scholarly journals Does the residual effect of n-fertilization applied on corn phase maintain forage production of the following pasture phase in an integrated crop-livestock system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Bernardon ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Denise Adelaide Gomes Elejalde ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Angélica Caroline Zatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Summer Crop ◽  
Livestock System

Nutrient cycling represents an important nutrient source in the Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS). In general, only the crop phase of the ICLS is fertilized, however little is known about this residual effect of nitrogen fertilization from summer crop to succeeding winter pasture. This research aimed to evaluate the forage growth dynamic and botanical composition of a mixed pasture of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) affected by two canopy height managements (high and low) and nitrogen fertilization applied to either the summer crop (corn) or winter pasture phase of an ICLS. The experiment was established in 2012 in southern Brazil. Black oat and ryegrass were growing during winter season and corn (Zea mays L.) during summer season, being this paper related to the 2014 pasture period. Treatments were composed by two canopy heights (25 and 10 cm) and two N-Fertilization Times (N-Pasture or N-Corn) of 200 kg of N ha-1. Canopy height was regulated by beef steers grazing through continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate. Forage mass was lower in the 10 cm canopy height on average, however this forage mass was composed by greater proportion of ryegrass leaves and lower proportion of dead material in relation to the treatment with 25 cm canopy height. The N-fertilization applied directly on pasture phase (N-Pasture) increased forage mass, tiller population density, participation of ryegrass and ryegrass leaf proportion in the forage mass. Furthermore, when pasture was fertilized with N, the forage accumulation rate increased about 69%, highlighting that the corn N-fertilization did not present significant effect on forage productivity. The residual effect of corn N-fertilization was not enough to maintain high forage accumulation. Thus, the pasture N-fertilization is fundamental to keep high-productive crop-livestock system.

scholarly journals Herbage production, botanical and plant-part composition of mixed black oat (Avena strigosa Scherb.) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures under different management strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1826-1832
Author(s):  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
André Luis Finkler da Silveira ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Daniel Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production

Mixing annual ryegrass and black oat can improve forage production in subtropical and temperate areas with integrated crop-livestock systems. Thus, we evaluated the forage production dynamics of mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures under different management strategies based on canopy height and supplement level. Pastures were continuously stocked with Boer goats at two grazing heights (12 or 21 cm); animals received or did not receive energy supplements (0 and 15 g kg-1 of body weight). These treatments were applied using a factorial scheme (2 × 2) and randomized block design with three replications. We evaluated the herbage accumulation rate (kg of DM h-1 day-1) using the exclusion cage technique, herbage mass (HM, kg of DM ha-1) using the double sampling technique, and botanical and plant-part composition (%) of destructive samplings. Supplementation had no effect on the parameters measured (P ≤ 0.05). Annual ryegrass become the predominant species during the experimental period and mainly at the lowest canopy height. Total herbage production during the 131 days of pasture utilization was 10,280 kg of DM ha-1. The herbage accumulation rate was similar between the two canopy heights; however, it varied throughout experimental period. Leaf lamina mass was lower in treatments 12 cm up to 102 after sowing; after that, they were equivalent. At the end of the study, herbage mass was 2720 kg DM ha-1 with the 21-cm treatment and 2170 kg DM ha-1 with the 12-cm treatment. It is recommended to maintain mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures at 12 cm in height. Reasons are discussed throughout the text.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-27 Late-Breaking: Effects of grazing management and nitrogen fertilization on Marandu palisade grass production in silvopastoral systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Josimari R Paschoaloto ◽  
José Charlis Alves Andrade ◽  
Marcia Vitoria Santos ◽  
Leandro Diego da Silva ◽  
Priscila Junia Rodrigues da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Forage Production

Abstract Integrated systems have been gaining prominence in recent years, especially the crop-livestock-forestry, which, in addition to being an alternative income per area, increase fertility and organic matter content in the soil, and protect animals against weather conditions. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the management of pastures under such conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the grazing management and nitrogen fertilization in Marandu palisade grass consorted with Eucalyptus to obtain the greater of forage production. The experimental design was a randomized block, arranged in split-plot, the plots were composed of two eucalyptus spacing (12 x 2 or 12 x 3) and Marandu monoculture, the subplots were composed of the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 100, 200 kg N/ha using ammonium sulfate). The higher DM accumulation rate was observed at 200 kg N ha-1 (69.29 kg DM ha-1 day), while there was no difference between the treatments without fertilization and 100 kg N ha-1 (P > 0.001). DM accumulation rate increased by 30.01% when fertilization increased from 100 kg N ha-1 to 200 kg N ha-1. Marandu palisade grass with 200 kg N ha-1 showed the highest production (28.82 t ha-1) independent of spacing. In the silvopastoral system, the greater accumulation of forage was observed when handled with 80% of the light interception (LI), corresponding to a height of 67 cm. Therefore, we conclude that Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, without N fertilization, should be managed with a pre-grazing height of 60 cm and 73% LI. Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, with 100 kg N ha-1 fertilization, should be managed with a height of 68 cm and 84% LI, and, with 200 kg N ha-1, should be managed at 80% of LI for the greater pasture utilization and development.

scholarly journals Production Characteristics of Ryegrass Pasture under Different Intensities of Grazing and Nitrogen Fertilization in Integrated Crop-livestock Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Beltran-Barriga ◽  
Rosangela Corrêa-de Lima ◽  
Ricardo Befart-Aiolfi ◽  
André Brugnara-Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni-Assmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Production Characteristics

Background: There is little information on the effect of interaction between grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass pasture in a crop-livestock integration system. Methods: A randomized complete block experimental design with a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement was used, with three replications. The study factors were two management grass heights, low height (LH = 10 cm) and high height (HH = 25 cm), two different nitrogen fertilization times (NP = nitrogen applied to pasture and NG = nitrogen applied to grains crop) and five evaluation periods. Result: The forage mass was higher at higher handling heights and with lower stocking rate (HH = 3995 kg DM ha-1). The forage density tended to be higher in the plots with lower grass height and nitrogen fertilization (LH = 193.5 and NP = 184.7 kg DM ha-1 cm-1). The highest accumulation rate (AR) and forage production (FP) was observed in managed pastures with HHNP (AR = 120.4 kg DM ha-1 day-1; FP = 18471 kg DM ha-1). The management of grass with HHNP provided higher forage mass, higher accumulation rate and higher dry matter production in ryegrass pasture, due to an adequate stocking rate.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility in Crop-Livestock System Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Grazing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
L. R. Sartor ◽  
I. E. Sandini ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho ◽  
B. E. S. Ruthes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Livestock System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep grazing and increasing rates of nitrogen fertilization on oats + ryegrass at winter on the soil K, Ca, H + Al, Mg and P concentrations in a crop-livestock system with beans and corn crop succession during summer after four years (2006-2009) of the experiment establishment. Treatments consisted of different nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1) with and without sheep grazing Lolium multiflorum Lam and Avena spp. Soil chemical traits were evaluated at depths of 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm. The experiment was laid out as random block design in a split-plot scheme with three replications. Soil K content were higher at the superficial soil layer and at the treatment with 150 kg ha-1 N and remained high along the four years of assessment. Animal grazing at winter results in better soil chemical traits in relation to the soil Ca and H + Al. There were no nutrient (K, Ca, P and Mg) losses or extraction when under overgrazing, a fact that confirms the possibility of using animals in the crop-livestock areas without affecting its chemical traits. There was also an increase in Ca and SB concentrations with grazing, including in subsurface soil.

scholarly journals Italian ryegrass cultivars production associated or not with oat black under two post-grazing residues

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Renato Marchesan ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Roniclei Tonion ◽  
Clederson Martinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Avena Strigosa

The objective of this study was to define the input height to grazing and evaluate forage production of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cv. Barjumbo and cv. Common associated or not with oat black forage (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, submitted to two post-grazing. Treatments consisted of a 4x2 factorial design, totaling eight treatments with three replications, being evaluated common and Barjumbo ryegrass, single and mixed with black oat in two highs of post-grazing residue: High: 50% of input height; Low: 30% of input height. Single Common ryegrass and combined with black oat obtained higher production than Barjumbo cultivate, and greater accumulation rate only when intercropped with black oat. Leaf blades production did not differ among cultivars. Stems production was low to Barjumbo cultivar. Black oat production was higher when associated with Barjumbo. Input height to Italian ryegrass cultivars with 95% light interception was 26.86 cm to Barjumbo and 28.75 cm to common cultivar, and when combined with black oat 34.01 cm and 32.48 cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Production of annual winter forage sown before and after soybean harvest under different nitrogen fertilization levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Francisco Migliorini ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pattis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Before And After

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen rates on the persistence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) forage production

2020 ◽  
pp. 1549-1554
Author(s):  
Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽  
Juliana Medianeira Machado ◽  
Luiz Pedro Bonetti ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
The University

This work aimed at evaluating the influence of nitrogen rates on the persistence of ryegrass forage production during four agricultural years. The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the University of Cruz Alta, Brazil. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with four agricultural years (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016) × four harvesting times (first, second, third and fourth) × seven nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1), arranged in four replicates. The application of nitrogen on natural re-sowing ryegrass promotes the increase in dry biomass production across agricultural years. The use of nitrogen as topdressing showed little effect on the persistence of ryegrass plants in the four years of study. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization was inversely proportional to the increment of the nitrogen doses used. It is fundamental to understand the behavior of nitrogen fertilization in pastures with natural re-sowing and its effects on the persistence of the plants throughout agricultural years, as well as their participation in the sustainability of agricultural activity. Keywords: biomass production, Lolium multiflorum, urea, Brazil.

scholarly journals Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions in Warm-Season Pastures: Effects of Nitrogen Management Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Andressa S. Berça ◽  
Abmael da S. Cardoso ◽  
Vanessa Z. Longhini ◽  
Luís O. Tedeschi ◽  
Robert Michael Boddey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Source Control ◽  
True Protein ◽  
N Management ◽  
The Impact

Nitrogen (N) management affects herbage production and chemical composition; however, information on the impact of tropical herbage on N and carbohydrate fractions is scarce. A two-year study was conducted to investigate the potential use of pintoi peanut (Arachis pintoi) compared with N fertilization of palisade grass (Brachiariabrizantha cv. Marandu) by evaluating the herbage chemical composition (fractionation of protein and carbohydrate), herbage mass and accumulation rate, herbage disappearance rate, and stocking rate of pastures. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments, and four replications (paddocks) were used with twenty-one non-lactating crossbred dairy heifers. Treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without a N source (control), fertilized with urea (150 kg/ha/year; fertilized), or mixed with pintoi peanut (mixed). Inclusion of the legume increased concentrations of fractions A (p = 0.009), which is the soluble N compound, and B3 (p < 0.001), which is slowly degraded true protein, compared with pastures fertilized with N and non-fertilized pastures. Nitrogen fertilization increased fraction B1 + B2 (p = 0.046), mainly true proteins, and decreased fraction C (p = 0.0007), indigestible protein, and neutral detergent fiber concentrations (p = 0.0003), contributing to increasing the nutritive value of the herbage. Additionally, N fertilization increased herbage mass (p = 0.004) and herbage allowance (p = 0.0001). Both N fertilization and biologically fixed N increased herbage allowance (p = 0.02) and accumulation rate (p = 0.02), as well as the crude protein content of herbage (p < 0.0001) compared with non-fertilized pastures. Nitrogen fertilization increased true protein and decreased indigestible protein of herbage and promoted a greater herbage mass production, while the inclusion of legumes increased soluble protein and decreased the slowly degraded true protein of herbage. Both N management strategies increased herbage allowance and accumulation rate.

scholarly journals The effect of residual nitrogen fertilization on the yield components, forage quality, and performance of beef cattle fed on Mombaça grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Alexandre Romeiro de Araujo ◽  
Valeria Pacheco Batista Euclides
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual nitrogen (N) on pastures of Mombaça grass and its impact on pasture structure and the nutritive value and performance of beef cattle. The experiment analyzed randomized blocks subdivided into plots, with three replications. The research focused on a number of pastures having received three annual doses of N (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) from 2015 to 2017, with no N fertilization in 2018. The results indicated that pastures under residual effect of 300 kg ha-1 of N were characterized by higher (P<0.05) rates of forage accumulation than those under the residual effect of 100 kg ha-1 N. Furthermore, this study indicated no effect (P>0.05) on the pasture nutritive value and average daily gain (0.490 kg day-1). The stocking rate was higher (P<0.05) in pastures under the residual effect of 300 kg ha-1 of N, and lower in those at 100 kg ha-1 of N, while weight gain per area followed the trend observed in the stocking rate. The results thus suggest that the suspension of N fertilization for one year after three years of sequential fertilization was responsible for an immediate loss of 50 and 55% of the productivity of plants and animals, respectively. Highlights: Fundamental nitrogen fertilization to ensure pasture productivity. The use of nitrogen fertilization has been limited by cost, due to the extension of the areas involved and the need for frequent applications. We suspended nitrogen fertilization for one year after using the same doses of nitrogen for three years in order to evaluate a possible residual effect on plant and animal production. Suspending the N fertilization of Mombaça grass for one year after three years of sequential fertilization with the same doses leaves a residual effect on the pasture structure and performance of beef cattle. The suspension of nitrogen fertilization reduces the rate of forage accumulation by an average of 50%, causing a 55% reduction in animal productivity.

RESPONSE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION UNDER VARYING TILLAGE AND CROP ESTABLISHMENT PRACTICES IN GREENGRAM (VIGNA RADIATA)–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. SHARMA ◽  
U. K. BEHERA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Raised Bed

SUMMARYWheat grown under zero tillage (ZT) and raised-bed following a legume crop may have a variable N requirement compared with conventionally-tilled flat-sown crop. A field experiment was conducted for two years during 2005–07 to study the effect of varying tillage (conventional and zero), crop establishment (flat and raised-bed sowing) and N fertilization (0–160 kg N ha−1) on wheat grown after greengram at New Delhi, India. Rainy-season greengram performed equally well under flat and raised-bed planting, but the seed yield was 25.9% lower under ZT than conventional tillage (CT) conditions. Wheat following greengram during winter season also showed better growth and yield under CT than ZT, as well as under flat sowing than furrow-irrigated raised-bed (FIRB) system. The grain yield was highest under CT-flat, and decreased by 5.4–9.4% under FIRB system. Nitrogen fertilization up to 120 kg N ha−1under CT and 160 kg N ha−1under ZT increased grain yield, and the optimum doses were worked out to be 147.1 and 154.2 kg ha−1, respectively. Nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with N levels but remained more or less similar under tillage and crop establishment practices. Maximum returns and B:C ratio were obtained under CT-flat, followed closely by ZT-flat.

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