New Visions, New Interpretations of Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-154
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Short
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Medical Structure ◽  
Structure Education ◽  
The U.S

By mid-December 1945, the U.S. Navy incorporated Okinawans into the administration of military government. As the Okinawans assumed their new role, the Navy constructed a feasible and sustainable local government structure dependant on Okinawan custom and participation. Okinawans, serving in positions of administrative influence, demonstrated their ability to govern and the power of their leadership. Seaman, no longer under the stress and fear of combat conditions, formed both formal and informal relationships with the Okinawans within the context of their duties. Through such close interactions, Naval troops reassessed Okinawan identity as not only separate from Japan, but also free from congenial comparisons with America. The Nay devised military government policy that led to Okinawan influence in government, medical structure, education, and crime management.

Identifying the Enemy

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Short
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Policy Construction ◽  
The U.S

Analyzing the complicated relationship between Okinawa and Japan, U.S. Army planners recognized that they had to gauge the reaction of the Okinawan population to a foreign force invading their land. Assessing the civilian temperament correlated directly to the practical military planning considerations of provisions and security, yet also required the planners to interpret the level of allegiance that the Okinawans felt toward Japan. The Americans, therefore, made determinations about the Okinawans’ identity that influenced the construction of military government policy. The U.S. Army planners who devised military government policy and the commanders and soldiers who executed that policy thus carefully considered practical military matters in their decision-making; however, contemplation of the complex ethnic and political situation in Okinawa as a prefecture of Japan stood as a paramount element of policy construction. The U.S. Army concluded that the actions of the Okinawans could not be accurately predicted. The U.S. Army’s consideration of race and ethnicity produced logically reasoned policies instituted to ensure the success of the combat mission.

scholarly journals The political hourglass: opportunistic behavior in local government policy decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Emilio J. de la Higuera-Molina ◽  
Marc Esteve ◽  
Ana M. Plata-Díaz ◽  
José L. Zafra-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Local Government Policy

scholarly journals Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MARTIN GILENS ◽  
SHAWN PATTERSON ◽  
PAVIELLE HAINES
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
Citizens United ◽  
Independent Expenditures ◽  
American Elections ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Despite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.

Newspaper news exposure predicts political participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Thorson ◽  
Scott Swafford ◽  
Eunjin (Anna) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Political News ◽  
Perceived Importance

This study reports a survey of media use, political knowledge, and participation in local elections by people in three small Midwest communities. This study showed that newspaper political news exposure strongly predicted political participation, perceived importance of local municipal elections, and self-reported voting. It did not, however, predict knowledge about local government structure.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH (Studi Deskriptif Kec. Curup Tengah, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Panji Aji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Local Government Policy

The increasing rate of population growth and economic development occurring in the Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu has led to the increasing waste generated. This can lead to declining environmental quality in the region, especially the situation is aggravated by inadequate handling and waste management systems are implemented by the Regional Government. Therefore, the required real effort in resolving the existing problems of waste such as by increasing community participation in waste management.  This study aims to determine how community participation in waste management in the Curup Tengah District. This participation may take the form pasrtisipasi community in local government policy decisions about waste management. Pasrtisipasi other forms of society can be seen by taking out the trash in the space provided, do not throw garbage in open dumps, as well as by not burning waste not in accordance with the technical requirements for waste management.  Results of analysis showed that public participation in policy-local government on waste management in the Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu was well with the average value of respondents' answers to the questionnaire was 3.83, Participation of the community by removing trash in places that have been prescribed or provided in the Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu was well with the average value of respondents' answers to the questionnaire was 3.91, with community participation does not throw garbage in the open field in the Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu was well with the average value of respondents' answers to the questionnaire is 3.77, and the participation of the community by not burning waste not in accordance with technical requirements for waste management in the Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu was well with the average value of respondents' answers to the questionnaire was 3.69. This shows that the general public's Participation in the Waste Management at Curup Tengah District, Kab. Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu was well with the average value of the respondent's answer was 3.8.  Keywords: participation, community, garbage

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