Which are objective and which are natural? Contrasting conceptions of social institutions, animals, and artifacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyes ◽  
Yarrow Dunham ◽  
Frank Keil
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Conceptual Domain ◽  
Intuitive Conceptions

We investigate whether beliefs about category boundaries as objective and category boundaries as natural are fused in intuitive conceptions or whether people distinguish between objectivity and naturalness. We conducted four studies with children (N = 270, ages 4-9, American) and adults (N = 360, American). In particular, we explored their judgments about animal (e.g., lions), artifact (e.g., hammers), and social-institution (e.g., police officers) categories. In every study, children and adults judged that social-institution categories were more constituted by social processes (and less by natural processes) than artifact categories. In contrast, they judged that social-institution categories were more objective (and less subjective) than artifact categories (this was significant in 3 of the 4 studies). Thus, children and adults distinguished which category boundaries were natural from which categories were objective. Our results additionally supported the conclusion that social-institution categories comprise a distinct conceptual domain from artifact categories.

Sustainable Illegality: Gagauz Women in Istanbul

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Unal
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
National Group ◽  
Turkish Migrants ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
The Social

This study deals with survival strategies of illegal migrants in Turkey. It aims to provide an explanation for the efforts to keep illegality sustainable for one specific ethnic/national group—that is, the Gagauz of Moldova, who are of Turkish ethnic origin. In order to explicate the advantages of Turkish ethnic origin, I will focus on their preferential treatment at state-law level and in terms of the implementation of the law by police officers. In a remarkable way, the juridical framework has introduced legal ways of dealing with the illegality of ethnically Turkish migrants. From the viewpoint of migration, the presence of strategic tools of illegality forces us to ask not so much law-related questions, but to turn to a sociological inquiry of how and why they overstay their visas. Therefore, this study concludes that it is the social processes behind their illegality, rather than its form, that is more important for our understanding of the migrants’ survival strategies in destination countries.

Dangerous vulnerability: Simultaneous prohibition and coercion in Palestinian-Israeli single mothers’ relationships with men

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110514
Author(s):  
Einat Lavee ◽  
Tal Meler ◽  
Madlen Shamshoum
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
Depth Interviews

The objective of this study is to broaden understanding of how vulnerability is shaped more by social, cultural, and religious institutions than by individual life circumstances, exploring the case of Palestinian-Israeli single mothers’ relationships with men. Research often determines the vulnerability of a group, such as women migrants from an ethnic minority, by specific demographic characteristics. This common assumption has been challenged by calls to understand vulnerability as social processes intersecting with the action of the state and other social institutions. The study provides a nuanced examination of the social processes through which Palestinian-Israeli single mothers are simultaneously forbidden from and coerced into having relationships with men, drawing on a systematic analysis of data from semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 36 Palestinian-Israeli single mothers. The analysis exposed several mechanisms which forbid single mothers from having relationships with men, alongside mechanisms that permit, often even coerce, such relationships. These mechanisms are embedded in interrelated structural factors—massive differences in gender power relations, vast gender economic disparities, inability of most single mothers to support their families independently, and state policy of non-intervention in domestic affairs of ethnic minorities, and create a state of “dangerous vulnerability.”

scholarly journals A suggested scenario to reduce the high divorce rates in Al- Jouf region  in view of the role of some social institutions: تصور مقترح للحد من ارتفاع معدلات الطلاق في منطقة الجوف في ضوء دور بعض المؤسسات الاجتماعية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeima Omar Aldraan, Amaal Mohamed AbdelMawla, Randa Hammoud
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Family ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Family Associations ◽  
The University

The study aimed to build a proposed perception to reduce the high rates of divorce in the Al- Jouf region in view of the role of some social institution as, and using the survey and documentary descriptive approach, through the application and two questionnaires were prepared (the first is directed to divorced and divorced women, and the second is directed to community members), and the interviews were used to get acquainted with the opinions of officials in both: Personality, 2- Al- Jouf University, 3- The Family Development Association, and the study concluded that the reasons for divorce are [socio- cognitive] reasons, the most important of which are: the interference of others in the family life of the couple, such as (family, relatives, and friends) With an average approval of 2.54 out of 3 , The weak educational and cultural role of institutions Different society (family, school, c Spangle, family associations) in the rehabilitation of young people for marriage An average of 2.53 out of 3, Also, coordination and cooperation between social institutions in the region to reduce the high rates of divorce in the region was weak coordination, and the research has resulted in a proposed vision to limit the high divorce rates in the Al- Jouf region. Its security and stability, In it the university plays the main role in coordinating and raising awareness of knowledge and social issues such as: women's rights- children's rights- providing family, psychological and legal counseling to university employees and members of society.

scholarly journals FAMILIES, GENERATIONS AND INTERGERACIONALITY IN NET MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Camila Kuhn Vieira ◽  
Carine Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Ana Luisa Moser Keitel ◽  
Adriana da Silva Silveira ◽  
Solange Beatriz Billig Garces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 19Th Century

We are experiencing a period of accelerated socio-cultural, political and economic changes that are reflected in practically all social institutions, including the family. This is a secular social institution, which reflects the evolution of society. There is still resistance to “idealizing” the family as the “sphere of care and love”. However, it is known that the traditional family of the 19th century gave way to the nuclear family and that, at the same time, it gives way to families with different backgrounds. Also noteworthy are the transformations that occur in complex and liquid society, as highlighted by authors such as Morin and Bauman. In this sense, these transformations also occur in the social institutions that compose it, among them the family nuclei and other social spaces where different generations are inserted, especially with the increasing presence of elderly people. Therefore, with so many important social issues involved in these relationships (society-family-aging and intergenerationality), these reflections are considered to be extremely relevant.

Changing the perception of police culture: recognising masculinity diversity and difference in a “dirty hands” vocation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Michael Kennedy ◽  
Philip Birch
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
The Media ◽  
Biased Perception

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to problematise the application of hegemonic masculinity to police practice and culture. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers a viewpoint and is a discussion paper critiquing the application of hegemonic masculinity to police officers, their practice and culture. Findings The paper suggests that a broader conceptualisation of masculinity, offered by scholars such as Demetriou (2001), is required when considering policing and its culture, in order to more accurately reflect the activity and those involved in it. Research limitations/implications Writings concerning police practice and culture, both in the media and academic discourse, are questionable due to the application of hegemonic masculinity. The application of hegemonic masculinity can create a biased perception of policing and police officers. Practical implications The paper helps to engender a more accurate and balanced examination of the police, their culture and practice when writing about policing institutions and encourage social institutions such as academia to address bias in their examination of policing institutions and police officers. Originality/value There has been limited consideration in regards to multiple masculinities, police practice and culture.

The Hospital and Its Patients1

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hospital Work

This chapter discusses the significance of the hospital as a social institution. It is one of the most complex of social institutions — an institution which in recent years has grown immensely in its complexities, and to which scholars have added newer complications as a result of the development of the National Health Service. Now, in this situation, the chapter suggests three main dangers. The first danger is that increasing complexity in structure, functions, and administration can lead to increasing economic and social costs without a proportional rise in value rendered to the community. The second danger is that the ends or aims of hospital work may be obscured by excessive preoccupation with means. The third danger is represented by scientific and technological advance.

scholarly journals Three Conceptions of a Theory of Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Emrah Aydinonat ◽  
Petri Ylikoski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Social Kinds

We compare Guala’s unified theory of institutions with that of Searle and Greif. We show that unification can be many things and it may be associated with diverse explanatory goals. We also highlight some of the important shortcomings of Guala’s account: it does not capture all social institutions, its ability to bridge social ontology and game theory is based on a problematic interpretation of the type-token distinction, and its ability to make social ontology useful for social sciences is hindered by Guala’s interpretation of social institution types as social kinds akin to natural kinds.

Domination and Assertion Towards a theory of educational change

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Margaret Scotford Archer ◽  
Michalina Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Change ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Domination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

In the sociology of Max Weber, the history of any social institution corresponds to the constant interplay of a dominant and an assertive group and their supportive ideologies. While Weber himself posited the relevance of such interaction for the study of educational change, he limited himself to the description of historical stages in this process without attempting to account for their sequence. To do so requires a specification of the necessary condition for successful educational domination or assertion by any group. The factors of such domination over the social institution of education may at times coincide with those required for social domination–defined as domination over the main institutions of a society. This coincidence will depend on the degree to which education is integrated with other social institutions. When education is largely unintegrated with such institutions, the group dominating it will tend to be distinct from the ruling group in society. A corresponding statement can be made about assertion. However, as education is never completely autonomous, a theory of educational change (1) necessarily goes beyond this institution to the extent to which it is integrated with others.

scholarly journals The Basic Social Values which underlies Social Institutions of Farmers In The Rural Agro-Tourism Area of Central Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Santosa ◽  
Agus Suyanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Java Province

<p>This research aims to explore the basic value of social institution of farmers and find the technique of re-functionalization of social institutions of farmers. The design of this research is using a case study method based on qualitative and quantitative approach. This research is intentionally conducted in Karangreja Sub-district, Purbalingga Regency of Central Java Province.  Based on the research results, The prominent basic social values in the social institutions of farmers in the Agro-tourism area tend to be still around the proximity to the production process. Three prominent basic values: (1) the basic value of perseverance in the process of production, (2) the basic value of togetherness for making decision on production, (3) the value of carefulness in sorting and grading product. Indeed the basic value of togetherness to fight for the price is high but it has not bring such a tangible results for farmers’. The authors predicted that if the socio-economic institutions are strong, they will be able to empower farmers and vice versa if the social institution is weak then the empowerment of farmers is also weak. However, it is necessary to concern that the institution which in charge of product quality, post harvest technology and marketing has not been much strengthened, so that the welfare of farmers has not changed much. Institutional strengthening in sectors that are still weak need to get more attention from various parties so that farmers become more dynamic and more empowered.</p>

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI APLIKASI PELAYANAN PANTI SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Roida Pakpahan ◽  
Yuni Fitriani ◽  
Mahdiyyah Mahdiyyah
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Search Facility

Social institutions function to provide skills training to women who were previously commercial sex workers to have skills so they are able to find decent jobs or able to build independent businesses. At present the Harapan Mulia Social Institution has used an information system to manage the data of the assisted citizens but the use of its information system still has several disadvantages including; the program does not have a data search facility that has been fostered so that the search for data of the assisted citizens will take a long time, the certificate of the assisted citizens is not systemic so that the printed certificate will take a long time because the staff will manually retrieve the data again. This study aims to design information systems using software development using the waterfall method by adding data searches on applications and storing certificates in the system to speed up the work process of employees.

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