scholarly journals Forecasting model for disease risk period in chickpea x collar rot pathosystem

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJU TAMANG ◽  
POLY SAHA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Risk Period

Collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major biotic constraints of chickpea production worldwide. It is soil-borne fungi having wider host range and infection mainly occurs at the juvenile stage of crop growth resulting crop failure in no time. The pathogen is greatly influenced by soil temperature (ST) and soil moisture (SM) therefore, experiment formulated to develop a suitable forecasting model for its future use in computer simulation of plant disease prognostication by feeding only soil temperature and moisture data. The popular desi type chickpea variety Anuradha sown at different dates to get a range of soil temperature and soil moisture combination and its corresponding effect on disease incidence was recorded under natural epiphytotic conditions. The data obtained were analyzed using binary logistic regression and discriminant analysis to assess disease risk and non-risk period. The model developed was Y'= -73.9 + 1.251 SM + 0.017 ST. The outcome recorded, a unique statistically significant contribution of soil moisture (p value=0.029) on the establishment of the disease whereas, the effect of soil temperature was detected as statistically non-significant. The model developed and the correctness of the model determined to predict the disease severity with 80 % accuracy.

scholarly journals Influence of weather factors, soil temperature and moisture on collar rot disease of betel vine (Piper betle L.) under coastal saline zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
PRABIR KUMAR GARAIN ◽  
BHOLANATH MONDAL ◽  
SUBRATA DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Rot Disease

A study was conducted to find out the influence of weather factors, soil temperature and soil moisture on the incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. induced collar rot disease in betelvine (Piper betle L.), during 2016 to 2018. Fourteen soil and weather factors, taken from the agrometeorological observatory located at instructional farm of Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith and recorded from a nearby betelvine boroj, were subjected to multiple regression, binary logistic regression and canonical discriminant analysis to develop a suitable disease forewarning model. The binary logistic model, Y(0/1) = 5.899 + 0.865 (Tmax) – 0.569 (SM) + 0.097 (BRHmin) was able to predict the disease risk with 78 per cent accuracy and correctly classified 94 per cent of cases during model validation in 2018. The weekly averages of maximum temperature (Tmax), soil moisture (SM) and minimum relative humidity inside the boroj (BRHmin) were found to be the most significant predictors of disease incidence, in this model. The soil moisture at 69 - 72 per cent of field capacity, minimum temperature of 25 - 27oC, maximum temperature of 33 - 36oC, average soil temperature of 28 - 30oC, minimum relative humidity of 60 - 72 per cent inside the boroj and maximum relative humidity of 83 - 89 per cent inside the boroj were found to be highly congenial for collar rot disease incidence in betelvine under coastal saline zone of West Bengal.

scholarly journals Exploring Combined Effect of Abiotic (Soil Moisture) and Biotic (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) Stress on Collar Rot Development in Chickpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Tarafdar ◽  
T. Swaroopa Rani ◽  
U. S. Sharath Chandran ◽  
Raju Ghosh ◽  
Devashish R. Chobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Collar Rot

scholarly journals Assessment of postharvest soil fungal population with special reference to Trichoderma in eggplants

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
A Shirin ◽  
- Md Hossain ◽  
MH Ar Rashid ◽  
MB Meah
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

The research work was done to assess the postharvest soil fungal population and to find out the relation between population dynamics of Trichoderma and soil borne disease of 41 eggplant cultivars. Soil samples collected from IPM lab germplasm maintenance field at post-harvest stage were analyzed for microbes in dilution plate technique. Fungal colonies appeared in each plate were counted and made their average. Incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt and Sclerotium collar rot in the plot of 41 eggplant varieties were recorded at flowering-fruiting stage. The highest total soil fungal population was estimated from the plot soil of eggplant var. Singnath S (IPM- 42) that was 40.75×104. The var. Bijoy had the lowest fungal population that was 7.5×104. A comparison between Trichoderma population and other fungal population was made. Different eggplant cultivars had variation in the population of two important soil fungi- Trichoderma and Fusarium. The total populations of Trichoderma and Fusarium in the plot soil of 41 eggplant varieties were 129.75 and 348.75 × 104 per gram of soil, respectively. The average number of colonies of Trichoderma varied with the range (1-8.25) per plate. Fusarium varied with the range from (2-22.50). In 20 important eggplant varieties out of 41, both Fusarium wilt and Sclerotium collar rot incidence ranged between 0.00 to 40.00%. The variety Puta begun had the highest incidence of Fusarium wilt with the highest soil population of Fusarium oxysporum against the absence of Trichoderma harzianum. The disease incidence at flowering-fruiting stage was negatively correlated with the population of Trichoderma. Disease severity decreased with the increase in Trichoderma population. Increase of Trichoderma population, decreased the population of other fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii). These results are clearly indicating that Trichoderma might have the antagonistic potential and might contribute to the reduction of incidence of soil-borne diseases. Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 31-42, 2021

scholarly journals Use of Trichoderma in Biological Control of Collar Rot of Soybean and Chickpea

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Kaniz Hasna ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Farid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

An in vitro and field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, aiming to investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. In in vitro the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum against S. rolfsii was observed through dual culture. In field experiment Trichoderma was applied as soil treatment and seed treatment. The percent inhibition of S. rolfsii induced by T. harzianum was found upto 78.9% in in vitro. The maximum reduction of collar rot disease incidence over control was 82.4% in soybean and 77.6% in chickpea which was recorded in the plot where T. harzianum was applied in the soil. The highest seed germination: 86.3% in soybean and 84.8% in chickpea, maximum fresh shoot weight: 94.5 g plant-1 in soybean, 62.5 g plant-1 in chickpea, maximum fresh root weight: 10.7 g plant-1 in soybean, 9.3 g plant-1 in chickpea and the highest yield: 2830 kg ha-1 in soybean, 1836 kg ha-1 in chickpea were obtained by the application of Trichoderma in soil. The study indicated that the tested isolate of T. harzianum had potential in controlling collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. For the reduction of collar rot incidence application of T. harzianum in soil was found more effective than seed treatment. 

scholarly journals Role of temperature, seedling-age and soil moisture on collar rot disease in lentil caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and identification of resistance sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Roy ◽  
Camellia Das ◽  
Diana Sagolsem ◽  
Dhriti Ghose ◽  
Sumit K Murmu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract Collar rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii attacks lentils at the seedling stage and reduces plant population considerably in the field. Although soil moisture and temperature influence disease development much, no concrete attempts to find the optimum level of moisture, temperature, and seedling age have been made in lentils. Here, we identified optimum soil moisture, temperature, and seedling age that allow successful infection by S. rolfsii and maximum seedling mortality in a controlled environment inside a plant growth chamber. Screening of one hundred and ninety genotypes for two consecutive years in the field identified some resistant genotypes. Ten genotypes were selected from earlier screening and further evaluated in sick plots at two different locations with different pH for three consecutive years. About 80% variation in disease resistance was due to genotypes, and minor infection of collar rot disease was observed in acidic lateritic soil than in neutral alluvial soil. Furthermore, low mycelial load in a selected resistant genotype was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using an S. rolfsii specific primer pair. The identified resistant genotypes will be helpful to breeding collar rot resistant cultivars and mapping disease resistance. In addition, the study improves the understanding of the development of collar rot disease, which is critical for expanding the area under cultivation in Asia, especially in rice fallows.

SEEDLING BLIGHT, A FUSARIAL DISEASE OF ASPARAGUS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Emergence Phase ◽  
Embryonic Region ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Incidence of seedling blight in Ontario can be correlated with proximity of mature plantations or with the presence of debris from a previous asparagus crop. As the disease was detected on seedlings grown in soil from "volunteer" plants growing in isolated habitats, the pathogen is considered to be indigenous. The pathogen penetrates directly into the embryonic region of the root tip, or through stomata on the hypocotyl, and colonizes the host both intercellularly and intracellularly. Its limitation to the cortex is regarded as unusual among the parasitic fusaria, which are mainly vascular. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum sensu Snyder & Hansen var. redolens (Wr.) Gordon. In comparison with F. moniliforme Sheldon, found to cause a root tip necrosis of asparagus seedlings, the cortical Fusarium produced less growth on basal medium plus cellulose but more growth on sucrose, and showed a greater ability to hydrolyze starch. Differing nutrient preferences are suggested as one explanation for the localized types of colonization exhibited by these two fusaria. The optimum soil temperature for disease incidence was established at 25°-30 °C. The effect of temperatures above 30 °C. is considered to be twofold: (1) inhibiting growth of the pathogen and (2) permitting the host to escape by inducing its more rapid emergence. Below 20 °C, the pre-emergence phase of the disease is favored by a retardation of the rate of emergence. Both low and high levels of soil moisture retard emergence and favor pre-emergence blight. Under greenhouse conditions, incidence of the disease usually increased more rapidly when leguminous rather than nonleguminous residues were present in the soil and there was some evidence that the saprophytic growth of the pathogen was more profuse on certain nonliving substrates.

Management of collar rot ( Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gandhi ◽  
R. S Taya ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Screen House

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important short duration crop which can be grown in all seasons and produces high quality edible and industrial oil, besides animal feed and fodders. Sclerotium rolfsii cause both pre and post-emergence mortality of young seedlings besides inciting collar rot in adult plants is considered to be potential biotic limiting factor for cultivation of sunflower. Keeping this fact in view, few fungicides and bio-agents were tested as seed treatment and soil application to manage the collar rot of sunflower under screen house and field conditions. Results indicated that use of fungicides and bio-agents as seed and soil treatments significantly reduced the incidence of collar rot. Under screen house conditions, maximum disease control (75.15 %) was obtained by Vitavax power (carboxin + thiram ) @ 2g/kg seed followed by captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg (70.35%). Trichoderma harzianum @ 20g/kg soil application showed maximum control of the disease (40.62%) as compared to untreated control. Results of studies conducted under field conditions revealed that seed treatment with captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg seed was found most effective treatment in controlling the disease incidence (73.38 %). Among the different bio-agent evaluated, Pseudomonas fluorescensas as soil application gave maximum disease control (55.11 %) of collar rot of sunflower and also maximum seed yield

scholarly journals Relationships of Preharvest Weather Conditions and Soil Factors to Susceptibility of Sweetpotato to Postharvest Decay Caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and Dickeya dadantii

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Edmunds ◽  
Christopher A. Clark ◽  
Arthur Q. Villordon ◽  
Gerald J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
High Soil Temperature

Postharvest soft rots of sweetpotato caused by Rhizopus stolonifer (Rhizopus soft rot) and Dickeya dadantii (bacterial root rot) occur sporadically and can result in significant losses. A 3-year field study related preharvest conditions, including soil texture, chemistry, and fertility; air temperature; soil temperature and moisture; and various cultural practices (153 total variables), to postharvest susceptibility to both diseases in 75 sweetpotato fields in North Carolina and 63 sweetpotato fields in Louisiana. Storage roots were sampled from each field, cured, stored, and inoculated with each pathogen after 100 to 120 days in storage. Disease susceptibility was measured as incidence of diseased storage roots 10 days following inoculation. There was wide variation from field to field in incidence of both diseases (0 to 100% for Rhizopus soft rot and 5 to 95% for bacterial root rot) in both states in each year. Correlations between disease incidence and each of the preharvest variables revealed numerous significant correlations but the variables that correlated with disease incidence were different between North Carolina and Louisiana. Models for both diseases were built by first using forward stepwise regression to identify variables of interest, followed by a mixed-model analysis to produce a final reduced model. For North Carolina fields, postharvest Rhizopus soft rot susceptibility was described by the percentage of the soil cation exchange capacity occupied by calcium, amount of plant-available soil phosphorus, percent soil humic matter, mean air temperature, mean volumetric soil moisture at 40 cm in depth, and mean soil temperature at 2 cm in depth. Postharvest bacterial soft rot susceptibility was described by soil pH and the number of days of high soil temperature late in the season. For Louisiana fields, Rhizopus soft rot susceptibility was described by a complex of variables, including late-season air and soil temperature and late-season days of extreme soil moisture. For bacterial root rot, days of low air temperature and days of high soil temperature late in the season as well as days of low soil moisture best described variation. Although the influence of preharvest variables on postharvest susceptibility was profound for each disease, the complexity of factors involved and differences between the data for the two states makes development of a predictive system extremely difficult.

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