Spatial Pattern of Cholera Incidence in Ibadan City

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
E. A. Salubi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Statistiquement Significatives ◽  
Eau Potable ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The recurrence of the cholera outbreak in Ibadan is alarming and very little has been documented on its spatial pattern. Hence, this study investigated the spatial pattern of cholera in Ibadan using GIS techniques and spatial statistics. Cholera is a disease that has been known to be associated with poor environmental sanitation. However, the impact of other contributory factors is also becoming evident. The study investigated the pattern of cholera incidence within the city for a period of three years. The process of geocoding was used to match addresses of cholera patients to the districts within Ibadan city. Anselin's Local Moran's I was used to assess statistically significant clusters within the city. The results depict clusters of cholera incidences located more within the core areas of the city characterized by high population density and poor sanitation. This study suggests improved environmental sanitation and provision of potable water supply to the core areas of the city. La récurrence de l'épidémie de choléra à Ibadan est alarmante et très peu a été documentée sur sa configuration spatiale. Par conséquent, cette étude a examiné le schéma spatial du choléra à Ibadan en utilisant des techniques SIG et des statistiques spatiales. Le choléra est une maladie connue pour être associée à un mauvais assainissement de l'environnement. Cependant, l'impact d'autres facteurs contributifs devient également évident. L'étude a examiné le schéma de l'incidence du choléra dans la ville pendant une période de trois ans. Le processus de géocodage a été utilisé pour faire correspondre les adresses des patients atteints de choléra aux districts de la ville d'Ibadan. Le Local Moran's I d'Anselin a été utilisé pour évaluer les grappes statistiquement significatives au sein de la ville. Les résultats décrivent des grappes d'incidences de choléra situées davantage dans les zones centrales de la ville caractérisées par une forte densité de population et un assainissement médiocre. Cette étude suggère une amélioration de l'assainissement de l'environnement et de l'approvisionnement en eau potable dans les zones centrales de la ville.

scholarly journals The current state of urban soils in the core of Baku’s agglomeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
L. Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article presents the results of studies the soils of urban parks, gardens, roadside zones in the core of the agglomeration of Baku. The urban soils were studied as indicators of the ecological status of the city of Baku. The impact of soil condition on the green areas in seven districts of Baku has been evaluated.

scholarly journals Maskulinitetsperspektiv på kriminologiens kjerneområder: Kontroll, ofre og kriminalitet

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Nina Irene Jon
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to render visible and problematise conceptions and norms for performing masculinity within criminology. Approaching crime and crime control from a gendered perspective is highly relevant: Crime and punishmentare historically among the most gendered fields in society, predominantly inhabited by men. While the relation between crime and masculinity was actually addressed by some of the subcultural theorists in the 1950s (see e.g., Cohen 1955, Bloch and Niederhoffer 1958, Kvaraceus and Miller 1959, Cloward & Ohlin 1960), criminology as such has by and large remained a gender-blind discipline. The article focuses on the impact a gender perspective can have on the core areas of criminology: control, victimization and crime.

scholarly journals Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan Pembangunan kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Resha Moniyana ◽  
Ahmad Dhea Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Poor People ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Poverty Levels

The analysis results used in the problem of poverty are increasingly developing as the understanding of the problem of poverty becomes more complex in the spatial and temporal patterns, seeing the patterns and characteristics of a phenomenon with spatial imaging and study of patterns is the main objective of this study by looking at the pattern of the percentage of poor people and the level of inequality. The method used is processing Moran's I spatial data, Moranscatterplot and LISA, testing development inequality with the Williamson Index, The research area covers 15 districts/cities in 2015-2019. Spatial linkages The percentage of poor people between districts/cities in Lampung Province has a positive Moran's I value, has a spatial pattern with the same characteristics and is clustered. Development inequality is negative Moran's I, Development inequality has a spatial pattern with different characteristics in 2015 -2019. Poverty analysis indicates that during the 5-year study period, 5 districts in Lampung Province were still trapped in high poverty levels, The results of regional development inequality with the Williamson index indicate 3 regions with high levels of inequality, 4 areas of moderate inequality and 8 regions with low levels of inequality.

scholarly journals REGRESI LINIER BERGANDA DAN SPATIAL DURBIN MODEL UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI GIZI BURUK BALITA DI KOTA MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Maulina Panjaitan ◽  
Susiana . .
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Spatial Durbin Model ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
The City

ABSTRAKKasus gizi buruk di kota Medan terus mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Pada tahun 2015, Kota Medan berada pada peringkat ke-2 kasus gizi buruk balita terbanyak di Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi gizi buruk balita di kota Medan dan menentukan model terbaik yang dapat menggambarkan gizi buruk balita di kota Medan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dan Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). Berdasarkan analisis Moran’s I, diperoleh adanya dependensi spasial pada variabel angka gizi buruk balita di kota Medan serta beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan analisis spasial model SDM. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh model SDM menghasilkan R-square sebesar 0.703 dan AIC sebesar 117.2534. variabel yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi gizi buruk balita di kota Medan dengan model SDM adalah banyaknya balita yang mendapat imunisasi lengkap  dan banyaknya rumah tangga miskin  Kata kunci : gizi buruk, dependensi spasial, Spatial Durbin Model, Ordinary Least Square ABSTRACTCases of malnutrition in the city of Medan continues to increase compared with previous years. In 2015, the city of Medan is ranked 2nd malnutrition of children under five in North Sumatra. This study aims to identify factors that affect infant malnutrition in the city of Medan and determine the best model to describe malnourished children under five in the city of Medan. The analysis used is multiple linear regression with ordinary least squares (OLS) and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). Based on the analysis of Moran's I, obtained their spatial dependencies in the variable infant malnutrition rate in the city of Medan as well as some of the factors that influence it. Thus the need to analyze the spatial model of HR. From the research results, obtained SDM models produce R-square of 0703 and AIC at 117.2534. variables that significantly affect malnourished children under five in the city of Medan with human models is the number of infants are fully immunized  and the number of poor households . Keywords: malnutrition, spatial dependencies, Spatial Durbin Model, Ordinary Least Square

scholarly journals Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Wang ◽  
Yaolin Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Baoshun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Gwr Model

Land subsidence has become an increasing global concern over the past few decades due to natural and anthropogenic factors. However, although several studies have examined factors affecting land subsidence in recent years, few have focused on the spatial heterogeneity of relationships between land subsidence and urbanization. In this paper, we adopted the small baseline subset-synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method using Sentinel-1 radar satellite images to map land subsidence from 2015 to 2018 and characterized its spatial pattern in Wuhan. The bivariate Moran’s I index was used to test and visualize the spatial correlations between land subsidence and urbanization. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was employed to explore the strengths and directions of impacts of urbanization on land subsidence. Our findings showed that land subsidence was obvious and unevenly distributed in the study area, the annual deformation rate varied from −42.85 mm/year to +29.98 mm/year, and its average value was −1.0 mm/year. A clear spatial pattern for land subsidence in Wuhan was mapped, and several apparent subsidence funnels were primarily located in central urban areas. All urbanization indicators were found to be significantly spatially correlated with land subsidence at different scales. In addition, the GWR model results showed that all urbanization indicators were significantly associated with land subsidence across the whole study area in Wuhan. The results of bivariate Moran’s I and GWR results confirmed that the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization spatially varied in Wuhan at multiple spatial scales. Although scale dependence existed in both the bivariate Moran’s I and GWR models for land subsidence and urbanization indicators, a “best” spatial scale could not be confirmed because the disturbance of factors varied over different sampling scales. The results can advance the understanding of the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization, and they will provide guidance for subsidence control and sustainable urban planning.

scholarly journals Can health service equity alleviate the health expenditure poverty of Chinese patients? Evidence from the CFPS and China health statistics yearbook

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoliang Tang ◽  
Ling Yao ◽  
Chaoyu Ye ◽  
Zhengjun Li ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To comprehend the relationship between various indicators of health service equity and patients’ health expenditure poverty in different regions of China, identify areas where equity in health service is lacking and provide ideas for improving patients’ health expenditure poverty. Method Data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 and the HFGT index formula were used to calculate the health expenditure poverty index of each province. Moreover, Global Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I test are applied to measure whether there is spatial aggregation of health expenditure poverty. Finally, an elastic net regression model is established to analyze the impact of health service equity on health expenditure poverty, with the breadth of health expenditure poverty as the dependent variable and health service equity as the independent variable. Results In the developed eastern provinces of China, the breadth of health expenditure poverty is relatively low. There is a significant positive spatial agglomeration. “Primary medical and health institutions per 1,000 population”, “rural doctors and health workers per 1,000 population”, “beds in primary medical institutions per 1,000 population”, “proportion of government health expenditure” and “number of times to participate in medical insurance (be aided) per 1,000 population” have a positive impact on health expenditure poverty. “Number of health examinations per capita” and “total health expenditure per capita” have a negative impact on health expenditure poverty. Both effects passed the significance test. Conclusion To enhance the fairness of health resource allocation in China and to alleviate health expenditure poverty, China should rationally plan the allocation of health resources at the grassroots level, strengthen the implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and encourage the investment in business medical insurance industry. Meanwhile, it is necessary to increase the intensity of medical assistance and enrich financing methods. All medical expenses of the poorest should be covered by the government.

scholarly journals Global Contraction and Local Strengthening of Firms’ Supply and Sales Logistics Networks in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence from the Development Zones in Weifang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Yiran Yan ◽  
Xingping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Network ◽  
The Core ◽  
Logistics Networks ◽  
Supply Logistics ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The stagnation of multinational and cross-regional goods circulation has created significant disruptions to manufacturing supply chains due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of manufacturing industry products at different geographical scales, we drew upon a case study of development zones in the city of Weifang in China to analyze the characteristics of firms’ logistics networks in these development zones, and how these characteristics have changed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data used in this study were collected from fieldwork conducted between 26 August 2020 and 15 October 2020, and included the supply originations of firms’ manufacturing sources and the sales destinations of their goods. We chose the two-mode network analysis method as our study methodology, which separates the logistics networks into supply networks and sales networks. The results show the following: First, the overall structure of firms’ logistics networks in Weifang’s development zones is characterized by localization. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the local network links have further strengthened, whereas the global links have seriously declined. Moreover, the average path length of both the supply and sales logistics networks has slightly decreased, indicating the increased connectivity of the logistics networks. Second, in terms of the network node centrality, the core nodes of the supply logistics networks are the development zones and the city in which the firms are located, whereas the core nodes of the sales logistics networks are the core companies in the development zones. However, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the centrality of supply originations and sales destinations at the local scale has increased, whereas the centrality of supply originations and sales destinations at the global scale has decreased significantly. Third, the influencing factors of such changes include controlling personnel and goods circulation based on national boundaries and administrative boundaries, forcing the logistics networks in the development zones to shrink to the local scale. Moreover, there are differences in the scope of spatial contraction between supply logistics networks and the sales logistics networks.

scholarly journals Priestorová analýza dát z povrchového zberu na lokalite Vráble-Fidvár

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Dominik Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Global And Local

The goal of this study is to introduce selected methods of spatial analysis and their contribution to evaluation of fieldwalking data. Spatial analysis encompasses various methods suitable for identification, objective evaluation and visualization of spatial patterns which are present in obtained data. This article primarily deals with sampled data, collected during a 2007 fieldwalking campaign. The dataset consisting of potsherds was spatially autocorrelated, using the global and local Moran’s I coefficient, which was used to identify clusters of finds. Spatial pattern of the settlement was visualised by geostatistical interpolation method – kriging.

scholarly journals Measuring The Impact of Spatial Perturbations on The Relationship Between Data Privacy and Validity of Descriptive Statistics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Broen ◽  
Rob Trangucci ◽  
Jon Zelner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Perturbation Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Like many scientific fields, epidemiology is addressing issues of research reproducibility. Spatial epidemiology, which often uses the inherently identifiable variable of participant address, must balance reproducibility with participant privacy. In this study, we assess the impact of several different data perturbation methods on key spatial statistics and patient privacy. Methods: We analyzed the impact of perturbation on spatial patterns in the full set of address- level mortality data from Lawrence, MA during the period from 1911-1913. The original death locations were perturbed using seven different published approaches to stochastic and deterministic spatial data anonymization. Key spatial descriptive statistics were calculated for each perturbation, including changes in spatial pattern center, Global Moran’s I, Local Moran’s I, distance to the k-th nearest neighbors, and the L-function (a normalized form of Ripley’s K). A spatially adapted form of k-anonymity was used to measure the privacy protection conferred by each method, and the its compliance with HIPAA privacy standards. Results: Random perturbation at 50 meters, donut masking between 5 and 50 meters, and Voronoi masking maintain the validity of descriptive spatial statistics better than other perturbations. Grid center masking with both 100x100 and 250x250 meter cells led to large changes in descriptive spatial statistics. None of the perturbation methods adhered to the HIPAA standard that all points have a k-anonymity > 10. All other perturbation methods employed had at least 265 points, or over 6%, not adhering to the HIPAA standard. Conclusions: Using the set of published perturbation methods applied in this analysis, HIPAA- compliant de-identification was not compatible with maintaining key spatial patterns as measured by our chosen summary statistics. Further research should investigate alternate methods to balancing tradeoffs between spatial data privacy and preservation of key patterns in public health data that are of scientific and medical importance.

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