scholarly journals Viability and susceptibility of propagation material from coffee plants to Colletotrichum sp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Cláudio Ogoshi ◽  
Felipe Augusto Moretti Ferreira Pinto ◽  
Helon Santos Neto ◽  
Bruno Marques da Silva ◽  
Mário Sobral de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Propagation Material

This study aimed to verify the viability of propagation material from coffee plants descended from germplasm susceptible to blister spot disease as well as its susceptibility to Colletotrichum sp. relative to commercial coffee cultivars. In the first experiment, fruits were harvested from plants with and without symptoms of blister spot and sowed in trays containing a commercial sterilized substrate. The percentages of germinated seeds, viable plantlets and seedlings were evaluated. In diseased tissues, pathogens were isolated and identified though a pathogenicity test. In the second experiment, ten commercial cultivars and one cultivar originating from plants with blister spot were inoculated with the pathogens to assess the severity of anthracnose. Significant differences were not observed with respect to seed germination. However, the viability of plantlets and seedlings was reduced in the cultivar originating from plants with blister spot (Genotype Originated from Diseased Plants-GODP). These plants showed characteristic symptoms of blister spot, including necrosis in the leaves and hypocotyls, wilting and death. In the necrotic lesions, we observed characteristic sporulation of Colletotrichum sp. The cultivar most susceptible to anthracnose in cotyledonary leaves was Catuaí Vermelho (GODP), which presented the highest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). In conclusion, the viability of propagation material from coffee plants that had descended from plants with symptoms of blister spot (GODP) was reduced compared with plants from other genotypes, although seed germination was not affected. Moreover, GODP species are more susceptible to Anthracnose on the cotyledonary leaves relative to the other analyzed commercial cultivars. This work is the first to report on different symptoms exhibited by seedlings originating from the seeds of plants with symptoms of blister spot.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTRACT OF SOME CROPS AND SOIL RESIDUES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Nielsen ◽  
W. B. Woods ◽  
T. F. Cuddy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Six plant species were germinated in sand wetted with water extracts of tissues of five field crops and three soils. Deionized water was used as a check f he study was conducted using standard seed germination techniques.Alter 7 to 10 days all of the germinated seeds were harvested and measurements made of the shoot and root lengths.Alfalfa extract caused the greatest reduction in shoot and root length as well as m percentage germination. It caused the greatest increase in the time required for germination. Timothy extract was not quite as harmful as the alfalfa. Extracts of oats, corn and potatoes were still less harmful with potato extract causing the least effect.The soil extracts generally had very little effect when compared with deionized water.Plant species showed marked differences in tolerance to the extracts alfalfa being the most resistant and timothy the least.Where water alone was used rate of germination and per cent germination were as high or higher than with the other extracts, but the root and shoot lengths were not always the greatest.

scholarly journals Fungal canker agents in apple production hubs of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Nourian ◽  
Mina Salehi ◽  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Fatemeh Khelghatibana ◽  
Jafar Abdollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apple Canker

AbstractTo identify apple canker casual agents and evaluate their pathogenicity and virulence in apple production hubs including West Azarbaijan, Isfahan and Tehran provinces; samples were collected from symptomatic apple trees. Pathogenic isolates on the detached branches were identified as Cytospora cincta, Diplodia bulgarica, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Eutypa cf. lata. E. cf. lata was reported as a potential apple canker causal agent in Iran for the first time based on the pathogenicity test on the detached branches, whereas it caused no canker symptoms in apple trees until 6 months after inoculation. Currently, E. cf. lata seems to be adapted to a single city. C. cincta, D. bulgarica and N. dimidiatum caused canker symptoms in apple trees. “C. cincta” and also “C. cincta and N. dimidiatum” were the most widespread and aggressive apple canker species, respectively, associated with apple canker in Iran. Therefore, they are considered to be the main threat to apple production in Iran and should be carefully monitored. Disease progress curve, area under the disease progress curve and optimum temperatures were determined for mentioned species. It is concluded that the establishment of each species occurs in appropriate areas and times in terms of the optimum temperature for their growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Poinsettia Cultivars for Susceptibility to Powdery Mildew

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Celio ◽  
M.K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve

Powdery mildew (Oidium spp. Link) on poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) growing in commercial greenhouses was first observed in the United States in 1990. Susceptibility of poinsettia cultivars (`Freedom Red', `Hot Pink', `Jingle Bells 3', `Pink Peppermint', `Red Sails', `Supjibi Red', `Topwhite', `V-14 Glory', `V-14 Pink', `V-14 White', `V-17 Angelika White') to powdery mildew was investigated using 8- to 10-week-old poinsettias with mature bracts. Area under the incidence of disease progress curve was used to express the incidence of bracts infected over 31 d after inoculation. Three cultivars with red bracts (`Freedom Red', `Supjibi Red', `Red Sails') had significantly more infection than the other cultivars in both experiments, while one cultivar with white bracts (`V-17 Angelika White') had significantly less infection.

scholarly journals Alternative control to black spot disease in papaya genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Dias dos Santos ◽  
Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira ◽  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Beatriz Murizini Carvalho ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Black Spot Disease

ABSTRACT To find control forms alternative to fungicides, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of products with potential to control black spot (Asperisporium caricae) in different papaya genotypes. Installed in a greenhouse, the experiment was conducted in randomized blocks (RB) with factorial arrangement 5x6, three replicates, and spraying of four products (Bion®, Bordeaux mixture, Ecolife®, and Bordasul®) in six papaya genotypes (‘Sunrise Solo PT’, ‘STZ 03’, ‘Golden’, ‘Tailândia’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF-CALIMAN 01’), while control was sprayed only with water. The severity (BSS) and the incidence (BSI) of black spot on the leaves were quantified, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). There was variability among the evaluated genotypes, highlighting ‘STZ 03’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF/CALIMAN 01’ as the most resistant genotypes. ‘Tailândia’ (susceptible) showed greater response to the products. Plants sprayed with Bion®, Bordeaux mixture and Bordasul® had reduced black spot means.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination in Polygonatum cyrtonema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jiayi Xing ◽  
Mei Du ◽  
Mingxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractPolygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing, HJ) has medicinal and edible value in China. However, the seeds of this plant are naturally difficult to germinate. Therefore, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the germination of this plant in order to meet the market demand, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in this study. We observed that plant hormones and α-amylase activity were differentially regulated when comparing germinated and un-germinated seeds. In addition, the metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly up-accumulated in germinated seeds. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and organic acids were observed to be significantly decreased during germination. The results of this study suggested that compared to un-germinated seeds, germinated seeds promote flavonoid synthesis and inhibit lignin synthesis which could be beneficial to the germination of HJ seeds. Furthermore, these results suggested that starch if hydrolyzed into glucose, which could provide the necessary energy for germination. Our results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the regulatory networks of seed germination and may facilitate the propagation of HJ seeds.

Influence of Heat on Seed Germination of Cistus Laurifolius and Cistus Ladanifer

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Valbuena ◽  
R Tarrega ◽  
E Luis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The influence of high temperatures on germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer seeds was analyzed. Seeds were subjected to different temperatures for different times, afterwards they were sowed in plastic petri dishes and monitored for germinated seeds over two months.The germination rate observed in Cistus ldanifer was greater than in Cistus laurifolius. In both species, heat increased germination percentages. For Cistus laurifolius higher temperatures or longer exposure times were needed. Germination percentages of Cistus ladanifer were lower when heat exposure time was 15 minutes.It must be emphasized that germination occurred when seeds were not treated, while seeds exposed to 150�C for 5 minutes or more did not germinate.

scholarly journals Management of Daylily Rust With Different Fungicides and Fungicide Combinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Emmitt ◽  
James W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Pressure

Production nurseries and daylily hybridizers in the southeast United States rely on the use of fungicides to manage daylily rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis. Foliar sprays of pyraclostrobin, flutolanil, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, flutolanil + tebuconazole, flutolanil + myclobutanil, flutolanil + chlorothalonil, and flutolanil + mancozeb applied on 14-day intervals, and a nontreated control, were evaluated under high disease pressure at three locations in Griffin, GA, in 2015. Tebuconazole or the tebuconazole + flutolanil treatment consistently had the lowest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of the treatments. The addition of flutolanil to chlorothalonil or mancozeb did not improve rust control and no difference in disease severity was observed in any treatment containing contact fungicides on all assessment dates. Single application costs ranged from $10.21 to $95.96 with tebuconazole providing excellent disease management at a relatively low cost per application ($13.90).

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

scholarly journals Cotton resistance to ramulose and variability of Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Fernandes do Nascimento ◽  
Laércio Zambolim ◽  
Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do Vale ◽  
Paulo Geraldo Berger ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Susceptible Group

Four cultivars and 21 lines of cotton were evaluated for resistance to ramulose (Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides) in a field where the disease is endemic. The seeds of each genotype were planted in 5 x 5 m plots with three replications. The lines CNPA 94-101 and 'CNPA Precoce 2'were used as standard susceptible and resistant references, respectively. The disease incidence (DI) was calculated from the proportion of diseased plants in the plot. The disease index (DIn) was calculated from the disease severity using a 1 to 9 scale, and was evaluated at weekly intervals starting 107 days after emergence. The data collected was used to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). In general, the DIn increased linearly with time and varied from 20.0 to 57.1 and AUDPC from 567 to 1627 among the genotypes which could be clustered in to two distinct groups. The susceptible group contained two cultivars and nine lines and the resistant group contained one cultivar and 12 lines. The relationship between disease index and evaluation times was linear for the 25 genotypes tested. The line CNPA 94-101, used as susceptible standard, was the most susceptible with an average DI = 83.4, DIn = 57.1 and AUDPC = 1627.7. The line CNPA 96-08 with DI = 37.8, DIn = 20.0 and AUDPC = 567.7 was the most resistant one. Among the commercial cultivars 'IAC 22' was the most susceptible and 'CNPA Precoce 2', used as resistant standard was the most resistant. The variability in virulence of the pathogen was studied by spray inoculating nine genotypes with conidial suspensions (10(5)/mL) of either of the 10 isolates. The disease severity was evaluated 30 days later using a scale of 1 to 5. The virulence of the isolate was expressed by DIn. All the isolates were highly virulent but their virulence avaried for several genotypes and could be clustered in two distinct groups of less and more virulent isolates. The isolate MTRM 14 from Mato Grosso was the least virulent while Minas Gerais was the most virulent, with DIn of 6.36 and 46.47, respectively. In this experiment the line HR 102 and the cultivar 'Antares' were the most resistant ones with DIns of 18.32 and 19.14, respectively.

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

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