scholarly journals Characterization of sewage sludge generated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and perspectives for agricultural recycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Henrique Marques de Abreu ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos Leles ◽  
Jorge Makhlouta Alonso ◽  
Elton Luis Da Silva Abel ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Janeiro State

Sanitary sewage collection and treatment is a serious environmental problem in Brazilian cities, as well as the destination of solid waste resulting from this process, i.e. the sewage sludge, a substance rich in organic matter and nutrients, which is normally discarded in landfills. The aim of this study was to characterize the sewage sludge generated in four treatment stations in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and check if they meet the legal criteria of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), Resolution No. 375/2006. It also focused on analyzing the perspectives for its agricultural recycling based on the potential demand for main agricultural crops grown in Rio de Janeiro State. Samples from eight sewage sludge lots from four treatment stations located in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. These stations receive and treat only domestic sewage by activated sludge system. For chemical and biological characterization of these lots, representative samples were collected and analyzed according to parameters of CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. In order to analyze the perspectives of agricultural recycling of sewage sludge in Rio de Janeiro State, 10 crops with the largest cultivated area in the state were surveyed and analyzed which of them are apt to receive sewage sludge as fertilizer and/or soil amendment. To determine the potential demand for sewage sludge in agriculture, the area occupied by these crops were multiplied by each fertilizer recommendation considering the sewage sludge as fertilizer. The analyzed sludge presented a high content of nutrients and organic matter and was included in the parameters of heavy metals, pathogenic agents, and bacteriological indicators stipulated by CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. The agricultural panorama of Rio de Janeiro State is favorable for agricultural recycling of sewage sludge since there is a great potential demand for this residue and, among the 10 agricultural crops with the largest cultivated area in the state, sludge can be used as fertilizer or soil amendment in eight of them. The implementation of a State Sewage Sludge Recycling Program could dispose of this material in a more sustainable way, as well as improve the quality of agricultural soils and reduce costs with chemical fertilizers, bringing positive results for sanitation companies and producers.

scholarly journals Characterization of sewage sludge generated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and perspectives for agricultural recycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Alan Henrique Marques de Abreu ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos Leles ◽  
Jorge Makhlouta Alonso ◽  
Elton Luis Da Silva Abel ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Janeiro State

Sanitary sewage collection and treatment is a serious environmental problem in Brazilian cities, as well as the destination of solid waste resulting from this process, i.e. the sewage sludge, a substance rich in organic matter and nutrients, which is normally discarded in landfills. The aim of this study was to characterize the sewage sludge generated in four treatment stations in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and check if they meet the legal criteria of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), Resolution No. 375/2006. It also focused on analyzing the perspectives for its agricultural recycling based on the potential demand for main agricultural crops grown in Rio de Janeiro State. Samples from eight sewage sludge lots from four treatment stations located in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. These stations receive and treat only domestic sewage by activated sludge system. For chemical and biological characterization of these lots, representative samples were collected and analyzed according to parameters of CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. In order to analyze the perspectives of agricultural recycling of sewage sludge in Rio de Janeiro State, 10 crops with the largest cultivated area in the state were surveyed and analyzed which of them are apt to receive sewage sludge as fertilizer and/or soil amendment. To determine the potential demand for sewage sludge in agriculture, the area occupied by these crops were multiplied by each fertilizer recommendation considering the sewage sludge as fertilizer. The analyzed sludge presented a high content of nutrients and organic matter and was included in the parameters of heavy metals, pathogenic agents, and bacteriological indicators stipulated by CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. The agricultural panorama of Rio de Janeiro State is favorable for agricultural recycling of sewage sludge since there is a great potential demand for this residue and, among the 10 agricultural crops with the largest cultivated area in the state, sludge can be used as fertilizer or soil amendment in eight of them. The implementation of a State Sewage Sludge Recycling Program could dispose of this material in a more sustainable way, as well as improve the quality of agricultural soils and reduce costs with chemical fertilizers, bringing positive results for sanitation companies and producers.

scholarly journals Compost and Sewage Sludge for the Improvement of Soil Chemical and Biological Quality of Mediterranean Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Enrica Picariello ◽  
Luca Pucci ◽  
Maurizio Carotenuto ◽  
Giovanni Libralato ◽  
Giusy Lofrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biological Quality

Conventional fertilization practices in agroecosystems concern the supply of bioavailable nutrients, such as mineral fertilizers. A consolidated alternative to restoring the long-term fertility of agricultural soils is their amendment with organic fertilizers. Soil amendment with biowaste compost or sewage sludge represents a sustainable strategy to avoid the landfilling of organic matter derived from urban waste and sewage sludge. This study aims at validating the use of quality biowaste compost and sewage sludge from secondary sedimentation (alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers) in a Mediterranean agroecosystem and their effects on soil chemical and biological quality, with a view to verifying the maintenance of soil fertility and functionality. In particular, the dynamics of soil organic matter, pH, potentially toxic elements and microbial community functionality were assessed, in experimental mesocosms, during 6 months of incubation. The research showed that, while soil amendment with biowaste compost induces positive effects on soil organic matter and phosphorous concentrations, as well as on microbial community functionality, the amendment with the selected sewage sludge does not determine any benefit to the microbial community or any danger in relation to soil potentially toxic element concentrations and toxicity. The quantity of sewage sludge employed, chosen according to regional directives, was thus not enough to stimulate the edaphic microflora activity.

scholarly journals Organic matter composition in the sediment of three Brazilian coastal lagoons: district of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Gerhard Zink ◽  
André L. S. Furtado ◽  
Peter Casper ◽  
Lorenz Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Anthropogenic Input ◽  
Bulk Organic Matter ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

Freshwater lagoons comprise important coastal ecosystems and natural buffers between urbanized land areas and open ocean in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Studies of sediment and water chemistry, zooplankton and bacterial communities to assess the extent of anthropogenic disturbance are available. Here we contribute with an organic-geochemical approach supplemented by some microbiological aspects to complete the characterization of these lagoonal ecosystems. Bulk organic matter and extractable lipids (aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and fatty acids, sterols) were investigated from two locations per lagoon: at the seaward site and landward ends - and at two depth intervals (0-3 and 3-6 cm) per site. Urbanized Imboacica Lagoon received increased anthropogenic input over the most recent years represented by the topmost 3 cm of sediment, whereas deeper sediment layers are less affected by human influence. Eutrophication or nutrient availability favored enhanced algal/cyanobacterial growth. In remote Cabiúnas and Comprida Lagoons pristine conditions are preserved. Organic matter from vascular plants dominates (chain length of free lipids up to C36), which is exceptionally well preserved by acidic lagoonal waters. Differentiation between landward and seaward sites in these two lagoons is less well established due to much smaller surface/volume to catchment ratios. No anthropogenic influences are yet detectable in sediments of Cabiúnas and Comprida Lagoons.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Organic matter mineralisation in contrasting agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge .

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro Pedreño ◽  
Ignacio Gómez Lucas ◽  
Jose Martín Soriano Disla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Sludge Application

The mineralisation of organic matter (OM) when sewage sludge was used as amendment in 70 contrasting agricultural soils from Spain was analysed. Soils received a single dose of sewage sludge (equivalent to 50t dry weight ha<sup>-1</sup>) and the O<sub>2</sub> consumption was continuously monitored for 30 days using a multiple sensor respirometer in a laboratory experiment. The cumulative O<sub>2</sub> consumption and rates after 8 and 30 days of incubation (O<sub>2 cum</sub> 8d, 30d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, 30d), the respiratory quotient (RQ), the maximum O<sub>2</sub> rates over the incubation period (O<sub>2 max</sub>) and time from the beginning of the incubation when O<sub>2 max</sub> occurred (T<sub>max</sub>), were determined in both amended and non-amended soils. Sewage sludge application resulted in increased values for O<sub>2 max</sub>, O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, and O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d. Differences were minor for T<sub>max</sub>, RQ 8d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 30d. A considerable amount of the initial OM applied was mineralised during the first 8 days. Organic matter decomposition (as expressed by O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d) was favoured in soils with high values of pH, carbonates, soil organic carbon and low values of amorphous Mn. Soils with these characteristics may potentially lose soil C after sewage sludge application.

Characterization of the zoonotic potential of Toxoplasma gondii in horses from Rio de Janeiro State

Acta Tropica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina S. Venturi ◽  
Andressa F. da Silva ◽  
Edwards Frazão-Teixeira ◽  
Francisco C.R. de Oliveira ◽  
Angélica Consalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Janeiro State

scholarly journals Laser-induced fluorescence of organic matter from a Brazilian Oxisol under sewage-sludge applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha González Pérez ◽  
Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori ◽  
Ladislau Martin-Neto ◽  
Luiz Alberto Colnago ◽  
Otávio Antonio de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Mineral Matrix ◽  
High Fluorescence ◽  
Lif Spectroscopy ◽  
Pi System

Sludge applications have been used to maintain fertility of agricultural soils without damaging the natural ecosystem. The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of sewage-sludge addition on the quality of organic matter (OM) of a Brazilian Oxisol by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). LIF was used to analyze OM of whole soil and different soil fractions separated by chemical and physical methods. The high fluorescence contribution of humin fraction to the fluorescence of whole soils was shown, stressing the importance of studying OM associated to mineral matrix of soil. Spectra with different shapes were obtained for every particle size fraction, indicating differences in organic compounds bounded to them. The fraction with the higher carbon content was the 2-20 µm, that contains ~5% C and represents only 10% in soil, but stores 34-39 % of total C and shows the highest fluorescence intensity. The spectrum of this fraction shows its heterogeneity and a higher concentration of compounds which fluorescence is centered at 510 nm. This indicates a higher concentration of unsaturated bond systems capable of high degree of resonance, increased conjugation of the electron pi system, and higher aromaticity comparing with other fractions. No differences were detected for treatments of sewage-sludge applications. LIF spectroscopy is a promising technique for OM studies in whole soils, allowing to study spatial distribution of OM within the soil's mineral matrix, including Oxisols.

scholarly journals The remnants of restinga habitats in the brazilian Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: habitat loss and risk of disappearance

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
CFD. Rocha ◽  
HG. Bergallo ◽  
M. Van Sluys ◽  
MAS. Alves ◽  
CE. Jamel
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Extensive Degradation ◽  
Janeiro State

"Restingas" (herbaceous/shrubby coastal sand-dune habitats) used to cover most of Rio de Janeiro State coast, and have suffered extensive degradation over the last five centuries. Using satellite images and field work, we identified the remaining restingas in the State, recording the factors that might cause their degradation. We used two mosaics of Landsat 7 scenes (spatial resolution 15 and 30 m) to map and evaluate preliminarly the remaining areas and conservation status. Each remnant area was checked in the field, degraded areas within it were mapped and subtracted from the remnants. We identified 21 restinga remnants totalling 105,285 ha. The largest and smallest restinga remnants were Jurubatiba (25,141 ha) and Itaipu (23 ha), respectively. We identified 14 causes of degradation. The most important were vegetation removal for housing developments, establishment of exotic plant species, change of original substrate, and selective removal of species of economic importance for the horticultural industry. All restingas had disturbed parts under strong pressure due to human activities. Due to intense habitat loss, and occurrence of endemic/threatened vertebrate species in restinga habitats, we strongly indicate the implementation of new conservation units to protect these fragile remnants. This habitat is steadily decreasing and most remnants lack legal protection. Therefore, under the current human pressure most of this unique habitat is likely to be lost from the State within the next few years.

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