Growth, development and nutritional indices of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F) raised on bell pepper plants grown under elevated CO2 and temperature conditions

The experiment was conducted at experimental farm situated at 30◦5’N latitude and about 77◦11’E longitudes, an elevation of 1260 m above mean sea level of Department of Environmental Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2014 and 2015, to study the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and elevated temperature (eT) on growth, development and nutritional indices of Spodopteralitura on bell pepper plant. Feeding trials with foliage feeding insect S. litura was conducted using foliage of bell pepper plants grown under four concentrations of CO2 and temperature, viz. three Open Top Chambers, (T1: OTC eCO2 550±10 ppm; T2: OTC with elevated temperature 1°C higher and eCO2 550±10 ppm; T3: OTC with ambient temperature and CO2 and T4: natural ambient air and temperature in open. Biochemical analysis of foliage revealed that plants grown under elevated CO2 had lower nitrogen. The larvae fed on eCO2 as well as eCO2 and temperature foliage exhibited greater consumption compared to the larvae fed on foliage under ambient CO2. Larval duration also increased by two days. The eCO2 and eCO2 and temperature foliage was more digestible with higher values of approximate digestibility. The relative consumption rate increased whereas the efficiency parameters, viz. efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), and relative growth rate (RGR) decreased in eCO2 and eCO2 and temperature. The consumption and weight gain of the larvae were negatively and significantly influenced by leaf nitrogen.

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Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on crop growth and yield attributes of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Journal of Agrometeorology ◽

10.54386/jam.v21i1.195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

MEENA KUMARI ◽

S.C. VERMA ◽

S.K. BHARDWAJ

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Natural Condition ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Investigations were carried out during 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield contributing parameters of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under open top chamber (OTC) at research farm of Department of Environmental Science, Dr Y.S. Parmar UHF, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh with four treatments [T1(eCO2): OTC with elevated CO2 550±10 ppm; T2(eT & eCO2): elevated temperature by 1°C and elevated CO2 550±10 ppm; T3(aT & aCO2): ambient temperature and CO2 and T4: natural condition] and each treatment had two varieties (California Wonder and Solan Bharpur) of bell pepper which were replicated thrice. Results revealed that bell pepper recorded maximum plant height, leaf area, yield attributes under eCO2 which were significantly higher than all other treatments. However, the harvest duration and days to first harvest was lowest under eCO2. Higherfruit size as well as fruit weight was recorded with eCO2 followed by eT and eCO2, aT and aCO2 and open natural condition. But maximum number of fruits and highest fruit yield was obtained with natural condition which was significantly superior over eCO2 as well as over eT and eCO2 because increase in temperature negated fruit set due to less pollen viability under eCO2 and eT & eCO2 as compared to open. In open natural conditions due to higher pollen viability and more fruit setting as compared to higher CO2 andtemperature conditions, it resulted more yield. Solan Bharpur recorded higher total fruit yield (800.2 g plant-1) than California Wonder (399.1 g plant-1). Elevated CO2 has positive effect on plant growth and yield attributes in both cultivars of bell pepper. However, under interactive effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature, rising temperature negated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on crop production.

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First Report of Leveillula taurica Causing Powdery Mildew on Pepper in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-11-1222a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (11) ◽

pp. 1222-1222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. W. Jones ◽

J. R. Stommel ◽

L. A. Wanner

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

The United States ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Leveillula Taurica ◽

Pepper Plants

Pepper plants in large experimental plots in Beltsville, MD developed widespread powdery mildew during the late summer of 2008. Infection was observed in a diversity of accessions that included Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens (2). The C. annuum accessions included culinary bell pepper cultivars and breeding lines as well as a diverse collection of ornamental breeding lines, heirlooms, and land races. Significant leaf damage occurred and led to partial defoliation. Extensive coverage of the abaxial surface by white patches of conidia was noted, along with chlorotic regions on the adaxial surface. Conidia were borne singly and were apically tapered, measuring 65.2 ± 3.2 × 14.9 ± 1.9 μm. Cleistothecia were not found on infected leaves (3). PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using ITS1-2 primers yielded a band that was cloned and sequenced (4). The pathogen was identified as Leveillula taurica based on 100% homology to GenBank Accession No. AY912077. Multiple chili pepper and bell pepper plants were inoculated with conidia from an infected bell pepper plant by placement in an enclosed spore deposition chamber for 1 week, with the infected plant suspended over the test plants. Signs of powdery mildew appeared only on inoculated plants. DNA samples from these inoculated plants were analyzed and verified as L. taurica (a sequence was deposited as GenBank No. GQ167201). A second set of inoculations using the newly infected plants confirmed results of the first test, with mildew developing only on inoculated pepper plants. This disease is new to the mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. It has been reported in greenhouse peppers growing in Ontario, Canada where it has become a recurring problem requiring fungicide intervention (1). Given the wide host range of L. taurica and the systemic nature of infections, it is likely that the fungus has become established in Maryland on perennial host plants. References: (1) R. Cerkauskas. Plant Dis. 83:781, 1999. (2) V. de Souza. Plant Pathol. 52:613, 2003. (3) C. Little. Plant Dis. 90:1358, 2006. (4) G. Saenz. Can. J. Bot. 77:150, 1999.

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STAND DEFICIENCIES AND REPLANTING EFFECTS ON BELL PEPPER YIELDS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.732g ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 732g-733

Author(s):

Regina P. Bracy

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Pepper Plants ◽

Visual Observations

Bell pepper plant losses at transplanting may reduce yields. Growers often use subjective visual observations to determine reductions in plant stand but do not have a basis for determining if missing plants should be replaced or how soon. This study was initiated to determine effects of stand deficiencies and replanting on yield and fruit size of pepper during the spring 1992 and 1993. `Jupiter' bell pepper plants were transplanted to the field in late March and spaced 30 cm apart on 1.2-m beds mulched with black plastic. Treatments included a control [0% stand deficient (SD)] and 10, 20, or 30% SD plots that were established at transplanting. Each SD treatment was replanted to a 100% stand two or three weeks after initial transplanting or was not replanted. Yield of extra-large and marketable fruit was not affected by stand deficiencies or replanting in either year. Stand deficiencies up to 30% did not result in reductions in total/early yield or fruit size.

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Translocation of Oxathiapiprolin in Bell Pepper Plants and Systemic Protection of Plants Against Phytophthora Blight

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-16-0370-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (9) ◽

pp. 1931-1936 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tianli Qu ◽

Timothy L. Grey ◽

Alexander S. Csinos ◽

Pingsheng Ji

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Effective Management ◽

Phytophthora Blight ◽

Systemic Movement ◽

Soil Drench ◽

True Leaf ◽

Pepper Plants

Production of bell pepper is seriously affected by Phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of Phytophthora blight. Limited approaches are available for effective management of the disease. Oxathiapiprolin is a fungicide recently registered in the United States that suppressed P. capsici and reduced Phytophthora blight on bell pepper significantly in our previous studies. It is unknown whether oxathiapiprolin translocates in bell pepper plants systemically after application. Experiments were conducted to determine uptake of oxathiapiprolin by bell pepper plants and its systemic movement in the plant. Quantification of oxathiapiprolin in plant tissues was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that detected the compound sensitively and selectively. Percentage of recovery of oxathiapiprolin from plant tissues was calculated by comparing the quantities in plant tissues determined by HPLC with known quantities of the compound added to the plant tissues. Recovery rates of oxathiapiprolin from pepper plant tissues ranged from 87.0 to 119.3%. When oxathiapiprolin was applied to roots of bell pepper plants grown in hydroculture, the compound was detected in the root within 4 h and in the cotyledon, first true leaf, and second true leaf within 8 h. It was detectable in the top new leaf 48 h after application to the root. In greenhouse studies with bell pepper plants grown in pots, oxathiapiprolin was applied as a soil drench at 100 and 400 μg/ml. The compound was detected in the root within 3 days and in the stem and first true leaf within 6 days when applied at 100 μg/ml. It was detected in the root, stem, first true leaf, and top new leaf within 3 days when applied at 400 μg/ml. Phytophthora blight on pepper foliage was significantly reduced when oxathiapiprolin was applied as a soil drench at 100 or 400 μg/ml under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report indicating systemic movement of oxathiapiprolin in pepper plants that provides useful information for designing fungicide application programs for effective management of the disease.

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Bell Pepper Plant Development over Mulches of Diverse Colors

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.4.460 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 460-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Dennis R. Decoteau ◽

Michael J. Kasperbauer ◽

Patrick G. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Surface Color ◽

R Ratio ◽

Soil Sensitivity ◽

Total Light ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Pepper Plants

Mulch surface color affected the growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants, the amount and quality of upwardly reflected light, and the soil temperatures under the mulch. Of the surface colors evaluated (black, red, yellow, and white), plants grown over red mulch were the tallest. The darker (black and red) mulches reflected less total light and more far-red (FR) relative-to-red (R) light, and soil temperatures recorded in the afternoon and evening were warmer than under the yellow and white mulches. Plant growth responses to mulch surface color were also observed when soil temperature differences among the mulch color treatments were minimized by placing insulation boards between the mulch surface and the soil. Sensitivity of young pepper plants to a high or low FR: R light ratio was demonstrated by exposing plants to 15 minutes of FR or 15 minutes of R light at the end of the photosynthetic period each day for 14 consecutive days in a controlled environment. Plants that received the FR (high FR: R ratio) were 51% taller than plants exposed to R (low FR: R ratio) light treatments. The similar responses of pepper plants to differences in FR: R ratios associated with mulch color and end-of-day light treatments provide evidence that pepper plant growth is affected by relatively small changes in light environment induced by the surface color of the mulch.

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TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2003v8n2p120-131 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 120-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcussi ◽

Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Growth Period ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Soil Science ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Cu Content ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Entire Plant ◽

Micronutrient Concentration ◽

E Mail

TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO Francisco Fernando Noronha MarcussiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected] Lyra Villas BôasDepartament de Recursos Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os teores de micronutrientes (Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu) nos diferentes órgãos do híbrido de pimentão Elisa, sob fertirrigação em ambiente protegido, em oito épocas de coleta de planta. O experimento foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, FCA, Botucatu/SP. Constou o experimento de 8 tratamentos (épocas de coleta de planta – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplante das mudas) e 4 repetições, sendo cada repetição formada por 4 plantas. Em cada etapa obteve-se os teores dos micronutrientes no fruto, folha, caule e raiz e na planta como um todo. A fertilização no ciclo estudado, 140 dias, foi feita via fertirrigação localizada. Os resultados mostram que os teores de micronutrientes encontrados na planta de pimentão seguem a seqüência: Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu. Nos resultados são apresentadas as tabelas com os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu (Tukey a 5%) em cada órgão da planta e da planta como um todo, nas diferentes épocas de avaliação e, os gráficos mostrando o comportamento dos teores de Zn, Mn, B e Cu. UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, concentrações de micronutrientes, Pimentão, Capsicum annuum L. e nutrição mineral. MACUSSI, F.F.N.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN THE BELL PEPPER PLANT DEVELOPMENT UNDER FERTIRRIGATION 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu) in different organs of Elisa bell pepper hybrid under fertirrigation in protected environment in eight harvesting seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Natural Resource Department – Soil Science, FCA, Botucatu. SP, and consisted of 8 treatments (harvesting season – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 140 days after seedling transplant), and 4 replications, each one composed of 4 plants. In each growth period the micronutrient content in the fruit, leaf, stem, root and plant as a whole was determined. The fertilization in the study period i.e., 140 days, was performed by local fertirrigation. The results showed that the micronutrient levels found in the bell pepper plant followed the decreasing order: Fe>Zn>Mn> B>Cu. The tables present the Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu (Tukey Test at 5%) contents in each plant organ and in the entire plant at different evaluation periods. The charts show the Zn, Mn, B and Cu content variation. KEYWORDS: fertirrigation, micronutrient concentration, bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. and mineral nutrition.

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PENYEBAB DAN SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT KERITING PADA TANAMAN LADA

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.7-11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

RODIAH BALFAS ◽

SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽

T. L. MARDININGSIH ◽

ENDANG SUGANDI

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Planococcus Citri ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Insect Vectors ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

Similar Disease ◽

Toxoptera Aurantii ◽

Pepper Plants

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black <br /><br />pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.<br /><br />

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Growth and Yields of Bell Pepper and Winter Squash Grown with Organic and Living Mulches

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.6.1193 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 1193-1199 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nancy E. Roe ◽

Peter J. Stoffella ◽

Herbert H. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Arachis Glabrata ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Small Seed ◽

Raised Bed ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Winter Squash

Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t·ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of `Jade' (JD) or `Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on the vertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds. Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) and LM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased in the order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PL plots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OM plots.

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SUBSTITUSI PUPUK NPK DENGAN BOKASHI ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) PADA PEMBIBITAN TANAMAN LADA

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v14i2.5477 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Putri Aulia Rahmah ◽

Gusti Rusmayadi ◽

Hilda Susanti

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Plant Height ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Soil Composition ◽

Media Composition ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

The Right ◽

Pepper Plants

This study aims to obtain the right composition in the use of water hyacinth bokashi that can substitute inorganic fertilizer in pepper plants. This research was carried out using polybag at plantation CV location. Gunung Putri Martapura for 4 months from January to May 2018 with experimental design of Randomized Non-Factorial Complete (RAL) with 5 treatment of plant media composition, namely: p0 = soil + 100% NPK “Mutiara” (without water hyacinth bokashi); p1 = soil: water hyacinth bokashi (3: 1 / v: v) + 75% NPK “Mutiara”; p2 = soil: water hyacinth bokashi (2: 2 / v: v) + 50% NPK “Mutiara”; p3 = soil: water hyacinth bokashi (1: 3 / v: v) + 25% NPK “Mutiara”; p4 = soil: water hyacinth bokashi (1: 3 / v: v) (without NPK “Mutiara”). Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that the entire plot of the experiment was 20 plots. Each plot consists of 5 plants so that there are 100 plants in total. Observations were made on plant height, stem diameter, the number of leaves, length of the segment, sprout age, and dry weight of the plant. Based on the result of the research, the treatment of various plant media composition has no significant effect on plant height, stem base diameter, leaf number, and dry weight of plant, but significantly affect the age of sprout and length of pepper plant so it can be concluded that water hyacinth bokashi in early the growth of pepper plants cannot substitute inorganic fertilizers but can be complimentary of inorganic fertilizers. The best cultivation plant composition treatment on pepper seedling in this study was on soil composition: water hyacinth bokashi (3: 1, v: v) + 75% NPK “Mutiara” and on soil composition: water hyacinth bokashi (2:2; v: v) + 50% NPK “Mutiara”.

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