scholarly journals Histopathological findings and immunohistochemical staining of Neospora caninum infection in placentas of animals for slaughter

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Allana Freitas Barros ◽  
Higor Ferreira Silva ◽  
Renata Mondêgo de Oliveira ◽  
Nathálya Dos Santos Martins ◽  
Mylena Andréa Oliveira Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Bovine Neosporosis ◽  
The City

Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, which is one of the main pathogens that cause abortions in cattle worldwide. It is responsible for large losses in dairy and beef cattle, especially with regard to the expenses associated with decreased productivity and increased discard. In the State of Maranhão, the occurrence of this parasite has already been confirmed in the dairy cattle of three microregions that make up the state’s dairy industry and in small ruminants of the municipalities of Amarante do Maranhão and Buritirana. This fact justifies the importance of determining the presence of N. caninum in cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses of the Island of São Luís, to help control the parasitic cycle in the cattle production system of the region under study, and the importance of its diagnosis. The objective of the research was to conduct a histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of bovine placentas infected with N. caninum collected in slaughterhouses. Sixteen placenta samples from cows were randomly selected at the slaughterhouses of the city of São Luís for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that 31% of the placentas presented histopathological changes such as: inflammatory process, edema, hemorrhage and presence of hemosiderin. All slides with histopathological changes showed immunolabeling for N. caninum.

scholarly journals Treatment of Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis in Farm Ruminants: State of Knowledge and Future Trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 1304-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Patricia Vázquez ◽  
Ignacio Ferre ◽  
Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are closely related protozoan diseases that lead to important economic impacts in farm ruminants. Toxoplasma gondii infection mainly causes reproductive failure in small ruminants and is a widespread zoonosis, whereas Neospora caninum infection is one of the most important causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. Vaccination has been considered the most economic measure for controlling these diseases. However, despite vaccine development efforts, only a liveattenuated T. gondii vaccine has been licensed for veterinary use, and no promising vaccines against neosporosis have been developed; therefore, vaccine development remains a key goal. Additionally, drug therapy could be a valuable strategy for disease control in farm ruminants, as several drugs that limit T. gondii and N. caninum proliferation and dissemination have been evaluated. This approach may also be relevant to performing an initial drug screening for potential human therapy for zoonotic parasites. Treatments can be applied against infections in adult ruminants to minimize the outcomes of a primo-infection or the reactivation of a chronic infection during gestation or in newborn ruminants to avoid infection chronification. In this review, the current status of drug development against toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in farm ruminants is presented, and in an effort to promote additional treatment options, prospective drugs that have shown efficacy in vitro and in laboratory animal models of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are examined.

Characterization of an Outbred Pregnant Mouse Model of Neospora caninum Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Helen E. Quinn ◽  
Catherine M. D. Miller ◽  
Cheryl Ryce ◽  
Peter A. Windsor ◽  
John T. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pregnant Mouse ◽  
Caninum Infection

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOLOGY AND PARASITE LOAD IN OUTBRED AND INBRED MOUSE MODELS OF CHRONIC NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Collantes-Fernández ◽  
Gema Álvarez-García ◽  
Valentín Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Juana Pereira-Bueno ◽  
Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Caninum Infection

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OUTBRED PREGNANT MOUSE MODEL OF NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Quinn ◽  
Catherine M. D. Miller ◽  
Cheryl Ryce ◽  
Peter A. Windsor ◽  
John T. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pregnant Mouse ◽  
Caninum Infection

scholarly journals Serological survey of Neospora caninum in small ruminants from Pernambuco State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Amélia Santos Mucalane Tembue ◽  
Rafael Antonio de Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Thais Rabelo de Sousa ◽  
Alessandra Ribeiro Albuquerque ◽  
Alvimar José da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Bovine Abortion

Neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion as well as neonatal mortality in goats and sheep. A serological survey for antibodies against N. caninum in goats and sheep was carried out in the municipality of Ibimirim, PE, Northeastern Brazil. The imunnofluoresce antibody test showed that 26.6% (85/319) of the goats and 64.2% (52/81) of the sheep were positive. Serologic reactivity was associated with age in goats (p < 0.01) and sheep (p > 0.05), with increasing rates in older animals. These results indicate exposure to N. caninum among small ruminants in the study area.

scholarly journals Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected small ruminants from northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise C.B.T. Nunes ◽  
Elise M. Yamasaki ◽  
Pomy C.P. Kim ◽  
Renata P.B. Melo ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Tissues

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are causative agents of abortion in sheep and goats. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the transplacental transmission of these protozoans in small ruminants of northeastern Brazil. Seventeen fetuses (6 goats and 11 sheep) from farms with history of abortion were necropsied and samples were collected from different tissues (brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart). The samples were analyzed by PCR, histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate whether T. gondii and/or N. caninum infection were the cause of abortion. None of the samples was positive for T. gondii according to PCR and IHC results. Some brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart samples of goat fetuses were positive for N. caninum by PCR. In the histopathology, mild mononuclear infiltration and necrosis with calcification were observed in the liver and brain of one goat fetus, respectively, that also was positive for N. caninum by PCR and IHC. The results confirmed vertical transmission of N. caninum in naturally infected goats of northeastern, Brazil.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Infections by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in Small Ruminants in Northern Italy

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Gazzonis ◽  
Luca Villa ◽  
MariaTeresa Manfredi ◽  
Sergio Zanzani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Prevalence

The objectives of this study were: (i) To investigate possible geographical or environmental factors influencing the infections by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in sheep and goats in northern Italy; (ii) to identify areas at risk of infection to set up preventive measures. Forty-three sheep and goat farms were included. Their locations were plotted and associated with T. gondii and N. caninum seroprevalence, then the distribution of farms’ prevalence was evaluated by spatial analysis. Significant clusters for both low and high prevalence were obtained, and a generalized linear model with ordinal logistic regression was implemented to verify if spatial clustering could be due to climate factors (temperature, rainfall, and their interaction). Clusters of high (80.0%) and low prevalence (28.12%) resulted for T. gondii seroprevalence in sheep farms. No significant clusters resulted for goat farms. Clusters of high (38.68%) and low prevalence (21.23%) resulted for N. caninum seroprevalence in sheep farms. One high-prevalence cluster (15.62%) resulted for goat farms. For goats, spatial analysis and analysis on climatic data showed the absence of environmental significant risk factors associated with T. gondii or N. caninum infection. On the contrary, for sheep, annual temperature, rainfall, and their association affected the risk of T. gondii and N. caninum infection. Particularly, high temperatures and abundant rainfalls were related to T. gondii seroprevalence, while low temperatures and scarce rainfalls were related to N. caninum seroprevalence.

Embryonated pigeon eggs as a model to investigate Neospora caninum infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bahrami ◽  
Annahita Rezaie ◽  
Zahra Boroomand ◽  
Mehdi Namavari ◽  
Sepideh Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

It has been shown that embryonated chicken eggs can be used as animal models for experimental infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate pigeon embryonated eggs as animal models for experimental neosporosis. An infection with Neospora caninum Nc1 isolate was conducted in chicken and pigeon embryonated eggs to evaluate LD50. After calculation of LD50, 2LD50 of tachyzoites were injected into the eggs. Macroscopic changes of each embryo were observed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular methods were used to investigate the parasitic distribution in the tissues. In the present study, histopathological changes were considered, and sections of those used for histopathological examination including the heart, liver, brain and chorioallantoic (CA) membrane were also subjected to IHC. Pigeon embryos showed more macroscopic changes than chicken embryos. A hemorrhage of the CA membrane was the main gross lesion. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed acute neosporosis due to hemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Based on IHC and molecular results, the parasite DNA was detected in the liver, heart and CA membrane. As with chicken embryonated eggs, these results reinforce the susceptibility of pigeon embryonated eggs to N. caninum, and provide new insights into using an inexpensive and available animal model for N. caninum research. The results of the present study suggest that pigeon embryos may be a good choice for studying the biology of N. caninum in living organisms.

scholarly journals Genomic investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Thiès, Senegal, in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gaye ◽  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
Awa B. Deme ◽  
Alphonse B. Thiaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
The City

AbstractDengue virus is a major and rapidly growing public health concern in tropic and subtropic regions across the globe. In late 2018, Senegal experienced its largest dengue virus outbreak to date, covering several regions. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in Senegal. Here we report complete viral genomes from 17 previously undetected DENV cases from the city of Thiès. In total we identified 19 cases of DENV in a cohort of 198 individuals with fever collected in October and November 2018. We detected 3 co-circulating serotypes; DENV 3 was the most frequent accounting for 11/17 sequences (65%), 4 (23%) were DENV2 and 2 (12%) were DENV1. Sequences were most similar to recent sequences from West Africa, suggesting ongoing local circulation of viral populations; however, detailed inference is limited by the scarcity of available genomic data. We did not find clear associations with reported clinical signs or symptoms, highlighting the importance of testing for diagnosing febrile diseases. Overall, these findings expand the known range of DENV in Senegal, and underscore the need for better genomic characterization of DENV in West Africa.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum Infection in a Litter of Labrador Retriever Dogs in Denmark

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
A. Flagstad ◽  
Η. Ε. Jensen ◽  
Ι. Bjerkàs ◽  
Κ. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Labrador Retriever ◽  
Caninum Infection
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