Resistance to monepantel in multiresistant gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul

The excessive, indiscriminate, and continued use of anthelmintic drugs as control methods favors parasite resistance, and this phenomenon has been reported in Brazil and worldwide. The current status of parasite resistance to anthelmintic drugs in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul was assessed by calculating the EPG count in the stool to estimate the prevalence of resistance to the anthelmintic drugs closantel, levamisole, fenbendazole, monepantel, and moxidectin in seven properties. The animals from each flock were randomly distributed in six groups according to the anthelminthic drug used, as follows: T1, levamisole; T2, fenbendazole; T3, monepantel; T4, moxidectin; T5, closantel; and T6, control. On day zero, fecal samples were collected, and each animal was treated with one anthelminthic drug. Fecal samples were collected again after 14 days to calculate the efficacy of each active principle. Coproculture was performed using a pool of fecal samples from each group on day 0 and 14 to identify the predominant genera and prevalence of helminths. The genera identified in the coprocultures were Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Teladorsagia. All flocks developed resistance to levamisole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, and closantel. Moreover, resistance to monepantel was found in four of the seven farms. These results demonstrate the critical situation of anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul and the need to adopt other integrated control measures in addition to anthelmintic treatment.

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Assessment of the efficacy of commercial anthelmintics in horses naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) ◽

10.26605/medvet-v15n1-2354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Natália Soares Martins ◽

Diego Moscarelli Pinto ◽

Laís Leal da Cunha ◽

Júlia Somavilla Lignon ◽

Thais Cozza dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Lower Limit ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Southern Region ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽

South Of Brazil

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of commercial anthelmintics in horses naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes from the southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The anthelmintic efficacy was assessed by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and coproculture. Fecal samples were collected from 110 animals in seven farms located in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil. Criteria used to suspect anthelmintic resistance included percentages of efficacy lower than 95% and a lower limit of the confidence interval below 90%. Anthelmintic resistance was detected in five of the seven farms studied. Coproculture results show that, even after horses were treated with anthelmintics, infection by nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae was still present in animals from five farms.

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Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of beef cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Fernanda Ramos ◽

Luiza Pires Portella ◽

Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽

Caroline Zamperete Reginato ◽

Luciana Pötter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul

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Field and Molecular Evaluation of Anthelmintic Resistance of Nematode Populations from Cattle and Sheep Naturally Infected Pastured on Mixed Grazing areas at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-019-00137-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 118-127

Author(s):

Fernanda Ramos ◽

Camila Balconi Marques ◽

Caroline Zamperete Reginato ◽

Patricia Bräunig ◽

Vanessa Osmari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Molecular Evaluation ◽

Cattle And Sheep

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Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Southern Brazil sheep flocks

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612017058 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 427-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Plínio Aguiar de Oliveira ◽

Beatriz Riet-Correa ◽

Pablo Estima-Silva ◽

Ana Carolina Barreto Coelho ◽

Bianca Lemos dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Southern Region ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Parasitic Resistance ◽

The Common

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.

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Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.13752/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anteneh Wondimu ◽

Yehualashet Bayu

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Treated Group ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Global Threat ◽

Anthelmintic Drugs

Abstract Background: The occurrence of anthelmintic resistance to commonly used drugs is becoming worldwide constrain in livestock production. Considering the narrow range of available drugs and slow rate of new drug development, anthelmintic resistance presents an alarming global threat demanding vigilant monitoring and management. It is likely that anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal goats present in Ethiopia, but little information regarding the prevalence and species of nematode resistance to drugs is available. Current study done with objective to assess anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats to commonly used anthelmintic drugs. Results: The result of the FECRT % and lower 95% confidence limit reported the presence of anthelmintic resistance for tested drugs; albendazole (41.5%, 36.9), tetraclozan (69.5%, 66.1), tetramisole (91.1%, 87.4) and ivermectin (43%, 38.2) respectively. Trichostrongylus spp, Teladorsagia spp and Haemonchus spp showed anthelmintic resistance for all tested drugs. Coproculture from different treated group revealed of Trichostrongylus spp (69.2% in ivermectin and 59.6% in albendazole) was the predominant nematode followed by Teladorsagia spp (21.9% in albendazole and 14.7% in ivermectin). In tetraclozan treatment group, Trichostrongylus spp (42%) and Teladorsagia spp (41.3%) were comparable, followed by Haemonchus spp (13%). In group treated with tetramisole, Teladorsagia spp (54.3%) was the major nematode detected followed by Trichostrongylus spp (25.7%) and Haemonchus spp (11.4%). Conclusions: The study demonstrated the presence of multi-drug resistant nematodes mainly Trichostrongylus spp, Teladorsagia spp and Haemonchus spp. Control strategies including management practices of pasture rotation, supplementary feeding and encouraging traditional nematode control methods. Further studies covering wider areas of Ethiopia and mechanism of nematode resistance need to be studied in future.

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Anthelminthic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep to monepantel treatment in central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 48-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernanda Ramos ◽

Luiza P. Portella ◽

Fernando de S. Rodrigues ◽

Caroline Z. Reginato ◽

Alfredo S. Cezar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Infected Sheep ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Fecal Culture ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Anthelminthic Resistance ◽

On Farm ◽

Experimental Group

ABSTRACT: Given the numerous reports of anthelminthic resistance of sheep nematodes to different anthelmintic compounds, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes from naturally infected sheep to monepantel in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Four farms that present extensive raising system and absence of anthelmintic treatment for 60 days were selected for the study. Lambs that present counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) ≥200 (sensitivity of 50 EPG) one day (D-1) before the treatment were select for the study and randomly separated into two groups, a control group and an experimental group treated with monepantel. Feces were collected 9 days after the treatment (D+9) for EPG counts and fecal culture. The monepantel was 100% effective only on 2. The efficacy found on farm 1, 3, and 4 were 2.82%, 25.8%, and 78.4%, respectably. There were no viable larvae post-treatment at farm 2, but the genera Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, and Strongyloides were resistant to it at the other farms. This study shows the presence of parasites resistant to the treatment with monepantel, pointing to the importance of monitoring its efficacy in sheep flocks of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Status of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40110 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 378-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saiful Islam ◽

Anita Rani Dey ◽

Shirin Akter ◽

Hiranmoy Biswas ◽

Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limit ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Resistant Parasite ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

Sheep Farm ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status

Anthelmintic resistance has become a global problem that threatens livestock production worldwide. The present study was investigated the status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of small ruminants in two organized sheep and goat farms in two different areas of Bangladesh by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) for albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. In each farms, naturally infected animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals. Fecal samples from each group were collected on day 0 and day 14 of post treatment to measure the eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The fecal samples of each group before and after treatment were also considered for culture to identify resistant parasite. In case of organized sheep farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 90.17, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 97.82 and 55.68, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 98.25 and 96.77, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.79, 85.12 and 99.11, 88.31, respectively. In case of organized goat farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 0 and 0, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 97.99 and 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.59, 90.28 and 0, 0 respectively. The results revealed that gastrointestinal nematodes were found to be resistant to albendazole in organized sheep farm and suspected to be resistant to levamisole and ivermectin. In organized goat farms, the GI nematodes found to be susceptible to all anthelmintics used for this study. Coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp. were resistant parasite in sheep farm. This seems to be the first documentation of anthelmintic resistance against GI nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms in Bangladesh. Appropriate measures need to be taken to overcome the situation. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 378-382

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PRELIMINARY STUDY OF NEMATODE RESISTANCE TO ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS IN TWO GOAT FARMS IN TERENGGANU

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6690 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (24) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faisal Abubakar ◽

Asmad Kari ◽

Zawawi Ismail ◽

Tijjani Haruna Usman ◽

Abdul Rashid Baba

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Current Status ◽

Veterinary Research ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

The Mean ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Methods Of Control ◽

Anthelmintic Drugs

Gastrointestinal nematodes considered to be among the factors that could affect the goats’ productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of nematode resistance to anthelminthic drugs in two farms (Veterinary Research Academy Jenang, Marang and Hulu Seladang Setiu Farms). The goats were randomly divided into five treatments which include control (A), albendazole oral administration (B), levamisole oral administration (C), ivermectin subcutaneous injection (D) and ivermectin pour on groups (E). After two weeks of the treatment the feces were collected and fecal egg count was examined. The mean of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) obtained was not statistically (p>0.05) different between the treatments, and FECR% was lower than 66% in all of the five treatments (A, B, C, D and E). In conclusion, two farms revealed the resistance of nematode to Albendazole, Levamisole, and Ivermectin anthelmintic drugs. This study suggested that the anthelmintic treatment is unlikely to be the suitable method of controlling nematode population, thus studies are needed to investigate further on the effectiveness of other methods of control such as the use of herbs.

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Efficacy of commercial synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates associations used to control Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612017054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 500-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caroline Zamperete Reginato ◽

Gustavo Cauduro Cadore ◽

Fernanda Rezer de Menezes ◽

Luis Antonio Sangioni ◽

Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Immersion Test ◽

The State ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Active Principle ◽

Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Cattle Farms

Abstract This study evaluated the acaricidal efficiency of synthetic pyrethroids (SP) associated with organophosphates (OP) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Ticks were collected in 54 cattle farms and tested using in vitro adult immersion test against four commercially available acaricide mixtures of SP and OP. Only one of four acaricides, comprising a mixture of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and fenthion, had a mean efficiency higher than 95%, and was effective in 94.44% (51/54) of the cattle farms tested. The acaricide with a mixture of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronelall had the lowest mean efficiency (62.11%), and was effective in 29.62% (16/54) of cattle farms tested. Furthermore, R. (B.) microplus in Southern Brazil exhibited differing degrees of resistance to SP and OP mixtures. The results suggest that the presence of fenthion contributes to the higher efficiency of the formulation with this active principle. This is possibly due to its recent commercial availability, as tick populations have been lower challenged with this product. Monitoring the resistance of ticks to carrapaticides is essential to maximize the efficiency of these products in the control of R. (B.) microplus.

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Control measures recommended for goat gastrointestinal nematode infections after analysis of infection dynamics in the semiarid region of Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Diniz Vieira ◽

Franklin Riet Correa ◽

Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽

Márcia Alves de Medeiros ◽

Jouberdan Aurino Batista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Control Measures ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽

Lactating Goats

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine control measures for gastrointestinal nematodes in goats in the northeastern semiarid after analyzing the dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths during the drought, the evolution of the parasitic load after the first rains and the differences in susceptibility between goats of different categories and ages. Five farms were studied from March 2013 to January 2015. Feces were collected from all goats every month, for fecal egg counts (FECs). No treatment was required on any farm during the dry period. In 2013, with annual rainfall of 265-533 mm, treatments were not necessary during the rainy season. However, in 2014, with rainfall of 604-778 mm, treatments were necessary 60-90 days, after the first rains. On three farms, gastrointestinal nematodes showed multiple anthelmintic resistance. The FECs from lactating goats were significantly higher than from dry and young goats. In conclusion, in the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga biome), it is generally unnecessary to treat grazing goats during the dry season. In the rainy season, the parasite load increases 2-3 months after the first rains. In both, the dry and the rainy season, farmers should monitor their herds by means of FEC or another criterion (anemia or submandibular edema), to determine the need to treat.

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