Italian ryegrass cultivars production associated or not with oat black under two post-grazing residues

The objective of this study was to define the input height to grazing and evaluate forage production of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cv. Barjumbo and cv. Common associated or not with oat black forage (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, submitted to two post-grazing. Treatments consisted of a 4x2 factorial design, totaling eight treatments with three replications, being evaluated common and Barjumbo ryegrass, single and mixed with black oat in two highs of post-grazing residue: High: 50% of input height; Low: 30% of input height. Single Common ryegrass and combined with black oat obtained higher production than Barjumbo cultivate, and greater accumulation rate only when intercropped with black oat. Leaf blades production did not differ among cultivars. Stems production was low to Barjumbo cultivar. Black oat production was higher when associated with Barjumbo. Input height to Italian ryegrass cultivars with 95% light interception was 26.86 cm to Barjumbo and 28.75 cm to common cultivar, and when combined with black oat 34.01 cm and 32.48 cm, respectively.

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Pasture characteristics of Italian ryegrass and milk production under different management strategies

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2012000600018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 863-868 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcolino Frederico Miguel ◽

Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽

Steben Crestani ◽

Fabiana da Rocha Ramos ◽

Tereza Cristina Moraes Genro

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Growing Season ◽

Light Interception ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Low Light ◽

Canopy Light Interception

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the sward structure of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), during the first grazing cycle, on its morphological and bromatological characteristics throughout the growing season, and on the performance of dairy cows. The treatments consisted of two structures obtained as a function of canopy-light interception: high-light interception (HLI) and low-light interception (LLI), with different pre-grazing heights in the first grazing cycle. Pasture was managed under rotational grazing with a herbage allowance not below 30 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day. Three grazing cycles, with a grazing interval of 30 days, were evaluated. Pre-grazing herbage mass was greater (2,240 vs. 1,656 kg ha-1 DM), but the proportion of leaf blades was smaller (0.35 vs. 0.43) for HLI swards. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were similar between treatments in the first grazing cycle, but in the second and third ones NDF was greater, and OMD lower, for the HLI swards. Milk yields were greater for cows grazing LLI swards (19.4 vs. 21.1 kg per day). Initial grazing with 90% of light interception promotes greater nutritional value in the subsequent cycles.

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Intercropping black oat (Avena strigosa) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) can increase pasture leaf production compared with their monocultures

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 574 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paulo G. Duchini ◽

Gabriela C. Guzatti ◽

Henrique M. N. Ribeiro-Filho ◽

André F. Sbrissia

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Incident Radiation ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Avena Strigosa

Multi-species pastures have been viewed as a means to increase forage production relative to monocultures through enhanced three-dimensional occupation of the canopy, which will intercept and use the incident radiation more efficiently. For this to occur, increased production of photosynthetically active tissues such as leaves is required. We tested the hypothesis that intercropping of black oats (Avena strigosa Schum.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can increase total and leaf forage production compared with their monocultures. Monocultures and mixed pastures of black oat and annual ryegrass were established, and their tiller morphogenetic and structural traits, as well as components of herbage production, were measured throughout the usage period of the pastures. There was no difference between treatments for total growth rate (77.1 kg dry matter (DM) ha–1 day–1), but annual ryegrass pastures presented the greatest stem growth rate (38.1 kg DM ha–1 day–1). Taking into account only the vegetative phase, the intercropped pasture produced 20% more leaf than the monocultures. There were no differences between species, either in monoculture or intercropped, for phyllochron, final leaf length, leaf elongation duration and leaf elongation rate. The most important modification in morphogenetic variables due to the inter-specific competition was an increase in senescence rate of annual ryegrass leaves. The average specific green leaf weight in the intercropping pastures corresponded to 84.6% and 137.5% of those values observed for black oat and annual ryegrass pastures, respectively. On the other hand, the intercropping pastures presented 43.5% more tillers than the black oat pastures and 17.8% fewer tillers than the annual ryegrass pastures. It is suggested that intercropping black oat and annual ryegrass does not change tiller ontogenetic processes and that the association of their different size and shape in intercropped pastures could increase pasture leaf production over their monocultures.

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Herbage production, botanical and plant-part composition of mixed black oat (Avena strigosa Scherb.) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures under different management strategies

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1855 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1826-1832

Author(s):

André Brugnara Soares ◽

André Luis Finkler da Silveira ◽

Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽

Daniel Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Plant Part ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Forage Production

Mixing annual ryegrass and black oat can improve forage production in subtropical and temperate areas with integrated crop-livestock systems. Thus, we evaluated the forage production dynamics of mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures under different management strategies based on canopy height and supplement level. Pastures were continuously stocked with Boer goats at two grazing heights (12 or 21 cm); animals received or did not receive energy supplements (0 and 15 g kg-1 of body weight). These treatments were applied using a factorial scheme (2 × 2) and randomized block design with three replications. We evaluated the herbage accumulation rate (kg of DM h-1 day-1) using the exclusion cage technique, herbage mass (HM, kg of DM ha-1) using the double sampling technique, and botanical and plant-part composition (%) of destructive samplings. Supplementation had no effect on the parameters measured (P ≤ 0.05). Annual ryegrass become the predominant species during the experimental period and mainly at the lowest canopy height. Total herbage production during the 131 days of pasture utilization was 10,280 kg of DM ha-1. The herbage accumulation rate was similar between the two canopy heights; however, it varied throughout experimental period. Leaf lamina mass was lower in treatments 12 cm up to 102 after sowing; after that, they were equivalent. At the end of the study, herbage mass was 2720 kg DM ha-1 with the 21-cm treatment and 2170 kg DM ha-1 with the 12-cm treatment. It is recommended to maintain mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures at 12 cm in height. Reasons are discussed throughout the text.

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Effects of Herbicides on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Forage Production, and Economic Returns from Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/0890-037x(2001)015[0264:eohoir]2.0.co;2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

MATTHEW A. BARNES ◽

THOMAS F. PEEPER ◽

FRANCIS M. EPPLIN ◽

EUGENE G. KRENZER

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Forage Production ◽

Dual Purpose

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Cropping systems for annual forage production in northeast Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. McCartney ◽

L. Townley-Smith ◽

A. Vaage ◽

J. Pearen

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Secale Cereale L

Herbage production for silage and pasture production of annual species was investigated near Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) were seeded as spring monocrops (SMC) and in binary intercrop (IC) mixtures with fall species including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fall rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack L.), biennial Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and annual Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Fall species were also seeded as monocrops (FMC). Silage Spring harvest occurred when barley (early-silage cut) and oats (late-silage cut) reached soft dough stage and again late in the autumn. An additional deferred grazing (DG) treatment containing each one fall species was harvested once in the autumn. Mean ranking of spring herbage silage yield was Oat-SMC (100%) > Oat-IC (91%) > Barley-SMC (83%) = Barley-IC (78%) > late-cut FMC (53%) > early-cut FMC (42%) (P ≤ 0.001). SilageSpring herbage yield of IC combinations was similar, but FMCs containing annual ryegrass were 26% to 34% (P ≤ .01) greater than other treatments. Crude protein content (g kg-1) was 14 to 35% higher (P ≤ 0.001) in IC systems than the corresponding SMC. Neutraleutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content (g kg-1) of barley based systems was 15 and 22% lower (P ≤ 0.001) than those with oats. Ranking and relative productivity for fall pasture was DG (100%) > early-cut FMC (67%) > late-cut FMC (49%) > Barley-IC (30%) > Oat-IC (24%) = Barley-SMC (14%) (P ≤ 0.001). Cropping systems that contained no spring cereal produced 2.37-fold higher (P ≤ 0.001) fall pasture yield than those with spring cereals. Among FMCs, ICs and DG systems, mean yield of ryegrass treatments were generally higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of fall cereals. Key words: Annual forage, deferred grazing, intercrop, monocrop

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Does the residual effect of n-fertilization applied on corn phase maintain forage production of the following pasture phase in an integrated crop-livestock system?

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n0a2020-53545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Bernardon ◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

Denise Adelaide Gomes Elejalde ◽

Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽

Angélica Caroline Zatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Winter Season ◽

Residual Effect ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Forage Production ◽

Summer Crop ◽

Livestock System

Nutrient cycling represents an important nutrient source in the Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS). In general, only the crop phase of the ICLS is fertilized, however little is known about this residual effect of nitrogen fertilization from summer crop to succeeding winter pasture. This research aimed to evaluate the forage growth dynamic and botanical composition of a mixed pasture of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) affected by two canopy height managements (high and low) and nitrogen fertilization applied to either the summer crop (corn) or winter pasture phase of an ICLS. The experiment was established in 2012 in southern Brazil. Black oat and ryegrass were growing during winter season and corn (Zea mays L.) during summer season, being this paper related to the 2014 pasture period. Treatments were composed by two canopy heights (25 and 10 cm) and two N-Fertilization Times (N-Pasture or N-Corn) of 200 kg of N ha-1. Canopy height was regulated by beef steers grazing through continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate. Forage mass was lower in the 10 cm canopy height on average, however this forage mass was composed by greater proportion of ryegrass leaves and lower proportion of dead material in relation to the treatment with 25 cm canopy height. The N-fertilization applied directly on pasture phase (N-Pasture) increased forage mass, tiller population density, participation of ryegrass and ryegrass leaf proportion in the forage mass. Furthermore, when pasture was fertilized with N, the forage accumulation rate increased about 69%, highlighting that the corn N-fertilization did not present significant effect on forage productivity. The residual effect of corn N-fertilization was not enough to maintain high forage accumulation. Thus, the pasture N-fertilization is fundamental to keep high-productive crop-livestock system.

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Forage production dynamics of winter annual grasses sown on different dates

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000300007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 509-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edison Antonio Pin ◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

Jean Carlo Possenti ◽

Jussara Maria Ferrazza

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Total Production ◽

Forage Production ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

High Production ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Production Dynamics

This experiment was carried out from April to September 2008 with the objective of evaluating the forage production dynamics of winter annual grasses (Avena strigosa Schereb cv. IAPAR-61; Lolium multiflorum Lam cv. Comum; Avena strigosa cv. Comum; Avena sativa cv. IPR 126; and Triticum aestivum L cv. BRS Tarumã) on four sowing dates (April 4th, April 24th, May 14th and June 3rd). A completely randomized blocks with four replications was used. It was evaluated number of days and production at the first cutting, total production, number of cuts and density of plants and tillers. There is a strong interaction among cultivars and sowing dates for all analyzed variables and this indicates opportunities of choosing multiple combinations among cultivar and sowing dates to manipulate forage production aiming at easing forage gaps. The late season oats (IPR 126 and IAPAR 61) present high production and forage distribution capacities, especially if sown until mid-April.

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Production Characteristics of Ryegrass Pasture under Different Intensities of Grazing and Nitrogen Fertilization in Integrated Crop-livestock Systems

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.af-676 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Antonio Beltran-Barriga ◽

Rosangela Corrêa-de Lima ◽

Ricardo Befart-Aiolfi ◽

André Brugnara-Soares ◽

Tangriani Simioni-Assmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Forage Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Livestock Systems ◽

Production Characteristics

Background: There is little information on the effect of interaction between grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass pasture in a crop-livestock integration system. Methods: A randomized complete block experimental design with a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement was used, with three replications. The study factors were two management grass heights, low height (LH = 10 cm) and high height (HH = 25 cm), two different nitrogen fertilization times (NP = nitrogen applied to pasture and NG = nitrogen applied to grains crop) and five evaluation periods. Result: The forage mass was higher at higher handling heights and with lower stocking rate (HH = 3995 kg DM ha-1). The forage density tended to be higher in the plots with lower grass height and nitrogen fertilization (LH = 193.5 and NP = 184.7 kg DM ha-1 cm-1). The highest accumulation rate (AR) and forage production (FP) was observed in managed pastures with HHNP (AR = 120.4 kg DM ha-1 day-1; FP = 18471 kg DM ha-1). The management of grass with HHNP provided higher forage mass, higher accumulation rate and higher dry matter production in ryegrass pasture, due to an adequate stocking rate.

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