scholarly journals The prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic population of Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 047-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shallu Khullar ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Harjot Dhillon ◽  
Ritu Sharma ◽  
Kanchan Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Abstract Background: The present cross sectional study was carried out on 516 subjects with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary health care hospital to identify the prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Cognitive impairment was tested using Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), Trail making tests-A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Efficiency of these tests to diagnose cognitive impairment was analysed using reliability index (Cronbach's α = 0.82), which ruled out any internal inconsistency. Of the study participants, 174 (33.73%) met the criteria for cognitive impairment and 342 (66.27%) were having normal cognition. Out of 174, 156 diabetic subjects (89.65 percent) were not diagnosed for neurocognitive impairment prior participation. Results: Cognitive impairment was observed to be strongly associated with being a woman (P < 0.001), divorced or separated (P = 0.007), sedentary life style (P = 0.001), smoking (P < 0.001), drinking alcohol (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg (P = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dl (P = 0.001), high density lipoprotein <40 mg/dl (P = 0.001), statin use (P = 0.009), waist hip ratio in both males and females (P = 0.001), glucose levels >125 mg/dl (P = 0.005) and duration of diabetes >2 years upto 10 years and more than 10 years (P = 0.001) in univariate testing. In multivariate logistic regression model, being a woman was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline, which is two fold higher (OR 2.00 95%CI 1.25-3.20, P = 0.004) than being a man. Other risk factors like glucose levels > 125 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg, sedentary life style and duration of diabetes >10 years emerged as independent predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study revealed that higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes is evident in population of Punjab, especially in women and majority of these patients remain undiagnosed for it.

Abstract 25: Mild Cognitive Impairment the New Risk Factor for Stroke?

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Gaillard ◽  
Elaine T Miller ◽  
Debi Sampsel ◽  
Tamilyn Bakas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and Purpose: Hypertension, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are major risk factors for stroke, particularly among elderly African Americans (AAs). However, whether there are racial differences in the characteristics of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore racial differences in MCI, blood pressure and glucose levels among older AAs and White Americans (WAs). Methods: We recruited 79 free living older adults (>65 years) (40 AAs and 39 WAs). Cognitive impairment was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We defined MCI as MoCA score between 18-26. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) were obtained in each participant. Results: The mean age of our group was 71.4±5.0 years and body mass index 29.1±5.9 kg/m 2 . The AAs were younger than WAs (70.3±5.1 vs. 72.4±4.7 years, p=0.06), there were no difference in body mass index (29.1±5.9 vs 27.7±5.4kg/m 2 , p=0.26). We found racial differences in MCI between our AA and WA participants. The AAs in our group had significantly lower MoCA scores compared to WAs (21±4.3 vs 25.5±3.2, p=0.0004). In addition, the systolic blood pressure (137.4±17.1 vs.128.25±14.9 mmHg, p=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (77.3±10.8 vs.72.9±9 mmHg, p=0.05) were statistically higher in our AAs compared to WAs. Finally, the A1C was statistically higher in our AA vs. WA participants (5.8±0.4 vs. 5.5±0.29%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Our pilot data clearly demonstrates racial differences in MCI. Our study confirms that AAs with MCI are younger, have higher blood pressure and A1C levels when compared to WAs. Therefore, future studies are warranted to determine whether treatment of blood pressure and dysglycemia can reverse MCI in older AAs.

Expanding Arsenal Against Diabetes Mellitus Through Nanoformulations Loaded With Glimepiride and Simvastatin: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
SACHIN KUMAR SINGH ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Monica Gulati ◽  
Sukriti Vishwas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
And Control

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and life-threatening diseases found across the globe. It occurs due to insulin resistance (IR). Major causes of IR include obesity, sedentary life style and hyperlipidemia. Glimepiride (GLM) is one of the most common oral sulphonyl ureas that is being used to treat diabetes and Simvastatin (SIM) is one of the most common statins that is used to treat hyperlipidaemia. However, both the drugs suffer from dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability. In the present study two such drugs, GLM and SIM were co-formulated into nanosuspension (NS) as well as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (L-SNEDDS). Both formulations were spray dried for solidification and evaluated for their antidiabetic potential against high fat diet and streptozotocin induced rat model. The study showed significant (p< 0.05) decrease in lipid/cholesterol and blood glucose levels and significant increase in antioxidant levels in the rats treated with NS and SNEDDS containing the drugs alone as well as their combination as compared to their unprocessed forms. However, the efficacy was more prominent in case of combination possibly due to dual benefits i.e., decrease in IR due to statin and control of blood glucose level. Among NS and SNEDDS, NS was found more efficacious than that of the SNEDDS possibly due to higher enhancement of oral bioavailability in case of NS.

scholarly journals Assessing the Primary Causes of Hypertension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Khan ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Ghufran Dr ◽  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Asma Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Hypertension also called a silent killer is a serious problem. The numbers of hypertensive patients are increasing day by day. The present study aim to assess the primary causes of hypertension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study were collected from 298 hypertensive patients who were admitted or visited to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar as patients. Simple random sampling method was used for selection of the sampled respondents. The results indicate a significant association between hypertension and the level of education (P=.000). Educated people were found not only having more information about hypertension but also found more conscious about the disease (P=.000), while no or low level of educated patients were reported not only caring (P.000) the hypertension but also were not consulting doctors (P=.000). Sampled hypertensive patients were also agreed that regular use of antihypertensive medicines (P=.000), easy supply of medicines (P=.001), regular exercise (P=.000) and regular check-up of blood pressure (P.000) can help maintain blood pressure in normal range while irregularity in taking of medicines (P=.000) and sedentary life style (P=.000) contributed to high blood pressure. Dietary habits (P=.005) such as junk food (P=.000) and spicy diet (P.000) reported affected the blood pressure. Regarding precautions significant association was found with life style modification (P=.000), regular check-up of blood pressure (P=.000), regular exercise (P=.036), weight reduction (P=.001), avoid alcohol consumption (P=.000), stopped smoking (P=.000) and avoid stress (P=.002) along with more use of vegetables and fruits (P=.001). On the other hand hypertension was also associated significantly with the people who have obesity (P=.004), lake of exercise P=.000), old people (P=.034), low socio-economic status (P=.000), kidney diseases (P=.000), endocrine diseases (P=.000), excessive salt intake (P=.008), low potassium intake (P=.010) and family history (P=.001). Individually and psychologically the hypertension can also be due to alcohol intake (P=.000), cigarette smoking (P=.000), sedentary life style (P=.000), lake of exercise (P=.000), lake of knowledge about the signs, symptoms of hypertension (P=.000), its causes (P=.000), and precautions (P=.000). Study recommends that in order to control hypertension, a special attention is needed to follow the precautions about hypertension, diet plan, regular check-up of blood pressure, awareness about the disease and avoid stress.

scholarly journals Psychological Understanding of Hypertension- Ayurvedic Perspective

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3561-3565
Author(s):  
M. Jithesh ◽  
PU Sreeram ◽  
P. Gowrisankar ◽  
K. Asha Karunakaran ◽  
S. Aswathy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Hypertension is the condition where blood pressure is elevated chronically. It has multiple factors such as genetic, environmental and life style. The Stress which is usually having a role in the scenario, usually is left unaddressed and the condition is managed only with the anti-hypertensives. Discussion of hypertension in the perspective of Ayurveda is a debatable area till now. Hṛdaya considered to be the root place of hypertension, has its origin from Rakta and Kapha in the normal state of development. Being abode for consciousness, senses, mind, soul etc. it is to be taken as a conglomeration of somatic, psychic as well as spiritual entities. Śṛama, Mōha, Mūṛchā which is exhibited in the circumstances of alteration of ojus such as Ōjakṣaya/ Ōjōvyāpath, can be observed in elevated blood pressure situations. Tridōṣa also contributes a major role in the development of hypertension through their dysfunctions. While considering the Nidāna paṉcaka of stress associated hypertension, negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, anger and excessive thoughts are always going in parallel to the unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life style. A multidisciplinary approach may be ideal and quite useful in such situations. Ayurvedic principles along with the practices of yoga can improve positive health in this intricate scenario.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adult People Living in Southern Ethiopia: Discovery From Gunchire Woreda of Gurage Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Demamu Haligamo ◽  
Abinet Ayalew ◽  
Hilina Genemo ◽  
Nega Yiriga
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Background: Hypertension is defined as two or more readings of systolic blood pressure measurement of 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure measurement of 80 mm Hg or higher. Symptoms of hypertension (HTN) are often not detectable at early stages and because of this many people with the disease are mostly left undiagnosed. Undiagnosed HTN is the one that increases the risk of complications such as renal failure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and premature death. There is no report concerning undiagnosed hypertension in the area. This study is aimed to assess prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among adult peoples.Method: Community based Cross-sectional study design was conducted. English version questionnaire was used to collect data from 574 households. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version.23. The association between dependent and independent variables was tested by using multivariate regression at P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI.Result: Out of 590 participants, 108 (18.8%) respondents were cigarette smokers and 143 (24.9%) were khat chewers. About 106 (18.5%) of respondents have sedentary lifestyle. A total of 260 (45.3%) of respondents were identified as having undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents having sedentary life style had about 2.24 time’s higher risk of undiagnosed HTN than those who didn’t have sedentary life style. BMI, sedentary life style, cigarettes smoking, health seeking behavior, dietary habit and monthly income were significant predictors of undiagnosed HTN.Conclusion: Based on the identified high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, the finding suggests awareness creation for community members about undiagnosed hypertension, its symptoms and ways of managing it.

Role of Panchakarma in the management of Hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Suraj Kumbar ◽  
Dr.Lohith BA ◽  
Dr.Ashvinikumar M ◽  
Dr. Amritha R ◽  
Dr. Shameem Banu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Life Style ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

We are in technical era where there is more of sedentary life style and stress along with this urbanization is affecting our quality of food and health. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and hormonal imbalances in our body. Hypothyroidism one among the endocrinal disorder. Thyroid is an endocrinal gland secrets T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH which is secreted by Pituitary gland. These hormones have two major effects on the body, 1) To increase the overall metabolic rate in the body 2) To stimulate growth in children. Hypothyroidism is common health issue in India. The highest prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.1%) is noted in people aged 46-54yrs old. With people aged 18-35 yrs being less affected (7.5%). To prevent these hazards Panchakarma is beneficiary to maintain metabolic rate. Here an attempt is made to diagnose hypothyroidism in the light of Ayurveda and management guidelines through Panchakarma.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Lipid Profile Between Sedentary and Non Sedentary Workers

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Mahmood ◽  
MM Rahman Khan ◽  
M Khalilur Rahman ◽  
MM Hoque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

In different epidemiological studies, an association between sedentary life style and incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated. Dyslipidaemia is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. An association of dyslipidaemia with sedentary life style has been considered. This study was carried out among 50 sedentary workers (teachers, office staffs, bank employees) at Pabna District and 50 individuals with non-sedentary jobs matched for age group and sex for the control group to see the association. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), plasma level of glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (Tgs) were found to be significantly higher whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) was found to be significantly lower among the sedentary workers as compared with the control subjects. From the study, it appears that dyslipidaemia is more common in sedentary workers and the relative risk for cardiovascular disease is increased among them due to the sedentary nature of their jobs. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5014 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 10-14

scholarly journals Physical activity, sedentary time and their associations with clustered metabolic risk among people with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu province: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027906
Author(s):  
Yijia Chen ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
Chong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Metabolic Risk

ObjectiveInvestigating the association between total physical activity, physical activity in different domains and sedentary time with clustered metabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes from Jiangsu province, China.DesignInterview-based cross-sectional study conducted between December 2013 and January 2014.Setting44 selected townships across two cities, Changshu and Huai’an, in Jiangsu province.Participants20 340 participants selected using stratified cluster-randomised sampling and an interviewer-managed questionnaire.MethodsWe constructed clustered metabolic risk by summing sex-specific standardised values of waist circumference, fasting triacylglycerol, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure and the inverse of blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). Self-reported total physical activity included occupation, commuting and leisure-time physical activity. The un-standardised regression coefficient [B] and its 95% CI were calculated using multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsThis study included 17 750 type 2 diabetes patients (aged 21–94 years, 60.3% female). The total (B=−0.080; 95% CI: −0.114 to −0.046), occupational (B=−0.066; 95% CI: −0.101 to− 0.031) and leisure-time physical activity (B=−0.041; 95% CI: −0.075 to −0.007), and sedentary time (B=0.117; 95% CI: 0.083 to 0.151) were associated with clustered metabolic risk. Total physical activity, occupational physical activity and sedentary time were associated with waist circumference, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol, but not with systolic blood pressure. Commuting physical activity and sedentary time were significantly associated with triacylglycerol (B=−0.012; 95% CI: −0.019 to −0.005) and fasting plasma glucose (B=0.008; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.01), respectively. Leisure-time physical activity was only significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (B=−0.239; 95% CI: −0.542 to− 0.045).ConclusionsTotal, occupational and leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with clustered metabolic risk, whereas sedentary time increased metabolic risk. Commuting physical activity was inversely associated with triacylglycerol. These findings suggest that increased physical activity in different domains and decreased sedentary time may have protective effects against metabolic risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

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