scholarly journals Sudden changes in crop environment, as influenced by total solar eclipse

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520
Author(s):  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
S. K. SHAHA ◽  
P. M. GULHANE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Soil Temperature Gradient ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Crop Environment ◽  
Daily Total ◽  
Agricultural Meteorology

The Division of Agricultural Meteorology, at Pune of IMD conducted an experiment at Principal Evapotranspiration Observatory, Canning, W.B., during October, 1995 to study the sudden changes in crop environment. The present study revealed that both the crop canopy temperature and observatory temperature at different heights recorded sharp fall of around 2.0°C at 0900 hr (IST) on the eclipse day. The relative humidity (% ) increased sharply at 0900 hr (IST) on the eclipse day within crop canopy as well as within observatory. The soil temperature dropped suddenly at 10 and 20 cm depths of the subsoil and delayed reversal of the soil temperature gradient occurred on the eclipse day; the grass minimum temperature was 21.2°C. Bright sunshine hours reduced by 0.8 on 'the eclipse day as compared to the preceding and succeeding days. The wind during the eclipse period was almost calm between 0900 -0930 hr (IST). The daily total ET recorded on the eclipse day was the minimum. The rate of evapotranspiration was less than half as compared to the other days, as recorded at 0830 hr (IST) (0.2 mm) on the eclipse day, which was closely followed by that observed at 1130 hr (IST) (0.3 mm).

scholarly journals Intelligent thermal image-based sensor for affordable measurement of crop canopy temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 106319
Author(s):  
Jaime Giménez-Gallego ◽  
Juan D. González-Teruel ◽  
Fulgencio Soto-Valles ◽  
Manuel Jiménez-Buendía ◽  
Honorio Navarro-Hellín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Thermal Image ◽  
Crop Canopy

Daily fluctuations in aircraft noise exposure around civil airports and military airfields in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 5154-5160
Author(s):  
Koichi Makino ◽  
Naoaki Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Daily Total ◽  
Airline Flight ◽  
Monitoring Stations

In Japan, yearly average of (day-evening-night sound level) as cumulative noise index has been adopted in national noise guideline of "Environmental Quality Standards for Aircraft Noise." Daily flight movements at civil airports are almost stable because of scheduled airline flight. On the other, daily total flight movements at military airfields greatly change day to day because of training flights, etc. Thus, noise exposure around the airport may change significantly from day to day due to change of flight movement. This paper shows examples of fluctuations, frequency distribution and deviation of daily using aircraft noise monitoring data around civil airports and military airfields. In the case of civil airports, standard deviation of daily was less than 5 dB at the monitoring stations where the yearly average of were about 55 dB or more. However, the standard deviation of daily increased 10 dB or more in some cases at points where yearly average of less than 55 dB. Furthermore, in the case of military airfields, the standard deviation of daily were 5 dB or more for all monitoring stations.

Photosynthetic and developmental traits associated with genotypic differences in durum wheat yield across the Mediterranean basin

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villegas ◽  
N. Aparicio ◽  
M.M. Nachit ◽  
J. L. Araus ◽  
C. Royo
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Developmental Traits ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The relationships between various morphophysiological traits and yield were studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Mediterranean conditions. Two sets of 22 genotypes were used. One was developed for semi-humid environments (TA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 22 trials around the Mediterranean basin with a mean yield across genotypes and environments of 4925 kg/ha. The other set was developed for drier conditions (CA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 15 trials, with a mean yield of 3501 kg/ha. Morphophysiological traits for each set were evaluated in 2 trials with contrasting water regimes conducted in north-eastern Spain: Lleida-rainfed (LR) and Lleida-irrigation (LI). Two kinds of traits were evaluated: developmental traits, including early vigour, plant height, and phenology (days from planting to heading and to maturity); and traits related to photosynthetic performance such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content of the flag leaf, both measured during grain filling, and carbon isotope discrimination of mature grains. All the traits, measured in both Lleida trials, were related to the mean yield of the same genotypes across all the sites where they were cultivated. Yield measured at either of the 2 environments at Lleida was a much poorer predictor of genotype differences in mean yield than most of the traits. Nevertheless, the kind of environment where the morphophysiological traits were evaluated affected the performance of these traits as yield predictors. The combination of significant traits measured in the better environment (LI) explained 71% and 55% of genotype variability in yield within TA- and CA-genotypes, respectively, but only 56% and 27% when they were evaluated at LR. On the other hand, growing conditions of the yield trials was the main factor determining the best combination of traits. For TA-genotypes, larger yields were associated with shorter plants and higher carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of grains, and to a lesser extent with higher early vigour and lower canopy temperature, whereas phenological traits made no contribution to explaining genotype differences in yield. For the CA-genotypes, higher yields were related to an earlier heading date or alternatively to a higher chlorophyll content during grain filling. A higher Δ in mature kernels also seems to be a positive trait.

scholarly journals Behavior, Displacement and Pregnancy Loss in Pigs under an Electronic Sow Feeder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Iida ◽  
Carlos Piñeiro ◽  
Yuzo Koketsu
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exponential Models ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Piecewise Exponential ◽  
Daily Total

Our objective was to characterize eating behavior associated with displacement hazard and subsequent performance for pigs were fed in static groups by an electronic sow feeder (ESF). Data included weekly eating records and subsequent farrowing records of 685 pigs. The eating behavior comprised weekly averages of daily feed dispensed (ADFD) and daily total time spent in the feeding stations (TTSF). A displacement female was defined as a pig removed from her group for health reasons. A multivariate model and piecewise exponential models were fitted to the records. Means (inter-quartile ranges) of ADFD and TTSF were 2.4 kg (2.1-2.8 kg) and 9.3 min (7.5-10.8 min), respectively. Gilts had less ADFD than sows during gestational weeks 5-13 (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in TTSF between gilts and sows in gestational weeks 5-8 and 11-13 (P > 0.05). Also, gilts had higher displacement hazard than parity 2 or higher sows in gestational weeks 8-10 (P < 0.05). Pigs that were entered into the ESF system during summer had less ADFD, and shorter TTSF from gestational weeks 5 to 12 than those entered during the other seasons (P < 0.05). The TTSF varied between two genotypes during gestational weeks 5-7 (P < 0.05). Also, a higher displacement hazard was associated with less ADFD (P < 0.01). A higher hazard of pregnancy loss was associated with shorter TTSF (P < 0.01). In conclusion, we recommend that both ADFD and TTSF should be measured in ESF systems to help identity females having problems.

<i>Analysis on diurnal variation of crop canopy temperature in solar greenhouse</i>

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Kaichen Shen ◽  
Danyan Chen ◽  
Pan Gao ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Solar Greenhouse

COMPARISON OF LIGHTLY GRAZED AND UNGRAZED RANGE IN THE FESCUE GRASSLAND OF SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Harmful Effects

The influence of grazing on the vegetative cover of fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta was assessed by studying two adjoining sites, one lightly grazed, the other ungrazed. Percentage basal area, yield, water-intake rate, soil temperature, soil moisture, and amount of root material were compared on a paired plot basis.The data showed that light grazing resulted in the development of a richer flora dominated by Danthonia parryi. Protection from grazing appeared to simplify the flora with a trend toward a cover consisting largely of Festuca scabrella. There was little evidence of difference in productivity between the two sites. Cooler and moister conditions prevailed in the upper 12 inches of the soil profile of the ungrazed site as a result of heavy accumulation of mulch. Considerably more root material to a depth of 54 inches was present on the lightly grazed site. The harmful effects of herbage removal, shown by clipping studies, were not apparent in the field study under a light rate of grazing.

Estimation of evapotranspiration using the crop canopy temperature at field to regional scales in large irrigation district

2019 ◽  
Vol 269-270 ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxu Huang ◽  
Jiabing Cai ◽  
Baozhong Zhang ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Liangliang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Large Irrigation

scholarly journals Temperature Relationships of Peanut Leaf Canopy, Stem, and Fruit in Soil of Varying Temperature and Moisture

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Sanders ◽  
Paul D. Blankenship ◽  
Richard J. Cole ◽  
Robert A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Peanut Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Cooling Coils

Abstract Physiological processes of plants are affected by temperature and temperature variation of individual plant parts has been demonstrated to affect such physiological interactions as source-sink relationships. Determination of plant part temperatures in relation to the surrounding environment, especially during stress, may provide significant information relative to how plants respond to various stress environments. To determine peanut plant part temperatures in various environments, rainfall control research plots equipped either with heating cables or cooling coils were utilized to grow Florunner peanuts and implement treatments of various soil temperatures under water stress and irrigated conditions. Peanut stem and pod temperatures were monitored automatically at 2-hr intervals with attached and implanted thermocouples. Canopy temperatures, determined by infrared thermometry, were related to water stress but were apparently unrelated to varying soil tempertures. Late-season, afternoon (1:00 p.m.) canopy temperature in the irrigated treatment averaged 28.5 C and mean canopy temperatures in all water stressed treatments were 35±1 C. Late-season plant stem temperature/soil temperature means in irrigated, water stressed-heated soil, water stressed, and water stressed-cooled soil treaments were 21.6 C/21.6 C, 25.2 C/30.2 C, 25.0 C/ 25.C, and 23.3 C/ 20.6 C, respectively. Peanut pod temperatures ranged higher and lower than soil temperature in each plot and maximum pod temperatures often occurred earlier than maximum soil temperature. Concurrent pod, stem, and air maximum and minimum temperatures suggest the strong influence of aerial plant-part temperatures on temperatures of the subterranean fruit. The results of this study show the effect of moisture and temperature stress on peanut plant part temperatures and demonstrate the relationships which result from the unique subterranean fruiting habit.

VII.—Report on the total solar eclipse of April 6, 1875

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

It is never an easy task to make out the plan of operations for the observation of a phenomenon so rare and of such short duration as a total solar eclipse. We must be careful on the one hand not to risk failure by the adoption of new and uncertain methods, and on the other hand we must bear in mind that the mere repetition of what has been done before does not justify any large expenditure of time and money. In drawing out the instructions for the expedition the Committee of the Royal Society had to consider in how far the old methods could be perfected, and in how far new ones should be tried.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariani Sembiring ◽  
HIDAYATULAH MUNAWAROH ◽  
MUKHLIS MUKHLIS ◽  
BENNY HIDAYAT ◽  
TENGKU SABRINA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Hand Sorting

Abstract. Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.

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