scholarly journals Education in the Context of Current Globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Yanitsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Hybrid Character ◽  
Fourth Scientific

Drawing on the studies of works of the sociologists and politicians analyzing modern geopolitical trends and issues and on his own investigations in the realm of global and Russian environmental politics, the author came to the following conclusions. An education as a social institution and structural-functional organization has to be analyzed as a part of globalization process conditioned by the digitalization of mode of production and social reproduction (in other terms, by the Fourth scientific-and-technological revolution, hereafter the STR-4). At the same time, one has to keep in mind that recently almost any knowledge has not only complex but a hybrid character. It reflects the fact that every structure or process is actually a sociobiotechnical system (hereafter, the SBT-system). Such hybridization may be a result of natural processes or a particular thing of process is socially-constructed. Any hybrids are the results of metabolic processes. Therefore, the education processes are considered not as class-room work by children and students but as an all-embracing process of a ‘learning-to learn’, that is as a part of reciprocal enrichment of various institutions and groups of global community by using of scientific and technological innovations. I see the education as an all-embracing process of accumulation, selection, processing and practical use of information produced in all spheres of natural, social and technological activity. It seems necessary to strengthen an information exchange between the state, business and civil society institutions and initiative groups. The knowledge production and its use in emergency cases by the volunteers, and the phenomenon of a ‘digital alienation’ deserve special attention.

scholarly journals Western's Media Representation of Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rym Ezzina
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Event

Media is considered as an important social institution in society as it is the main source of knowledge about what is going on across the world influencing people and shaping their points of view concerning a given event. More specifically, this study is a textual analysis of the coverage of an international event, the Palestinian membership in the United Nations as seen from two western media networks of CNN, and BBC. It investigates the discourse of each network regarding the Palestinian and Israeli people, through the two analytical angles of transitivity and Critical Linguistics to demonstrate that news is socially constructed and that reality in the press is more about opinions and propositions than facts. 

scholarly journals Distributed Functional Connectome of White Matter in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Yifei Weng ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Lianli Qiu ◽  
Yulin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Graph Properties

Purpose: We aimed to find out the distributed functional connectome of white matter in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods: 20 patients with FD and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included into the study. The functional connectome of white matter and graph theory were used to these participants. Two-sample t-test was used for the detection the abnormal graph properties in FD. Pearson correlation was used for the relationship between properties and the clinical and neuropshychological information.Results: Patients with FD and healthy controls showed small-world properties in functional connectome of white matter. Compared with healthy controls, the FD group showed decreased global properties (Cp, S, Eglobal, and Elocal). Four pairs of fiber bundles that are connected to the frontal lobe, insula, and thalamus were affected in the FD group. Duration and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index positively correlated with the betweenness centrality of white matter regions of interest.Conclusion: FD patients turned to a non-optimized functional organization of WM brain network. Frontal lobe, insula, and thalamus were key regions in brain information exchange of FD. It provided some novel imaging evidences for the mechanism of FD.

scholarly journals Modeling of Brain Physics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kholmanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Electromagnetic Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Nonlocal Quantum ◽  
The Brain

The physics of the human brain has two components – basic physics common to all mammals and the physics of thinking inherent only in man. The development of the mental component of the structural and functional organization of the brain in phylogeny was associated with the chiral factor of the external environment, and in ontogenesis - with the social factor. The sensitivity of the brain to these factors was based on the single-connected nature of its aqueous basis, the mechanism of electromagnetic induction, and the features of the thermodynamics of the brain in a state of night sleep. In order to unify the description of the mechanism of electromagnetic processes in the brain, the concept of a quasiphoton has been introduced, combining all forms of excitation of electronic and molecular-cellular structures of the brain. Equivalent schemes of vibrational contours of neural network elements and macrostructures of the brain are proposed. Estimates of the kinetic parameters (activation energy, velocity) of the physical processes underlying the energy-information exchange of the brain with the external environment are made. Mechanisms of operative (physical) and permanent (chemical) memory of the brain, including a model of nonlocal quantum correlations, are discussed.

Social aspects of fair in the urban culture space

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Lavrinova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Creative Life

We consider the necessity of the fair activities development in the urban culture space. A fair has the beneficial influence on social and cultural and economic changes in the urban environment. The research is based on the relevance of studying the fair potential as a social and cultural phenomenon, which is both economic and cultural as it contains functions of a social and cultural nature. To determine the fair social aspects in the urban culture space we consider fair as a social institution, examine its social and organizational activities. We consider the historical aspects of the fair appearance and functioning in the urban culture space. The social aspects of the fair are determined in many ways by the material world peculiarities which fill the fair space. Social, cultural senses and meanings are enclosed in the fair things and the fair itself is some kind of a language of culture. Communicative function of the fair is significant, it manifests itself in the creation of a communicative space, which includes communication, information exchange, self-realization, self-representation. A cultural and historical analysis of the fair social aspects led to several conclusions. Firstly, modern fairs are aimed at the preservation and reproduction of traditional culture. Secondly, such events contribute to the formation of new economic and social and cultural communication platforms. Such events as the fair fill the urban space with art, creative life, and allow urban culture to develop. The fair contributes to the renewal and dynamics of urban space. It preserves and complements the traditional sphere of cultural heritage.

The Social Construction of Reading Lessons: Resistance and Social Reproduction

1983 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty J. Malmstad ◽  
Mark B. Ginsburg ◽  
John C. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Remedial Reading ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Reading Deficiencies ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Former Teachers

Classroom observations and interviews with students, their teacher, principal, and former teachers are used to understand how reading lessons and classroom situations more generally were socially constructed during a summer school remedial reading program. The teacher, feeling constrained by what the students' former teachers had ritualistically listed as skill needs, and the upper-middle-class students, feeling that they might get into trouble if they questioned what the teacher assigned and that their parents could help them anyway, seemed to collaborate unwittingly in constructing reading lessons which did not remediate reading deficiencies. These patterns of resistance and accommodation to contradictions in their experience are also seen to help reproduce certain ideological and structural features of an unequal political economy, even while the basis for a fundamental critique is in reach.

Performing Identities in the Classroom

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathie Friedman ◽  
Karen Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Women's Studies ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Jewish American ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Classroom Dynamics ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Hybrid Character ◽  
And Gender

Teaching about intersecting, fluid and historically contingent identities has been taken up extensively within the sociology of race, class and gender and women's studies. Oddly, the case of Jewish women has been virtually left out of this robust literature. This article explores the challenges raised through teaching the course “Jewish Women in Contemporary America,” and links these challenges to the pedagogy of race, class and gender more broadly. Using the classroom as a research site, the authors conducted post-course interviews with students and kept detailed field notes on class sessions. The authors use Judith Butler's theorization of performativity to analyze classroom dynamics. After redesigning and teaching the course a second time, the authors conclude that the relationship between “experience” and “theory” must be constantly interrogated by both instructor and students; that personal narratives merit space within the classroom, but must be problematized; and a critical Jewish Women's Studies, based on illuminating the socially constructed and hybrid character of contemporary Jewish American women's identities, can help to expose the tendency to methodological essentialism still prevalent in much of the feminist race, class, and gender literature.

scholarly journals The Society of Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Burrell ◽  
Marion Fourcade
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Technical Control

The pairing of massive data sets with processes—or algorithms—written in computer code to sort through, organize, extract, or mine them has made inroads in almost every major social institution. This article proposes a reading of the scholarly literature concerned with the social implications of this transformation. First, we discuss the rise of a new occupational class, which we call the coding elite. This group has consolidated power through their technical control over the digital means of production and by extracting labor from a newly marginalized or unpaid workforce, the cybertariat. Second, we show that the implementation of techniques of mathematical optimization across domains as varied as education, medicine, credit and finance, and criminal justice has intensified the dominance of actuarial logics of decision-making, potentially transforming pathways to social reproduction and mobility but also generating a pushback by those so governed. Third, we explore how the same pervasive algorithmic intermediation in digital communication is transforming the way people interact, associate, and think. We conclude by cautioning against the wildest promises of artificial intelligence but acknowledging the increasingly tight coupling between algorithmic processes, social structures, and subjectivities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Library as a Form of Cultures Communication

Discourse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
T. B. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Cultural Dialogue

Introduction. The increased interest to the history of book cultures, cultural linkages, and expanding international contacts between libraries has led to the search for new models for book and cultural exchange. Library as a social institution is one of the important elements of society, integrated into its socio-political, ideological and valuable structure. In addition to cultural historical documents it provides socially meaningful information to various segments of the population, is engaged in archiving of information, identify its importance and validity. Thereby satisfying the diverse needs of the meaningful information becomes a mediator between knowledge and society, between author and reader. Changes in the political, social and spiritual spheres, impact on activities of libraries. The study of the communicative practices acquires special importance. International cooperation can be attributed to forms of cultural interaction, as example it can be the exchange of not only books but also of information technology.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on cultural-historical and socio-philosophical analysis of the research literature.Results and discussion. Library is considered as a medium of intercultural communication as a form of relationship cultures. Its main function is to preserve and promote the cultural diversity, the development of ethnic and national traditions of the society. Libraries are a form of cultural and information exchange. Therefore, the information approach needs to be supplemented with socio-philosophical and culturological approach, considering the library as a form of interrelation of cultures. Their reorganization on this basis will facilitate the formation of intellectually and culturally educated humanity, which will solve the conflict peacefully through dialogue and cooperation.  The result of this research is the understanding of the role of libraries in the extension and development of the world communities in the Search for optimal ways of meeting the reader and the book, effective methods of development of texts contributes to the solution of problems of intercultural communication.Conclusion. Globalization and digitization are changing the ways of communication, reading and understanding the information. Increase diversity of resources stimulate interest in selfeducation and distance learning. Currently, the role of libraries in the document-information processes, archiving and reporting. They become an effective platform for self-learning and online learning. The reader perceives a book together text and visual forms, using as a search tool of information and interactive technology, and various Internet resources. In addition, libraries are focused on international cooperation and cultural dialogue. The organization of visiting exhibitions, creation of global information resources, book presentations and publishing projects promote the cultural heritage and book collections. 

Which are objective and which are natural? Contrasting conceptions of social institutions, animals, and artifacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyes ◽  
Yarrow Dunham ◽  
Frank Keil
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Conceptual Domain ◽  
Intuitive Conceptions

We investigate whether beliefs about category boundaries as objective and category boundaries as natural are fused in intuitive conceptions or whether people distinguish between objectivity and naturalness. We conducted four studies with children (N = 270, ages 4-9, American) and adults (N = 360, American). In particular, we explored their judgments about animal (e.g., lions), artifact (e.g., hammers), and social-institution (e.g., police officers) categories. In every study, children and adults judged that social-institution categories were more constituted by social processes (and less by natural processes) than artifact categories. In contrast, they judged that social-institution categories were more objective (and less subjective) than artifact categories (this was significant in 3 of the 4 studies). Thus, children and adults distinguished which category boundaries were natural from which categories were objective. Our results additionally supported the conclusion that social-institution categories comprise a distinct conceptual domain from artifact categories.

Organization of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the mammalian cell nucleus

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
D.L. Spector ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
S. Kaurin
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Interchromatin Granule Clusters ◽  
Interchromatin Granule ◽  
Nuclear Regions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Perichromatin Fibrils

We have been interested in the organization of RNA polymerase II transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Several models have been proposed for the functional organization of RNA within the eukaryotic nucleus and for the relationship of this organization to the distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors. One model suggests that RNAs which must be spliced are capable of recruiting splicing factors to the sites of transcription from storage and/or reassembly sites. When one examines the organization of splicing factors in the nucleus in comparison to the sites of chromatin it is clear that splicing factors are not localized in coincidence with heterochromatin (Fig. 1). Instead, they are distributed in a speckled pattern which is composed of both perichromatin fibrils and interchromatin granule clusters. The perichromatin fibrils are distributed on the periphery of heterochromatin and on the periphery of interchromatin granule clusters as well as being diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. These nuclear regions have been previously shown to represent initial sites of incorporation of 3H-uridine.

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