia ◽  
Prakashchandra Mervana ◽  
Satyapal Singh ◽  
Sanjay Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Almost All

Biopulping has the potential to improve pulp quality, paper properties and to reduce energy costs and environmental impact relative to traditional pulping approaches. The technology has focused on the white rot fungi that are known to be degrader of wood constituents. This group of fungi have complex extracellular ligninolytic enzyme systems that can selectively degrade/ alter lignin structure and allow cellulose fibres to be relatively unaffected. It colonizes either on living or dead wood and decomposes almost all plant cell wall polymers including lignin and extractives making it to be extremely potential to be used in biopulping. Biopulping reduces the chemical load in paper industry and thus partially limiting environmental threats caused by conventional pulping. It has been advised that energy savings alone could make the process economically viable. Other benefits include improved burst strength and tear indices of product and reduced pitch deposition.

scholarly journals Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Luong Thi Hong ◽  
Hy Tuan Anh ◽  
Phan Thi Hong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
New Production ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved.

Debarking, pitch removal and retting: Role of microbes and their enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Yadav ◽  
Workinesh Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Paper Manufacturing

AbstractMicrobial enzymes are green and clean alternatives for several processes in the pulp and paper industry. Enzyme treatment decreases the energy requirement and minimizes the wood losses during drum debarking. Lipophilic wood extractives are known as pitch. Pitch deposition adversely affects the pulp quality and increases equipment maintenance and operating costs during paper manufacturing. Several chemical additives have been used to remove pitch deposits. Natural seasoning of wood is used to minimize pitch content in wood, but it has some disadvantages including yield losses and decreased brightness. Controlled seasoning with white-rot fungi or albino strains of sapstain fungi is an effective tool for degradation and removal of wood extractives. Enzymes including lipase, laccase, sterol esterase, and lipooxygenase have also been used to minimize pitch-related problems. Enzymatic retting has been proved an eco-friendly and economical solution for chemical degumming and traditional retting.

scholarly journals White-rot fungus: an updated review

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Amar Pal Singh ◽  
Ajeet Pal Singh ◽  
Rajinderpal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Mold ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Polyamide Fiber

The White Fungus, which causes white rot on tree trunks, belongs to the basidiomycetes. Research into the microbiology of White-rot fungi has focused on engineering processes related to factors such as cell growth and enzyme production processes, and to smaller, i.e., molecular biology. Many studies have been conducted to select issues with high or specific biodegradation performance in a variety of ways. Production inhibitors have been used to improve enzyme production. Investigators are investigating different carriers (Stainless Steel net, polyamide fiber net, fiberglass net and polyurethane foam) to impair P.chrysosporium ligninolytic enzyme production. In this review, Pathophysiology, Microbiology, impact factors, treatments and alternative uses show white mold formation in biotransformation. The white fungus is being investigated to produce biotechnology for the reduction of a broad spectrum, a natural pollutant based on lignin-deficient enzymes. This in particular covers the destruction of many wastes and environmental pollution, including wastewater, pesticides, toxic natural pollutants, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc. It will be updated.

scholarly journals APLIKASI ENZIM DI INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS: I. BIDANG PULP (ENZYME APPLICATION IN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY: I. PULP SECTION)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisna Septiningrum ◽  
Ikhwan Pramuaji
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Economical Aspect ◽  
Hexenuronic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Application ◽  
Enzyme Characteristic

This review introduce about biotechnological application of enzyme in pulp and paper industry. These enzymes can be applied as biological agents in biopulping, biobleaching including Hexenuronic acid (HexA) removal. Degrading enzyme from white rot fungi, xylanase, laccase, lipase and α-glucuronidase are the the most applicable enzyme in the process. Nowadays, enzyme application is still under laboratory scale, only a few is applied further until industrial scale. There are some limitations for further application related with technical aspects such as effectivity of the enzyme during its application comparing with chemical compounds, enzyme availability in the market, enzyme characteristic that appropriate with the process in pulp mill and economical aspect. In the other hand, these technologies also provide some advantages such as reduce energy consumption, reduce or substitute chemicals and more environmental friendly ABSTRAK Kajian ini berisi mengenai aplikasi bioteknologi terutama enzim di industri pulp dan kertas. Enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan pada proses pulping, biobleaching termasuk penghilangan Hexenuronic acid (HexA). Enzim dari jamur pelapuk putih, xilanase, lakase, lipase dan α-glucuronidase merupakan enzim yang penting untuk diaplikasikan pada proses-proses tersebut. Aplikasi enzim saat ini masih dalam skala laboratorium, hanya beberapa diterapkan lebih lanjut sampai skala industri. Beberapa keterbatasan untuk aplikasi lebih lanjut terkait dengan aspek teknis adalah efektivitas enzim yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan bahan kimia, keterbatasan produk enzim yang ada di pasar khususnya karakteristik enzim yang sesuai untuk industri pulp, dan keterbatasan dari aspek ekonomi. Namun di satu sisi, teknologi ini juga diketahui memiliki beberapa kelebihan seperti dapat mengurangi penggunaan energi, mengurangi atau substitusi bahan kimia, dan lebih ramah lingkungan

scholarly journals Dynamics of ligninolytic enzyme production in Ganoderma applanatum depending on cultivation type

2011 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Jasmina Cilerdzic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Mirjana Stajic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Versatile Peroxidase ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum

Ganoderma applanatum belongs to the group of white-rot fungi, due to a well-developed ligninolytic enzyme system. White-rot fungi have attracted great scientific attention in recent years, especially with respect to their enzymatic potential for the bioremediation of persistent pollutants. Contrary to G. lucidum, which medicinal properties, as well as ligninolytic enzyme system have been extensively studied, enzymatic system of G. applanatum has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of laccase, Mn-dependent peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase activity during submerged and solid state cultivation on two selected plant raw materials. Enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically after 7, 10 and 14 days of cultivation. The peak of laccase activity (220.14 Ul-1) was noted after 14 days of submerged wheat straw fermentation. Maximum level of Mn-dependent peroxidase (110.91 Ul-1) and versatile peroxidase (116.20 Ul-1) activity was obtained in the medium with oak sawdust after 14 days of submerged cultivation.

Comparative Studies of Remazol Brillant Blue Removal by Immobilized Organisms; Investigation of Metabolites by GC/MS and FTIR Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Ardag Akdogan ◽  
Merve Canpolat Topuz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Textile Industries

Abstract Reactive dyes are important chemical pollutants from textile industries. Treatment of effluents from dye-based industries poses a major problem, and biotreatment with white rot fungi seems to be a viable option. The biological treatment of synthetic dyes at a low cost and in the shortest possible time is used especially in dye and textile industries and leads to pollution in the wastewater dumped into the environment by these industries. For this study, decolorization of the recalcitrant dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R by immobilized Pleurotus ostreatus and Coprinus plicatilis was investigated. This dye was removed 100% (dye concentration: 10.0 mg/L) by both immobilized organisms. Extracellular ligninolytic enzyme activities were also measured during the decolorization. There was an attempt to identify metabolites with FTIR spectrometry and GC/MS at the end of the decolorization. These results indicated that the samples did not include any detectable metabolite.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Neha Sahu ◽  
Zsolt Merényi ◽  
Balázs Bálint ◽  
Brigitta Kiss ◽  
György Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Global Carbon

Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes are among the most efficient degraders of plant cell walls, making them key players in forest ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and in bio-based industries. Recent insights from -omics data revealed a high functional diversity of wood-decay strategies, especially among the traditional white-rot and brown-rot dichotomy. We examined the mechanistic bases of wood-decay in the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) include devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. They have been discussed as white-rot species, though their response to wood deviates from typical white-rotters. While we observed an upregulation of a diverse suite of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, unlike white-rotters, they possess and express an atypical wood-decay repertoire in which pectinases and expansins are enriched, whereas lignin-decaying enzymes (LDEs) are generally downregulated. This combination of wood decay genes resembles the soft-rot of Ascomycota and appears widespread among Basidiomycota that produce a superficial white rot-like decay. These observations are consistent with ancestral soft-rot decay machinery conserved across asco- and Basidiomycota, a gain of efficient lignin-degrading ability in white-rot fungi and repeated, complete, or partial losses of LDE encoding gene repertoires in brown- and secondarily soft-rot fungi.

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