Embryonated pigeon eggs as a model to investigate Neospora caninum infection

It has been shown that embryonated chicken eggs can be used as animal models for experimental infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate pigeon embryonated eggs as animal models for experimental neosporosis. An infection with Neospora caninum Nc1 isolate was conducted in chicken and pigeon embryonated eggs to evaluate LD50. After calculation of LD50, 2LD50 of tachyzoites were injected into the eggs. Macroscopic changes of each embryo were observed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular methods were used to investigate the parasitic distribution in the tissues. In the present study, histopathological changes were considered, and sections of those used for histopathological examination including the heart, liver, brain and chorioallantoic (CA) membrane were also subjected to IHC. Pigeon embryos showed more macroscopic changes than chicken embryos. A hemorrhage of the CA membrane was the main gross lesion. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed acute neosporosis due to hemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Based on IHC and molecular results, the parasite DNA was detected in the liver, heart and CA membrane. As with chicken embryonated eggs, these results reinforce the susceptibility of pigeon embryonated eggs to N. caninum, and provide new insights into using an inexpensive and available animal model for N. caninum research. The results of the present study suggest that pigeon embryos may be a good choice for studying the biology of N. caninum in living organisms.

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Histopathological findings and immunohistochemical staining of Neospora caninum infection in placentas of animals for slaughter

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2287

Author(s):

Allana Freitas Barros ◽

Higor Ferreira Silva ◽

Renata Mondêgo de Oliveira ◽

Nathálya Dos Santos Martins ◽

Mylena Andréa Oliveira Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Bovine Neosporosis ◽

The City

Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, which is one of the main pathogens that cause abortions in cattle worldwide. It is responsible for large losses in dairy and beef cattle, especially with regard to the expenses associated with decreased productivity and increased discard. In the State of Maranhão, the occurrence of this parasite has already been confirmed in the dairy cattle of three microregions that make up the state’s dairy industry and in small ruminants of the municipalities of Amarante do Maranhão and Buritirana. This fact justifies the importance of determining the presence of N. caninum in cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses of the Island of São Luís, to help control the parasitic cycle in the cattle production system of the region under study, and the importance of its diagnosis. The objective of the research was to conduct a histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of bovine placentas infected with N. caninum collected in slaughterhouses. Sixteen placenta samples from cows were randomly selected at the slaughterhouses of the city of São Luís for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that 31% of the placentas presented histopathological changes such as: inflammatory process, edema, hemorrhage and presence of hemosiderin. All slides with histopathological changes showed immunolabeling for N. caninum.

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Determination of Depleted Uranium Concentration and Histopathological Changes in Local Iraqi Fish and Chickens

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i2.537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 86-97

Author(s):

Ghusoon Abdul Kareem Neamah,

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Uranium Concentration ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Nuclear Fission ◽

Depleted Uranium ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Chicken Muscles ◽

Nuclear Fission Track Analysis

This study aimed to determine the concentration of depleted uranium and the main histopathological changes in local fish and chickens at a selected Iraqi area suspected to be polluted with uranium. Different locations of Al-Tuwaitha region (Southern of Baghdad) were surveyed randomly to collect a total of 15 samples from each animal species. The animals were sacrificed and dissected at the site of collection. Muscle samples were collected to determine uranium concentrations using nuclear fission track analysis with CR-39 detectors. For histopathological changes, sample tissues from fish (liver, gills, and kidney) and chickens (liver, kidney, and lung) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The results showed that there was a significant elevation in uranium concentration in both fish and chicken muscles (1.94±0.77 µg/Kg and 2.19±0.82 µg/Kg, respectively) compared with recommended uranium concentration. Histopathological examination showed several effects included congestion and thickening of blood vessels walls, vacuolation, necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in most tissue section of collected organs. In conclusion, the uranium residues that found in both fish and chicken meats could raise the concerns about consumption of both animal species that had been bred in Al-Tuwaitha, and could be an indicator of environmental pollution with uranium in this region.

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Pro-oxidant effects of a high α-tocopherol dose on kidney antioxidant biomarkers and histopathological aspects

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000512 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (3-4) ◽

pp. 179-190

Author(s):

Amel Kanane ◽

Fayrouz Rouaki ◽

Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽

Abdenour Laraba ◽

Hayet Mesbah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sunflower Oil ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Group 5 ◽

Oxidant Effect ◽

Higher Doses

Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol supplementation at two doses (600 and 1200 mg × kg–1) on kidney antioxidant status and the histopathological changes in Wistar rats after 12 weeks of exposure at different diets. Forty rats has been divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each, the control group received basal diet with 5 % fresh sunflower oil (FSO), the second group: 5 % oxidized sunflower oil (OSO), the third group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol and the fourth group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol. In OSO groups, the results showed highly significant increases of LPO (from 31.3 ± 0.9 to 53.8 ± 1.2 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein, p < 0.0001) with a significant decrease (p < = 0.001) of the antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, GPX, GR and G6PDH), body weight (339 ± 9 to 290 ± 3 g) and α-tocopherol levels (13.6 ± 0.6 to 6.5 ± 0.4 μg/mg protein). In OSO groups with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, an antioxidant effect was found, reflected by a return of the parameters to values similar to those of the control group. However, higher doses of α-tocopherol (1200 mg × kg–1) induced a depletion of antioxidant status, α-tocopherol levels (6.0 ± 0.3 μg/mg protein, p < 0.001) and a very highly significant rise (p < 0.0001) of LPO content (54.86 ± 0.01 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein). The kidney tissues also showed changes in glomerular, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, and formation of novel vessels. So, we can conclude that the oxidative stress is attenuated by a moderate administration of 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, while a pro-oxidant effect occurs at 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol.

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TO FIND OUT ELECTRO-CARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES & ECHO CHANGES IN ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE AND ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE POISONING

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i10.1465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Hemant Nargawe ◽

Sumeet Sisodiya

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Common Finding ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Ethylene Dibromide ◽

Medical College ◽

Aluminium Phosphide ◽

Urine Examination ◽

Cardiovascular Involvement ◽

Careful Clinical Examination

Background & Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine Shyam Shah Medical College and Associated Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (M.P). History was followed by a careful clinical examination i.e. cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal and nervous system. Investigations had done included routine haematological examination, Biochemical analysis, urine examination, ECG, 2 D. Echo & Histopathological examination was done. Result: ST-T changes were most common finding in Aluminium phosphide poisoning in relation to mortality. However hyperkalemia was the most ominous finding associated with 100% mortality, ECG finding in EDB was normal ECG. The most ominous finding was arrhythmia which was associated with 100% mortality. Survivors of ethylene dibromide poisoning echocardiography was normal in 11 (84.61%) followed by pericardial effusion in 2 (15.38%) patients. Conclusion: Noteworthy finding was absence of correlation between cardiovascular involvement, histopathological changes and ECG findings. It was seen that even if ECG showed normal pattern there were significant histopathological changes in heart. Keywords: electro-cardiographic, Aluminium phosphide, ethylene dibromide & poisoning.

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Neospora caninum Infection in a Litter of Labrador Retriever Dogs in Denmark

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03547685 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 387-391

Author(s):

A. Flagstad ◽

Η. Ε. Jensen ◽

Ι. Bjerkàs ◽

Κ. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Neospora Caninum ◽

Labrador Retriever ◽

Caninum Infection

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Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Lessons from Animal Models to Clinical Aspects

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13040921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 921

Author(s):

Futoshi Okada ◽

Runa Izutsu ◽

Keisuke Goto ◽

Mitsuhiko Osaki

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Economic Status ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Promote Cell Proliferation ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Altered Gene

Inflammation-related carcinogenesis has long been known as one of the carcinogenesis patterns in humans. Common carcinogenic factors are inflammation caused by infection with pathogens or the uptake of foreign substances from the environment into the body. Inflammation-related carcinogenesis as a cause for cancer-related death worldwide accounts for approximately 20%, and the incidence varies widely by continent, country, and even region of the country and can be affected by economic status or development. Many novel approaches are currently available concerning the development of animal models to elucidate inflammation-related carcinogenesis. By learning from the oldest to the latest animal models for each organ, we sought to uncover the essential common causes of inflammation-related carcinogenesis. This review confirmed that a common etiology of organ-specific animal models that mimic human inflammation-related carcinogenesis is prolonged exudation of inflammatory cells. Genotoxicity or epigenetic modifications by inflammatory cells resulted in gene mutations or altered gene expression, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines/growth factors released from inflammatory cells promote cell proliferation and repair tissue injury, and inflammation serves as a “carcinogenic niche”, because these fundamental biological events are common to all types of carcinogenesis, not just inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Since clinical strategies are needed to prevent carcinogenesis, we propose the therapeutic apheresis of inflammatory cells as a means of eliminating fundamental cause of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.

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