scholarly journals Wheat yield and seed physiological quality affected by initial seed vigor, sowing density, and environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1595-1614
Author(s):  
Jéssica de Lucena Marinho ◽  
◽  
Sérgio Ricardo Silva ◽  
Diogo Nascimento de Souza ◽  
Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Physiological Performance

Optimization of seed density range, combined with the use of quality seeds may help generate more profit from wheat production, as these factors affect grain yield and the quality of seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of initial vigor level and sowing densities on the productive performance of the plants and the physiological performance of the seeds of two wheat cultivars in two cultivation environments. The experiment was carried out in the cities of Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications, following a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme with two levels of seed vigor (high and low), two cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá), and four sowing densities (150, 250, 350, and 450 seeds m-2). The following characteristics were evaluated: emerged seedlings, shoot dry matter, spike density, vegetation index, and grain yield. Additionally, the physiological potential of the seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, and emergence speed index tests. The increase in density up to 450 seeds m-2 favored the productive performance of the crop in both cultivation environments; however, it reduced the physiological performance of the seeds produced in Londrina. The cultivars BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá had better performance and grain yield in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, respectively. High-vigor seeds favored the establishment of the stand, especially under unfavorable environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Seedling emergence and yield performance of wheat cultivars depending on seed vigor and sowing density

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Abati ◽  
Cristian Rafael Brzezinski ◽  
José Salvador Simoneti Foloni ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Manoel Carlos Bassoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract: The use of high quality seeds, the appropriate management practices and the selection of promising genotypes are strategies to exploit the wheat yield potential. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the vigor level of wheat seeds submitted to different sowing densities on seedling emergence, tillering and yield performance culture. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná state, Brazil, with a completely randomized block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two levels of seed vigor (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2) and two wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá and CD 150) were evaluated. The conducted tests were: seedling emergence, number of tillers, yield components, grain yield and apparent harvest index. The use of high vigor seeds helps the establishment of the plant stand and yield performance in both locations. The 400 seeds per m2 seedling density results in a lower number of tillers per plant in both locations. BRS Sabiá, in Ponta Grossa, has the highest grain yield.

scholarly journals Wheat yield and seed physiological quality as influenced by seed vigor, nitrogen fertilization and edaphoclimatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3581-3602
Author(s):  
Diogo Nascimento de Souza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Initial Seed

Wheat is one of the most important cereals grown in the world, and in Brazil, increasing national production is still a challenge. Nitrogen (N) supply can favor grain yield and the physiological quality of wheat seeds. However, the definition of adequate N rate and fertilization timing must consider genotype, cultivation environment, and initial seed vigor level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of initial seed vigor and the combinations of rates and timings of N application on grain yield and seed physiological quality of wheat cultivars under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was carried out in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, state of Paraná, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 7 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two seed vigor levels (vigorous and non-vigorous seeds), two wheat cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá) and seven combinations of fertilization timings and N rates (kg ha-1) (control-0N; 20N at sowing and 60N at tillering; 40N at sowing; 80N at sowing; 40N at sowing and 40N at tillering; 40N at tillering; 80N at tillering). Number of emerged seedlings, vegetation index, shoot dry matter, number of fertile spikes m-2 and grain yield were evaluated. Additionally, the physiological potential of seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by the testes of first count, germination, seedling emergence in sand and emergence speed index. The climatic conditions during the experiment, in both cultivation environments, were similar to average historical records, with some periods of water deficit. The highest grain yield was obtained with the BRS Gralha-Azul in Londrina, and with BRS Sabiá in Ponta Grossa. The use of vigorous seeds favored the stand establishment and the response of plants to N fertilization. The treatments 40N + 40N, and 40N + 0N favored the majority of evaluated variables. Both cultivars showed potential for the production of high physiological potential seeds in Londrina environment. Inadequate N supply impairs wheat grain yield and seed production.

scholarly journals Common bean seed vigor affecting crop grain yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Henrique Vaz Mondo ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Manoel Oliveira Cardoso Neto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract: Among the factors that affect seedling emergence and crop establishment are seed germination and vigor, which has an important influence on the establishment of the initial plant population and development, and may affect crop yield. Based on this background the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of seed vigor of common bean seed lots and its effects on crop grain yield. The treatments consisted of six seed lots of common bean, which were composed by different combinations of high and low vigor seeds. Seed lots were assessed by germination and vigor tests (first count of germination, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging). A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with plots of six lines of five meters and were evaluated for grain yield at harvest. It was concluded that seed vigor affects common bean grain yield; the use of low vigor seeds results in grain yield reductions of up to 20%.

scholarly journals Productive performance of soybean plants originated from seed lots with increasing vigor levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Bagateli ◽  
Caio Sippel Dörr ◽  
Luis Osmar Braga Schuch ◽  
Géri Eduardo Meneghello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of soybean crops, in response to the use of seeds from lots with increasing vigor levels. The study was developed during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016crops. In the first period, 14 treatments were evaluated, consisting of two factors, two genotypes (Syn 1059RR and NK7059RR), and seven seed lots. In the second seven treatments were considered, involving one genotype (Syn 1158RR) and seven seed lots. In both crop years, seed lots had vigor levels of 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95%, as determined by the accelerated aging test. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with a factorial scheme and five replications. Plant height, yield components, and grain yield were assessed throughout the culture cycle. The reflex of seed vigor in crop performance depended on the genotype employed. Also, there was an increase in both vegetative and reproductive performances of the crop as a function of seed vigor level. In this sense, every percentage point augmented in the vigor level of the lots resulted in a grain yield expansion of up to 28 kg.ha-1.

scholarly journals Seed vigor and amount of soybean straw on seedling emergence and productive performance of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Julia Abati ◽  
Cristian Rafael Brzezinski ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Flávia Werner ◽  
Fernando Augusto Henning
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Straw

The use of high-quality seeds is essential to minimize the possible suppressive effect of straw on seedling emergence, contributing to stand establishment and high grain yield. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of seed vigor associated with soil cover with different amounts of soybean straw on seedling emergence and productive performance of wheat. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using two wheat cultivars (CD 150 and BRS Gralha Azul) under a completely randomized design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with four replications. Factors consisted of two seed vigor levels (high and low) and five amounts of soybean straw (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha?1). The following assessments were performed: seedling emergence, dry mass of seedling shoot, number of tillers, plant height, yield components (number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and mass of one thousand seeds), grain yield, and harvest index. The use of high vigor seeds favors the emergence and dry mass production of seedling shoot for both cultivars. The increased amount of soybean straw reduces seedling emergence in both cultivars. In the cultivars CD 150 and BRS Gralha Azul, the amounts of soybean straw of 2.45 and 5.40 t ha?1, respectively, result in a higher wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals The effect of leaf area reduction on corn plants during the reproduction phase

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rodrigues de Toledo Alvim ◽  
Césio Humberto de Brito ◽  
Afonso Maria Brandão ◽  
Luiz Savelli Gomes ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Root Resistance

Reduction in leaf area in corn plants during reproduction changes physiological metabolism and consequently the accumulation of dry matter in grains. The aim of this work was to study changes in agronomic characteristics caused by defoliation in corn during the reproduction phase. The experiment was carried out in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, in the agricultural year 2007/2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven treatments: control without defoliation, removal of two apical leaves, removal of four apical leaves, removal of all leaves above spike, removal of four intermediate leaves, removal of all leaves below spike, and removal of all plant leaves, with five repetitions. The genotype used for the evaluations was hybrid NB 7376. Defoliation was carried out when plants were at the growth stage R2. The variables assessed were: yield, density of spikes and corncobs, root resistance and stem integrity. When all leaves above the spike were removed, grain yield was reduced by 20%. Corncob density, stem integrity and root resistance to uprooting were also affected. Spike density was only affected when all plant leaves were removed. The leaf area remaining physiologically active above the spike was found to be most efficient in terms of grain yield.

scholarly journals Effects of silicate application on soil fertility and wheat yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Mansano Sarto ◽  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Leandro Rampim ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

<p>An improvement in soil chemical properties and crop development with silicate application has been confirmed in several plant species. The effects of silicate application on soil chemical properties and wheat growth were investigated in the present study. The experiment was carried out in 8-L plastic pots in a greenhouse. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 × 5 factorial: three soils [Rhodic Acrudox (Ox1), Rhodic Hapludox (Ox2) and Arenic Hapludult (Ult)] and five silicate rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha–1 of calcium/magnesium silicate), with four replications. The plant length, number of spikes per pot, shoot dry matter and grain yield, were measured after 115 days of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) growth. Changes in the soil chemical properties (pH, H+ + Al3+, Al3+, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) were analyzed after wheat harvest. Application of calcium/magnesium silicate reduces the potential acidity (H+ + Al3+) and Al3+ phytotoxic; and increases the soil pH, available Ca, Mg and Si, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil base saturation. Silicate application did not affect the available P, exchangeable K and availability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) in the three soils. The application of calcium/magnesium silicate in an acid clayey Rhodic Hapludox improves the development and yield of wheat; however, the silicate application in soil with pH higher to 5.3 and high Si availability does not affect the agronomic characteristics and grain yield of wheat.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Determining optimum rate of boron application for higher yield of wheat in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Debnath ◽  
M Jahiruddin ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
P 75 ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Brahmaputra Floodplain

The effect of different rates of boron application on wheat cv. Bijoy was studied through a field experiment at    Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm, Mymensingh during 2009-10 rabi season. The BAU farm belongs to    Old Brahmaputra Floodplain agroecological zone (AEZ 9). Texturally the soil was silt loam, with 7.2 pH, 0.81%    organic matter and 0.15 mg kg-1 available boron content. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete    block design with five boron rates and four replications. Boron rates were 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 kg ha-1, with boric    acid as a source. Every plot received blanket doses of 115 kg N, 25 kg P, 75 kg K and 15 kg S ha-1 from urea, TSP,    MoP and gypsum, respectively. Treatment receiving B @ 2.25 kg ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (4.22 t ha-1) which was statistically identical with that obtained with 1.75 kg B ha-1. However, the crop response curve showed    1.90 kg ha-1 to be the optimum boron rate for the maximization of wheat yield. The lowest grain yield (2.84 t/ha) was    recorded with control treatment. There was a positive relationship between grain yield and number of grains spike-1.   Boron had significant influence on N, P, K, S and B uptake by the crop which, in deed, was more influenced by crop    yield and less by nutrient concentration, except N and B uptake where concentration had more influence than yield.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10987   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 205–210, 2011

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Distribution and Population on Maize (Zea maysL.) Grain Yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Khim Chim ◽  
Peter Omara ◽  
Natasha Macnack ◽  
Jeremiah Mullock ◽  
Sulochana Dhital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Treatment Structure ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Maize planting is normally accomplished by hand in the developing world where two or more seeds are placed per hill with a heterogeneous plant spacing and density. To understand the interaction between seed distribution and distance between hills, experiments were established in 2012 and 2013 at Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB) and Efaw Agronomy Research Stations, near Stillwater, OK. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications and 9 treatments and a factorial treatment structure of 1, 2, and 3 seeds per hill using interrow spacing of 0.16, 0.32, and 0.48 m. Data for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), grain yield, and grain N uptake were collected. Results showed that, on average, NDVI and IPAR increased with number of seeds per hill and decreased with increasing plant spacing. In three of four site-years, planting 1 or 2 seeds per hill, 0.16 m apart, increased grain yield and N uptake. Over sites, planting 1 seed, every 0.16 m, increased yields by an average of 1.15 Mg ha−1(range: 0.33 to 2.46 Mg ha−1) when compared to the farmer practice of placing 2 to 3 seeds per hill, every 0.48 m.

Estimates of relative yield potential and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the Mediterranean region

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. SENER ◽  
M. ARSLAN ◽  
Y. SOYSAL ◽  
M. ERAYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mediterranean

SUMMARYInformation about changes associated with advances in crop productivity is essential for understanding yield-limiting factors and developing new strategies for future breeding programmes. National bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Turkey have risen by an average of 20·8 kg/ha/year from 1925 to 2006. Annual gain in yield attributable to agronomic and genetic improvement averaged c. 11·6 kg/ha/year prior to 1975, but is now averaging c. 15·1 kg/ha/year. In the Mediterranean region, however, the wheat yield trend line (10·9 kg/ha/year) is c. 0·38 lower than that of Turkey. In order to understand whether such a trend was due to the cultivars released over the years, 16 bread wheat cultivars, commonly grown in the region and representing 23 years of breeding, introduction and selection (from 1976 to 1999), were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates across 2 years. Data were collected on maturation time, plant height, spike length, spikelet number/spike, grain number/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. None of the measured plant traits showed any historical cultivar patterns; therefore, the increase in grain yield could not be attributed to a single yield component. Several physiological traits changed during two decades of cultivar releases in the Mediterranean region that led to a genetic gain in grain yield of about 0·5% per year. Years of data and the present field study in the Mediterranean region suggested that the genetic improvement in wheat seemed inadequate and should be reinforced with modern agricultural management practices as well as technological innovations.

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