The Ancient Model – an Aesthetic Program and Method of Teaching During the 17th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Ancheva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Artist's Books ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Art Academies

During the 17th century there was a change in the style and the aesthetic principles as well as in the canon, the proportions and the type of the figures depicted. In fact, towards the end of the seventeenth century, studying the ancient models took priority over the study of nature. The “Ancient Model” became not only a teaching method in the art academies, but also an aesthetic base for shaping the style and the manners of work. This is something we can see in the illustrative parts of the anatomy for artist’s books of the era. The presence of images of emblematic ancient sculptures becomes almost obligatory.

John Brinsley

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lengthy Discussion

Summary John Brinsley (1566-c.1630) seems to have been the first English scholar to publish a comprehensive language-teaching course for students of Latin. His first textbook, which appeared in 1612, was a lengthy discussion of teaching method; it was followed by a grammar, and by translations of Latin texts of varying degrees of difficulty, arranged in a special format to assist private study. His last publication was a dictionary devoted to the kind of vocabulary relevant to the practical needs of the early 17th century, when Latin was still the language of the professions. So valuable did English schoolmasters find his works — which also stressed the necessity of studying the vernacular — that they were reprinted two or three times, and one (the grammar) reached a fifteenth edition. But they did not attain the continuing success which they deserved, because they were superseded from the 1630’s by the textbooks of Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670) which were more specifically directed towards the growing scientific interests of the seventeenth century. Although the name of Brinsley has long been known to historians of education, no comprehensive account has previously been given of his writings or of his biography. This study is an attempt to supply more detailed information about both, and to assess his importance in the history of applied linguistics.

La troisième dimension — De la fonction éthique et esthétique du décor dans le théâtre de machines français du XVIIe siècle

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-168
Author(s):  
Kirsten Dickhaut
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Xviie Siecle ◽  
The Aesthetic

AbstractThe machine theatre in France achieves its peak in the second half of the seventeenth century. It is the construction of machines that permits the adequate representation of the third dimension on stage. This optical illusion is created by flying characters, as heroes, gods, or demons moving horizontally and vertically. The enumeration indicates that only characters possessing either ethically exemplary character traits or incorporating sin are allowed to fly. Therefore, the third dimension indicates bienséance – or its opposite. According to this, the following thesis is deduced: The machine theatre illustrates via aesthetic concerns characterising its third dimension an ethic foundation. Ethic and aesthetics determine each other in the context of both, decorum and in theatre practice. In order to prove this thesis three steps are taken. First of all, the machine theatre’s relationship to imitation and creation is explored. Second, the stage design, representing the aesthetic benefits of the machines in service of the third dimension, are explained. Finally, the concrete example of Pierre Corneille’s Andromède is analysed by pointing out the role of Pegasus and Perseus.

'Barocke' Lyrik lesen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Werle
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Pop Literature

How should one go about reading German 17th century poetry? Dirk Werle answers this question on the basis of a consistently historical understanding of both genre and epoch. In the seventeenth century, “poetry” had a decidedly different meaning from what we take it to be today, and there was no such thing as our term “Baroque”. For each of the chapter's introductory analyses, from which more general considerations and points of view are developed, poems have been selected that do not appear in relevant anthologies and therefore allow unbiased access to a fascinating field of literary history. The Author shows that 17th century poetry is characterized by a poetics of repetition, based on affinity to music and the principle of convivial play. It is a form of pop literature that does not directly refer to reality, but creates a poetic world all its own. To grasp this phenomenon, a “hermeneutics of simplicity” is called for, which is introduced and explained in this book.

The Album De Colbert: The Image of Shipbuilding

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The Album de Colbert compiled by an anonymous author in the second half of the seventeenth century is among the most important illustrated testimonies of the art of shipbuilding. Probably commissioned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance and Minister of the Navy of the kingdom of France, the Album was composed to make Louis XIV understand the complexity of shipbuilding. It was also made to support the creation of a navy with the ambition of being competitive with the Royal Navy and with the intent of modernising and expanding the French shipbuilding industry. The fifty plates that make up this illustrated treatise unravel the story of the construction of a first-rank 80-gun line vessel, from the laying of the keel to the launch. It is a unique document that has no contemporaries or precursors because it is not a didactic collection of boats, like the previous treaties that had a completely different methodological approach, more technical-descriptive than illustrative, but it wants to go beyond the scientific treatise. Its purpose was instead to measure itself with representation, showing through the strength of drawing and images the peculiar aspects of the reality of shipbuilding, using iconography as a means of transmitting knowledge related to the world of shipyards and shipbuilding in the 17th century.

scholarly journals A Monstrous Ideal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Robert Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
High Status ◽  
Written Materials

The paper suggests that 17th-century writers sometimes thought about disciplines, methods, and concepts as skilful, in the sense that these objects and processes held information, were used as tools to aid discrimination (where their use might also be skilful), and were the aggregated experience of people with skill as well as the product of their activities. The paper also suggests that servants were thought about in a similar way. Drawing on range of printed texts and a series of 'ideal servant' emblems from the 16th to the 18th century – in which servant chimeras and cyborgs appear with limbs and heads replaced by animal parts and/or inanimate objects connected with domestic service – the paper asks: in what ways did these materials place servants placed in relation to skill, or make them part of an institution in which one might be skilled, or part of a practice susceptible to modification by skill? The paper concludes by looking closely at a 1682 print and argues that it articulates a similar sense of skill as that found in 17th-century written materials. The print – in which a servant holds the tools of high-status arts in which one might be skilled, but servants were not – occupies an intermediate position between the emblematic servant of the sixteenth to mid-seventeenth century (whose capacities and attributes are expressed by the conventional significance of animals and tools) and the joke automaton maidservant of the eighteenth and nineteenth (made out of the objects around which and through which the work of domestic service takes place – the composite servant-body figures the energy of the living servant that puts them in motion).

scholarly journals EL LÉXICO DE LA VIDA COTIDIANA EN TIERRA DE CAMPOS EN EL SIGLO XVII (APEROS Y RECIPIENTES AGRÍCOLAS) = The daily lexicon in Tierra de Campos in the Seventeenth century (agricultural tools and containers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Marta Miguel Borge
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
People's Daily

<p>No cabe duda de que los inventarios de bienes proporcionan una información muy valiosa sobre el léxico de la vida cotidiana. En nuestro caso, hemos realizado un muestreo en la comarca de Tierra de Campos en el siglo XVII. El corpus documental se configura a partir de protocolos notariales obtenido en los Archivos Históricos Provinciales de León, Palencia, Valladolid y Zamora. Estos inventarios constituyen una herramienta fundamental para conocer el léxico de los bienes y objetos que componían el día a día de las personas. En nuestro caso, el campo semántico estudiado se centra en la actividad agrícola.</p><p>There is no doubt that property inventories provide invaluable information about the lexicon of everyday life. In our case, we have carried out a sampling in the Tierra de Campos region (Castile and Leon, Spain) in the 17th century. The documentary corpus has been taken from the notarial protocols from the Provincial Historical Archives of León, Palencia, Valladolid, and Zamora. These inventories are an essential tool to find out the lexicon of the goods and objects of people's daily life. In our case, focused on agricultural activity.</p>

Bartering for Slaves on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA A. NEWSON
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Trading Network

In the context of debates about the definition and origins of globalisation and the role of African agency in the Atlantic slave trade, this chapter examines the commodities traded by Portuguese New Christian slave traders on the Upper Guinea coast in the early 17th century. Based on detailed account books of three slave traders discovered in the Inquisition section of the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima, Peru, it shows how Africans often determined the types and prices of goods exchanged and forced Europeans to adapt to local trade networks. Hence while commodities such as Indian textiles and beads reflected the position of the Portuguese slave traders in a global trading network, at the same time they were actively involved in trading locally produced cloth and beeswax as well as slaves.

From Research on the Literary Hermeneutics

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-84
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Aesthetic

The research consists of the series of articles analyzing the pre- viously unexplored expressiveness, figurativeness, fantasy and sarcasticity of a number of Old Russian works. The first article reveals the expressiveness of the “Turkic” utterances of Afanasy Nikitin in The Journey Beyond Three Seas according to the list of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA), f. 181, no. 371 of the first quarter of the 16th century. The second article characterizes the distorted, fantastic earthly worlds depicted in the Tale of the Twelve Dreams of King Shahaisha according to the list of the Russian National Library (RNL), Kir.-Beloz., no. 22/1099 of the 1470s; in the Conversation of Three Saints according to the list of the Russian State Library (RSL), Troitsk., no. 778 of the beginning of the 16th century; in the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow Main Archive (MMA), no. 250–455 of the late 17th century; in The Tale of Ersh Ershovich according to the list of Pushkin House, 1.27.105 of the late 17th — early 18th centuries; in the Bird Council according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.17 the mid-18th century; in the Medicine Book. How to Treat Foreigners according to the list of the RNL, Q.XVII.96, Peter’s time; in the Legend of a Luxurious Life and Fun according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.57 of the first quarter of the 18th cen- tury. The third article examines the aesthetic role of verses in the collections of the late 17th century: RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 233, 249, 380, 411, 499. The fourth article shows that some compilers of collections of the 17th century appreciated the visual arts of works, mostly very old (оn the example of collections of the RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 460, 384, 18, 340, 231). In two Appendices to the article are published the descriptions of the composition of the collection no. 231 and the text of the parable about the dispute of parts of the human body. In two Ap- pendices to the article, it is said about the everyday depiction of the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455 of the late 17th century and on the expressiveness of articles in the miniature collection of the RSL, Bolshakov, no. 325. The fifth article points to the mocking meaning of proverbs and sayings about criminals in the same collection of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455. Finally, the sixth article draws attention to the evolution of the literary work of Archpriest Avvakum from brief mentions of events to detailed stories about them (оn the material of Vita, petitions, Book of Interpretations, Book of Accusations, Write-off about the creation of man, The Lamentable Word about the death of noblewoman F. Morozova). We must warn you that the pictorial and expressive meaning of the examples and phrases quot- ed from the texts of the monuments is not thoroughly proved in this work, but is only stated. Otherwise, each example would require an independent essay on certain literary means, and the theme and composition of the work would be completely different.

Russian aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Terras
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Architecture And Music

Aesthetics as a branch of philosophy, or in the sense of an explicitly stated theory of art, appeared in Russia no earlier than the seventeenth century, under the direct influence of Western thought. It developed in connection with the adoption of European art forms. Russian contributions in terms of original styles in all forms of art, as well as of certain aesthetic notions which may be credited to Russia, came in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and must be understood in context with European art and aesthetic thought. Russian art, music and literature, as well as the aesthetic notions guiding them, get their Russianness from the political and social background, a major factor in literature, and from a carrying over of traits found in Russian folk art, folk music and folklore, as well as in religious texts, iconography, architecture and music, whose Orthodox version is sharply distinct from their equivalents in the Roman Catholic West.

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