scholarly journals Genomic investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Thiès, Senegal, in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gaye ◽  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
Awa B. Deme ◽  
Alphonse B. Thiaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
The City

AbstractDengue virus is a major and rapidly growing public health concern in tropic and subtropic regions across the globe. In late 2018, Senegal experienced its largest dengue virus outbreak to date, covering several regions. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in Senegal. Here we report complete viral genomes from 17 previously undetected DENV cases from the city of Thiès. In total we identified 19 cases of DENV in a cohort of 198 individuals with fever collected in October and November 2018. We detected 3 co-circulating serotypes; DENV 3 was the most frequent accounting for 11/17 sequences (65%), 4 (23%) were DENV2 and 2 (12%) were DENV1. Sequences were most similar to recent sequences from West Africa, suggesting ongoing local circulation of viral populations; however, detailed inference is limited by the scarcity of available genomic data. We did not find clear associations with reported clinical signs or symptoms, highlighting the importance of testing for diagnosing febrile diseases. Overall, these findings expand the known range of DENV in Senegal, and underscore the need for better genomic characterization of DENV in West Africa.

scholarly journals Genomic investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Thiès, Senegal, in 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gaye ◽  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
Awa B. Deme ◽  
Alphonse B. Thiaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Virus Genomes ◽  
The City

AbstractDengue virus is a major and rapidly growing public health concern in tropic and subtropic regions across the globe. In late 2018, Senegal experienced its largest dengue virus outbreak to date, covering several regions. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in Senegal. Here we used molecular tools including metagenomic sequencing to identify 19 previously undetected dengue virus cases from the city of Thiès and assemble 17 complete virus genomes. DENV3 was the most frequent serotype; 11 sequences (65%) were DENV3, 4 sequences were DENV2 and 2 were DENV1. Sequences were closest to recent sequences from West Africa, suggesting ongoing local circulation of viral populations; however, detailed inference is limited by the scarcity of available genomic data. We did not find clear associations with reported clinical signs or symptoms, highlighting the importance of testing for diagnosing febrile diseases. Overall, these findings expand the known range of DENV in Senegal, and underscore the need for better genomic characterization of DENV in West Africa.

scholarly journals Dengue virus: A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Narinder Singh ◽  
Ajeet Pal Singh ◽  
Amar Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Life Threatening

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that is quickly spreading over the globe, with significant death and morbidity rates. Dengue fever is an acute viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitos and caused by an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family. The symptoms might vary from asymptomatic fever to life-threatening complications including hemorrhagic fever and shock. Although dengue virus infections are normally self-limiting, the disease has become a public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue fever is a major public health concern owing to its rapid worldwide spread, and its burdens are now unmet due to a lack of accurate therapy and a simple diagnostic approach for the early stages of illness.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Aeromonas Spp. Isolated from Some Meat Products in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbayoumi ZH ◽  
Zahran RN ◽  
Shawish RR
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

Background/Objective: Meat products are one of the most valuable foods for human consumption. However, meat products may also act as a source of food borne pathogens including Aeromonas species which caused a serious threat to a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and virulence characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from meat products in Egypt.

scholarly journals Unveiling the dermatological manifestations of nCOVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Dheemant M. ◽  
Sushmitha E. S. ◽  
Madhan Jeyaraman ◽  
Ajay S. S. ◽  
Rashmi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
The City

<p class="abstract">Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that have become a major public health concern since the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in 2002. The continuous evolution of coronaviruses was further highlighted with the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in the entry of virus into the cell and it further interacts with ACE-II receptors which are widely distributed on the human cell surface especially on alveolar type II cells (AT-2) and endothelium. Currently, the world is concerned about the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) that was initially identified in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. Patients presented with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness. Despite the virus not being dermatotropic, several skin conditions have emerged mainly as a result of prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive personal hygiene. In this review, we discuss structure, genome organisation, entry of CoVs into target cells, probable cutaneous manifestation that dermatologists may be aware of skin complications and the preventive measures, outcome of the disease and the management.</p>

scholarly journals Case report: characterization of a persistent, treatment-resistant, novel Staphylococcus aureus infection causing chronic mastitis in a Holstein dairy cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie J. Putz ◽  
Mitchell V. Palmer ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Eduardo Casas ◽  
Timothy A. Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Background Mastitis is the most common health concern plaguing the modern dairy cow and costs dairy producers estimates of two billion dollars annually. Staphylococcus aureus infections are prevalent, displaying varied disease presentation and markedly low cure rates. Neutrophils are considered the first line of defense against mastitis causing bacteria and are frequently targeted in the development of treatment and prevention technologies. We describe a case of naturally occurring, chronic mastitis in a Holstein cow (1428), caused by a novel strain of S. aureus that was not able to be cleared by antibiotic treatment. Case presentation The infection was identified in a single quarter, 2 months into the cow’s first lactation. The infection persisted for the following 20 months, including through dry off, and a second calving and lactation. This case of mastitis was associated with a consistently high somatic cell count, however presented with no other clinical signs. This cow was unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics commonly used to treat mastitis, consisting of two rounds of treatment during lactation and an additional round at the beginning of dry off. The chronic infection was also unchanged through an experimental mid-lactation treatment with pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (PEG-gCSF) and an additional periparturient treatment with PEG-gCSF. We isolated milk neutrophils from 1428 and compared them to two cows challenged with experimental S. aureus, strain Newbould 305. Neutrophils from 1428’s milk had higher surface expression of myeloperoxidase compared to experimental Newbould challenged animals, as well as increased presence of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. This suggests a heightened activation state of neutrophils sourced from 1428’s naturally occurring infection. Upon postmortem examination, the affected quarter revealed multifocal abscesses separated by fibrous connective tissues. Abscesses were most common in the gland cistern and collecting duct region. Microscopically, the inflammatory reaction was pyogranulomatous to granulomatous and consistent with botryomycosis. Colonies of Gram-positive cocci were found within the eosinophilic matrix of the Splendore-Hoeppli reaction within granulomas and intracellularly within the acinar epithelium. Conclusions Collectively, we describe a unique case of chronic mastitis, the characterization of which provides valuable insight into the mechanics of S. aureus treatment resistance and immune escape.

Tuberculosis of the thyroid in Togo: a clinicopathologic study of 11 presumed cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchin Darre ◽  
Bathokédeou Amana ◽  
Essobozou Pegbessou ◽  
Foma Winga ◽  
Dolou Warou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Clinicopathologic Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a real public health concern in Africa; thyroid localisation of the disease is a very rare form of extrapulmonary TB. We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study on all histologically proved cases of thyroid TB diagnosed in Togo over the last 20 years. Eleven cases of TB of the thyroid were identified, of which nine were in women, with an average age of 29.4 ± 0.2 years. The clinical signs were the presence of a nodule in seven, an abscess in three and a swelling with cutaneous fistulisation in one. Thyroid involvement alone was found in four, associated with pleuropulmonary TB in six and mammary TB in one. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection was present in six. All histopathology results showed inflammatory granulomata with caseous necrosis. The clinical features are often misleading and pose a real diagnostic problem, especially with differentials of simple abscess and cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of dengue in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Barreto Alves ◽  
Jokasta Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Emanuelle Nabuco de Mendonça ◽  
Ana Cristina Freire Abud ◽  
Mariangela da Silva Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
First Semester ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Fast Decline ◽  
The City ◽  
Age And Sex

INTRODUCTION: The dengue fever remains to be a disease of serious public health concern, and its incidence has increased in the past decades. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological incidence of dengue in the period 2001-2010. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study of dengue in the municipality of Aracaju, state of Sergipe, in the period between 2001 and 2010, whose data were obtained from the Information System of Diseases Notifications. A descriptive analysis of the number of confirmed cases of dengue, according to year, semester, sanitary district, age, and sex, was performed. RESULTS: There were 16,462 confirmed cases, especially in 2008, which obtained the highest incidence of the disease, with 10,485 confirmed cases. The first semester obtained the highest registration of cases during the years of research; this was predominated by females between 15 and 49 years old. With regard to the territorial distribution, the second district of the municipality obtained the highest number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In 2008, in the City of Aracaju, SE, a significant increase in the proportion of dengue cases compared with other years was verified. However, a fast decline in the other years was observed, possibly because of the intensification of preventive actions to combat the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus.

scholarly journals Surveillance of the major pathogenic arboviruses of public health concern in Gabon, Central Africa: increased risk of West Nile virus and dengue virus infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Ushijima ◽  
Haruka Abe ◽  
Georgelin Nguema Ondo ◽  
Rodrigue Bikangui ◽  
Marguerite Massinga Loembé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile

Abstract Background Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses is largely unknown or infrequently updated because of the lack of surveillance studies, especially in Africa. Methods A surveillance study was conducted in Gabon, Central Africa, on arboviruses, which are a major public health concern in Africa, including: West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Serological and molecular assays were performed to investigate past infection history and the current status of infection, using serum samples collected from healthy individuals and febrile patients, respectively. Results The overall seroprevalence during 2014˗2017 was estimated to be 25.3% for WNV, 20.4% for DENV, 40.3% for ZIKV, 60.7% for YFV, 61.2% for CHIKV, and 14.3% for RVFV. No significant differences were found in the seroprevalence of any of the viruses between the male and female populations. However, a focus on the mean age in each arbovirus-seropositive individual showed a significantly younger age in WNV- and DENV-seropositive individuals than in CHIKV-seropositive individuals, indicating that WNV and DENV caused a relatively recent epidemic in the region, whereas CHIKV had actively circulated before. Of note, this indication was supported by the detection of both WNV and DENV genomes in serum samples collected from febrile patients after 2016. Conclusions This study revealed the recent re-emergence of WNV and DENV in Gabon as well as the latest seroprevalence state of the major arboviruses, which indicated the different potential risks of virus infections and virus-specific circulation patterns. This information will be helpful for public health organizations and will enable a rapid response towards these arbovirus infections, thereby preventing future spread in the country.

scholarly journals Mammalian animal models for dengue virus infection: a recent overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh ◽  
Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Health Concern

AbstractDengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne human viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas due to its expanding geographical range. DENV can cause a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is caused by four DENV serotypes; however, dengue pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Establishing a useful animal model that can exhibit dengue-fever-like signs similar to those in humans is essential to improve our understanding of the host response and pathogenesis of DENV. Although several animal models, including mouse models, non-human primate models, and a recently reported tree shrew model, have been investigated for DENV infection, animal models with clinical signs that are similar to those of DF in humans have not yet been established. Although animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of DENV infection and for drug and vaccine development, each animal model has its own strengths and limitations. Therefore, in this review, we provide a recent overview of animal models for DENV infection and pathogenesis, focusing on studies of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in animal models.

scholarly journals Analysis of 2.1 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes identifies mutations associated with transmissibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Heinrich Obermeyer ◽  
Stephen F. Schaffner ◽  
Martin Jankowiak ◽  
Nikolaos Barkas ◽  
Jesse D. Pyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Geographic Regions

Repeated emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility necessitates rapid detection and characterization of new lineages. To address this need, we developed PyR0, a hierarchical Bayesian multinomial logistic regression model that infers relative transmissibility of all viral lineages across geographic regions, detects lineages increasing in prevalence, and identifies mutations relevant to transmissibility. Applying PyR0 to all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we identify numerous substitutions that increase transmissibility, including previously identified spike mutations and many non-spike mutations within the nucleocapsid and nonstructural proteins. PyR0 forecasts growth of new lineages from their mutational profile, identifies viral lineages of concern as they emerge, and prioritizes mutations of biological and public health concern for functional characterization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document