scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-640
Author(s):  
Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari ◽  
Bong Nam Chung ◽  
In-Sook Cho ◽  
Ju-Yeon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material – chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40-75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.

scholarly journals Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Tobacco Streak Virus, and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Associated with Mosaic and Ringspot Symptoms in Ajuga reptans in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1214-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Fisher ◽  
S. T. Nameth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Ajuga Reptans

Creeping bugleweed (Ajuga reptans L.) is a perennial ornamental commonly grown as a ground cover in temperate climates. Commercial samples of the A. reptans cultivars Royalty, var. Atropurpurea Bronze, Bronze Beauty, and Burgundy Glow showing mosaic and ringspot symptoms were tested for the presence of virus infection by direct antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and viral-associated double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested. ELISA values were considered positive if the absorbance values were twice the negative control. Negative control values were established with asymptomatic tissue of the cv. Bronze Beauty. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) was detected only by ELISA in symptomatic samples of all cultivars except Royalty. No dsRNA suggestive of TSV was detected. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested except Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze. dsRNA analysis also indicated the presence of a low molecular weight, possible satellite (sat) RNA associated with all symptomatic and asymptomatic Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze plants tested. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with a digoxigenin-labeled full-length clone of the (S) CARNA-5 (-) CMV satRNA (ATCC no. 45124) confirmed that the low molecular weight RNA associated with the Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze cultivars was indeed CMV satRNA. Only AMV has been previously reported in A. reptans in the United States (1). This is the first report of CMV and its satRNA, as well as TSV, in A. reptans in the United States. Reference: (1) W. T. Schroeder and R. Provvidenti. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:285, 1972.

Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica): New Host for Cucumber Mosaic Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Pariera Dinkins ◽  
Sue K. Brumfield ◽  
Robert K. D. Peterson ◽  
William E. Grey ◽  
Sharlene E. Sing
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Linaria Dalmatica ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax

To date, there have been no reports of Dalmatian toadflax serving as a host for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Infestations of Dalmatian toadflax may serve as a reservoir of CMV, thereby facilitating aphid transmission of CMV to both agricultural crops and native plants. The goal of this study was to determine whether Dalmatian toadflax is a host for CMV. Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were randomly assigned to two treatments (18 replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control) and inoculation with CMV (Fast New York strain). The Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were inoculated by standard mechanical methods and tested for the presence of CMV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten of the 18 CMV-inoculated toadflax plants tested positive for the virus; 6 of the 18 displayed systemic mosaic chlorosis and leaf curling. All control plants tested negative. Transmission electron microscopy obtained from CMV-positive plants confirmed the presence of CMV based on physical properties. To verify CMV infestation, tobacco plants were assigned to the following treatments (six replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control), CMV-negative (control) inoculation, and a CMV-positive inoculation. Plants were inoculated by standard methods. Five of the 6 tobacco plants treated with the CMV-positive inoculum tested positive for CMV using ELISA. All control plants tested negative for the virus.

scholarly journals Synergistic Disease in Pepper Caused by the Mixed Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus and Pepper mottle virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Murphy ◽  
Kira L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

The occurrence of more than one virus species in a single plant is not uncommon in cultivated and native plant species. A mixed virus infection may lead to greater disease severity than individual viral components and this is sometimes referred to as a synergistic disease. Although, in some cases, synergism has been demonstrated for various plant growth parameters such as plant height, weight, and yield, proof of synergy typically has not been demonstrated for symptom severity when the mixed virus infection was not lethal. We demonstrated synergy in bell pepper plants co-infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) relative to each virus alone for stem height (two of three trials) and aboveground fresh weight (one of three trials) using factorial analysis and Abbott's equation for synergy. This approach allowed affirmation of the type of response (i.e., synergistic rather than antagonistic) and statistical proof of synergy. A detailed evaluation of symptom severity for each viral treatment revealed three phases associated with host plant developmental stages. A numerical symptom severity rating scale was developed and used in each of two equations to demonstrate statistical proof for synergy based on symptom severity for co-infected plants. Virus accumulation in noninoculated leaves was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In singly infected plants, CMV titers declined in mildly symptomatic leaves representing later stages of plant development, but titers increased in similar leaves of co-infected plants. In contrast, PepMoV titers did not differ in singly or co-infected plants.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Cheese Whey on Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mottle Virus in Capsicum annuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Bong Nam Chung ◽  
Sun Jung Kwon ◽  
Gug Seoun Choi ◽  
Ju Yeon Yoon ◽  
In Sook Cho
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master) in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Whitten ◽  
S. G. P. Nameth
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
State University ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
The Ohio State University

Rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) is a wildflower that is native to Ohio. In recent years, native wildflowers have become very popular with home gardeners, and conservationists have begun to reestablish these plants in their native ranges. As native perennial wildflowers become more common, it is important to determine if they might serve as possible perennial reservoirs of viruses. A plot of 20 species native to Ohio was established on the Waterman Agricultural and Natural Resources Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. In the summers of 1999 and 2001, random samples were collected from established plantings. Some sampled plants did not show symptoms of virus infection; however, all samples of E. yuccifolium appeared chlorotic, slightly mottled, and stunted. Using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analysis (1), these plants were assayed for viral infection. dsRNA profiles obtained from symptomatic E. yuccifolium resembled that of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These results were confirmed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) for CMV. dsRNA-containing samples of E. yuccifolium produced ELISA absorbance values (A405) of 0.231 to 0.713 when compared with the negative control. All 14 samples of E. yuccifolium tested positive for CMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV in E. yuccifolium, which should serve as the basis for a more extensive survey, since CMV can potentially infect a wide variety of ornamental and nonornamental hosts. Reference: (1) R. Valverde et al. Plant Dis. 74:255, 1990.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analyses of Pepper mild mottle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus Isolated from Rorippa palustris

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Jung Kwon ◽  
Ju-Yeon Yoon ◽  
In-Sook Cho ◽  
Seung-Kook Choi ◽  
Gug-Seoun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

scholarly journals Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus dan Chili Veinal Mottle Virus terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
DWI SUBEKTI ◽  
SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT ◽  
ENDANG NURHAYATI ◽  
SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Chili Veinal Mottle Virus

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of Pepper mild mottle virus in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

During 2009 and 2010, a survey was conducted in pepper crops to detect the possible presence of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in Serbia. A total of 239 pepper samples from 39 crops at 26 localities were collected and analyzed for the presence of PMMoV, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), using DAS-ELISA test. Although it was detected in a small percentage, PMMoV could pose a threat to pepper production in Serbia due to its rapid seed-borne spread. Presence of PMMoV was confirmed by serological and biological detection, followed by conventional reverse transcription RT-PCR, using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the coat protein (CP) genes. Molecular identification confirmed that the Serbian isolates belong to PMMoV pathotypes P1,2 which do not break the resistance gene L3. Reconstructed phylogenetic tree confirmed the allocation of the Serbian isolates together with the majority of PMMoV isolates which belong to pathotypes P1,2. This study represents the first serological and molecular characterization of PMMoV infection of pepper in Serbia, and provides important data on the population structure. The obtained data could have great influence on pepper production in Serbia as well as future pepper resistance breeding in the country.

scholarly journals Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Li ◽  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
H. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR CABAI TERHADAP CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS DAN CHILLI VEINAL MOTTLE VIRUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Sriani Sujiprihati ◽  
Gede Suastika ◽  
Sientje Mandang Sumaraw
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

Resistance Evaluation of Chillipepper Cultivars for Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus.  The use of resistance culivars is an important strategy for management of virus infection in chillipepper. A research was undergone to study the effect of single and mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV on the disease incidence and on the growth and yield of nine chillipepper cultivars, i.e. Cilibangi 4, Cilibangi 5, Cilibangi 6, Helem, Jatilaba, Tit Bulat, Tit Segitiga, Tit Super and Tampar. Mechanical inoculation was conducted to transmit the virus. Infection of the virus was then confirmed with DAS-ELISA.  In general, inoculated chillipepper cultivars developed similar symptoms, i.e. mosaic type for CMV and mottle type for ChiVMV.  More severe symptom was not always observed from mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV. Disease incidence occurred in the range of 16.67 – 86.0% and this caused 18.3 – 98.6% yield loss.  Based on symptom expression, ELISA result, and reduction on yield, it can be concluded that all chillipepper cultivars used in this study could not hold up the virus infection. However, several cultivars showed tolerance response :  Jatilaba, Tit Super, and Tampar for CMV; Cilibangi 4 for ChiVMV; Tit Super for mix infection; and Cilibangi 5 for CMV, ChiVMV, and mix infection.  Further evaluation and investigation involving different chillipepper cultivars should be conducted.

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