Undiagnosed Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adult People Living in Southern Ethiopia: Discovery From Gunchire Woreda of Gurage Zone

Background: Hypertension is defined as two or more readings of systolic blood pressure measurement of 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure measurement of 80 mm Hg or higher. Symptoms of hypertension (HTN) are often not detectable at early stages and because of this many people with the disease are mostly left undiagnosed. Undiagnosed HTN is the one that increases the risk of complications such as renal failure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and premature death. There is no report concerning undiagnosed hypertension in the area. This study is aimed to assess prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among adult peoples.Method: Community based Cross-sectional study design was conducted. English version questionnaire was used to collect data from 574 households. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version.23. The association between dependent and independent variables was tested by using multivariate regression at P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI.Result: Out of 590 participants, 108 (18.8%) respondents were cigarette smokers and 143 (24.9%) were khat chewers. About 106 (18.5%) of respondents have sedentary lifestyle. A total of 260 (45.3%) of respondents were identified as having undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents having sedentary life style had about 2.24 time’s higher risk of undiagnosed HTN than those who didn’t have sedentary life style. BMI, sedentary life style, cigarettes smoking, health seeking behavior, dietary habit and monthly income were significant predictors of undiagnosed HTN.Conclusion: Based on the identified high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, the finding suggests awareness creation for community members about undiagnosed hypertension, its symptoms and ways of managing it.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Bank Workers in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia 2018

Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports ◽

10.47363/jccsr/2020(2)126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Gosaye Teklehaymanot Zewde ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Life Style ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Study Participant ◽

P Value ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Background: Hypertension clinically defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more on at least two readings on separated time. It is one of the most prevalent non communicable diseases and the most important preventable risk factor for premature death worldwide, due to heart disease and stroke. It is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, end stage renal disease and peripheral vascular diseases. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among bank workers in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia 2018. Methods and material: Institutions based cross sectional study was conducted on 149 Bank workers in 6 governmental and 19 private banks which were found in Harar Town. Sample was allocated proportionately and study participant was selected by simple random sampling. Collected and checked data were entered in to Epi Data software version 3.02 and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to determine prevalence such as frequency, percentage, mean and ratio. Both Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to observe the association between the outcome variable and associated factors. P value less than 0.2 in Bivariate analysis was transferred to multivariate analysis and P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as level of statistically significance. Result: The prevalence of hypertension on this study was 27.5 %. Among study participant 6(4%) had diagnosed with hypertension and only 3 (2%) had on treatment and follow- up. 26(17.4%) bank workers BMI Was obsessed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis Age, Sedentary life style and BMI of bank workers had significant association with hypertension. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of Hypertension in the study was 27.5% Age, Sedentary life style and BMI (Obesity) in this study was positively associated with higher odds of having hypertension. Regular blood monitoring, conducting physical exercise and reduction of Alcohol consumption and street Treatment care and follow-up strategy need to be maintained.

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Previous blood pressure measurement and associated factors in student adolescents

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3358 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marina Gabriella Pereira de Andrada Magalhães ◽

Breno Quintella Farah ◽

Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros ◽

Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Skin Color ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Economic Status ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Study Region

Objective To identify prevalence of previous blood pressure measurement and analyze some associated factors in adolescents.Methods This cross-sectional study included 6,077 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Demographic characteristics included (sex, age, period of study, region of residence, work, skin color, and economic) status, history of blood pressure measurement within last 12 months, local of blood pressure measurement, and reading obtained. To assess associations between previous blood pressure measurement with demographic characteristics and high blood pressure we used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.Results Out of the adolescents, 56.8% reported no blood pressure measurement within the last 12 months. The health centers and the physician’s office were most mentioned places for blood pressure measurement (28.3% and 36.9%, respectively). Boys (odds ratio of 1.64 95%CI: 1.46-1.84) aged 14 to 16 years (odds ratio of 1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.25), whose economic status was unfavorable (odds ratio of 1.48; 95%CI: 1.32-1.67) were significantly associated with no blood pressure measurement. Working was a protective factor for was not blood pressure measurement (odds ratio of 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73-0.97).Conclusion Most of adolescents did not have their blood pressure measured within the last 12 months. Boys aged 14 to 16 years and those with unfavorable economic status had higher chance of not having their blood pressure measured.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Bank Workers in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia 2018

General medicine and Clinical Practice ◽

10.31579/2639-4162/029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 01-06

Author(s):

Gosaye Teklehaymanot Zewde

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Life Style ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Study Participant ◽

P Value ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Background: Hypertension clinically defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more on at least two readings on separated time. It is one of the most prevalent non communicable diseases and the most important preventable risk factor for premature death worldwide, due to heart disease and stroke. It is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, end stage renal disease and peripheral vascular diseases Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among bank workers in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia 2018 Methods and material: Institutions based cross sectional study was conducted on 149 Bank workers in 6 governmental and 19 private banks which were found in Harar Town. Sample was allocated proportionately and study participant was selected by simple random sampling. Collected and checked data were entered in to Epi Data software version 3.02 and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to determine prevalence such as frequency, percentage, mean and ratio. Both Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to observe the association between the outcome variable and associated factors. P value less than 0.2 in Bivariate analysis was transferred to multivariate analysis and P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as level of statistically significance. Result: The prevalence of hypertension on this study was 27.5 %. Among study participant 6(4%) had diagnosed with hypertension and only 3 (2%) had on treatment and follow- up. 26(17.4%) bank workers BMI Was obsessed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis Age, Sedentary life style and BMI of bank workers had significant association with hypertension Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of Hypertension in the study was 27.5% Age, Sedentary life style and BMI (Obesity) in this study was positively associated with higher odds of having hypertension. Regular blood monitoring, conducting physical exercise and reduction of Alcohol consumption and street Treatment care and follow-up strategy need to be maintained.

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The prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic population of Punjab, India

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.4103/2321-0656.193996 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

pp. 047-053 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shallu Khullar ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Harjot Dhillon ◽

Ritu Sharma ◽

Kanchan Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Life Style ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Abstract Background: The present cross sectional study was carried out on 516 subjects with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary health care hospital to identify the prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Cognitive impairment was tested using Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), Trail making tests-A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Efficiency of these tests to diagnose cognitive impairment was analysed using reliability index (Cronbach's α = 0.82), which ruled out any internal inconsistency. Of the study participants, 174 (33.73%) met the criteria for cognitive impairment and 342 (66.27%) were having normal cognition. Out of 174, 156 diabetic subjects (89.65 percent) were not diagnosed for neurocognitive impairment prior participation. Results: Cognitive impairment was observed to be strongly associated with being a woman (P < 0.001), divorced or separated (P = 0.007), sedentary life style (P = 0.001), smoking (P < 0.001), drinking alcohol (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg (P = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dl (P = 0.001), high density lipoprotein <40 mg/dl (P = 0.001), statin use (P = 0.009), waist hip ratio in both males and females (P = 0.001), glucose levels >125 mg/dl (P = 0.005) and duration of diabetes >2 years upto 10 years and more than 10 years (P = 0.001) in univariate testing. In multivariate logistic regression model, being a woman was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline, which is two fold higher (OR 2.00 95%CI 1.25-3.20, P = 0.004) than being a man. Other risk factors like glucose levels > 125 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg, sedentary life style and duration of diabetes >10 years emerged as independent predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study revealed that higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes is evident in population of Punjab, especially in women and majority of these patients remain undiagnosed for it.

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Assessing the Primary Causes of Hypertension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v6i2.7119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zafar Khan ◽

Mushtaq Ahmad ◽

Ghufran Dr ◽

Ghulam Nabi ◽

Asma Hameed

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Life Style ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Hypertension also called a silent killer is a serious problem. The numbers of hypertensive patients are increasing day by day. The present study aim to assess the primary causes of hypertension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study were collected from 298 hypertensive patients who were admitted or visited to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar as patients. Simple random sampling method was used for selection of the sampled respondents. The results indicate a significant association between hypertension and the level of education (P=.000). Educated people were found not only having more information about hypertension but also found more conscious about the disease (P=.000), while no or low level of educated patients were reported not only caring (P.000) the hypertension but also were not consulting doctors (P=.000). Sampled hypertensive patients were also agreed that regular use of antihypertensive medicines (P=.000), easy supply of medicines (P=.001), regular exercise (P=.000) and regular check-up of blood pressure (P.000) can help maintain blood pressure in normal range while irregularity in taking of medicines (P=.000) and sedentary life style (P=.000) contributed to high blood pressure. Dietary habits (P=.005) such as junk food (P=.000) and spicy diet (P.000) reported affected the blood pressure. Regarding precautions significant association was found with life style modification (P=.000), regular check-up of blood pressure (P=.000), regular exercise (P=.036), weight reduction (P=.001), avoid alcohol consumption (P=.000), stopped smoking (P=.000) and avoid stress (P=.002) along with more use of vegetables and fruits (P=.001). On the other hand hypertension was also associated significantly with the people who have obesity (P=.004), lake of exercise P=.000), old people (P=.034), low socio-economic status (P=.000), kidney diseases (P=.000), endocrine diseases (P=.000), excessive salt intake (P=.008), low potassium intake (P=.010) and family history (P=.001). Individually and psychologically the hypertension can also be due to alcohol intake (P=.000), cigarette smoking (P=.000), sedentary life style (P=.000), lake of exercise (P=.000), lake of knowledge about the signs, symptoms of hypertension (P=.000), its causes (P=.000), and precautions (P=.000). Study recommends that in order to control hypertension, a special attention is needed to follow the precautions about hypertension, diet plan, regular check-up of blood pressure, awareness about the disease and avoid stress.

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Psychological Understanding of Hypertension- Ayurvedic Perspective

AYUSHDHARA ◽

10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i5.798 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3561-3565

Author(s):

M. Jithesh ◽

PU Sreeram ◽

P. Gowrisankar ◽

K. Asha Karunakaran ◽

S. Aswathy

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Life Style ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Positive Health ◽

Psychological Understanding ◽

Multiple Factors ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Hypertension is the condition where blood pressure is elevated chronically. It has multiple factors such as genetic, environmental and life style. The Stress which is usually having a role in the scenario, usually is left unaddressed and the condition is managed only with the anti-hypertensives. Discussion of hypertension in the perspective of Ayurveda is a debatable area till now. Hṛdaya considered to be the root place of hypertension, has its origin from Rakta and Kapha in the normal state of development. Being abode for consciousness, senses, mind, soul etc. it is to be taken as a conglomeration of somatic, psychic as well as spiritual entities. Śṛama, Mōha, Mūṛchā which is exhibited in the circumstances of alteration of ojus such as Ōjakṣaya/ Ōjōvyāpath, can be observed in elevated blood pressure situations. Tridōṣa also contributes a major role in the development of hypertension through their dysfunctions. While considering the Nidāna paṉcaka of stress associated hypertension, negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, anger and excessive thoughts are always going in parallel to the unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life style. A multidisciplinary approach may be ideal and quite useful in such situations. Ayurvedic principles along with the practices of yoga can improve positive health in this intricate scenario.

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Evaluation of two methods of teaching blood pressure measurement

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1988.52.9.tb02233.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 519-521

Author(s):

NK Nordstrom ◽

S Longenecker ◽

HL Whitacre ◽

FM Beck

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement

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EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN HYDROTHERAPI RENDAM KAKI PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI BANJAR SRI MANDALA, KELURAHAN DAUHWARU KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

JURNAL WIDYA BIOLOGI ◽

10.32795/widyabiologi.v10i01.235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 33-44

Author(s):

N.L.G. Sudaryati ◽

I P. Sudiartawan ◽

Dwi Mertha Adnyana

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Reduce Blood Pressure ◽

Second Grade ◽

Control Group ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

First Category

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of giving hydrotherapi foot soak in hypertensive patients. The study was conducted with one group pretestposttest design without a control group by measuring blood pressure (pretest) before being given an intervention in the form of foot soak hydrotherm against 15 people with hypertension in Banjar Sri Mandala, Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana Subregency. Then do the blood pressure measurement again (posttest) after finishing the intervention. After the study was completed, the results showed that before the hydrotherapi foot bath intervention, there were 0% of patients classified as normal, 13.32% in prehypertension category, 60.08% in hypertension category I and 26.60% in hypertension category II. After the intervention was given, there were 13.32% of the patients classified as normal, 66.68% in the prehypertension category, 20.00% in the first category of hypertension and no patients belonging to the second grade hypertension category. There is a decrease of 20-30 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 0-10 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure after intervention. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the hydrotherapi foot bath is effectively used to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients in the Banjar Sri Mandala, Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana District.

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Study on Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Measurement Based on Electrocardiography and Photoplethysmography Signal

ICONIET PROCEEDING ◽

10.33555/iconiet.v2i3.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 206-214

Author(s):

Putri Indes Oktabriani ◽

Fuad Ughi ◽

Aulia Arif Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Ecg Signal ◽

Optimum Location ◽

Blood Pressure Monitor ◽

Pressure Monitor ◽

Left Hand ◽

Measure Blood Pressure

The continuous blood pressure measurement research is widely known for helpingthe development of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring where it measures blood pressureevery 15 to 30 minutes throughout the day. The cuff is a problem for the patient withAmbulatory Blood Pressure Monitor. It can make a person feel uncomfortable and must staystill when the cuff starts to inflate. It is limiting and disturbing their daily activity when thedevice is starting to measure the blood pressure. Blood pressure measurement without cuff isbeing proposed in this research, called cuff-less blood pressure measurement. It will be based onPhotoplethysmography (PPG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) signal analysis. ECG (Lead 1,Lead 2, and Lead 3) with PPG signal produced from index finger on the left hand are comparedand analyzed. Then the relation of PPG and ECG signal and the optimum location for daily usecan be obtained. The optimum location will be based on the electrode’s position that producedthe optimum ECG lead Signal to measure blood pressure. Based on the result, PPG and ECGsignal have a linear relation with Blood Pressure Measurement and Lead 1 is more stable inproducing the ECG signal. The equation from Lead 1 appeared as one of the optimum equationsfor measuring Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP).

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