scholarly journals On the Description of Cityscape in Novels Written by Zhang Ailing (Eileen Chang)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Qinyan Lv

Zhang Ailing captures and describes various cityscapes with fierce and exquisite style. These “-scapes” not only exist as the carrier of urban civilization, but also demonstrate the looks of Shanghai’s people from all walks of life. The “-scapes” represented by apparels entail pessimistic life philosophy and connotate the emotional experience and fate of characters. Architectures, as time-markers, are shaped in the macro background of the era sensitively and organically. As for sounds, they can not only strengthen the daily space constructed by Zhang Ailing because of their inherent natural attributes, but also vividly depict the living things in the form of hearing. All kinds of “-scapes”, such as apparels, architectures, and sounds, whether fleeting or continuous, have been polished into an indispensable form in Zhang Ailing's urban writing. They are scattered all over the city and bear the unique literary significance organically and completely.

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Dorn

Historians have produced a rich and sophisticated literature on urban reform in the progressive era before the First World War. It includes numerous studies of individual cities, biographies of urban leaders, and analyses of particular movements and organizations. This literature illuminates important variations among reformers and their achievements, the relationships between urban growth and reform, and the functional role of the old-style political machines against which progressives battled. Similarly, there are many examinations of progressive-era reformers' ideas about and attitudes toward the burgeoning industrial cities that had come into being with disquieting rapidity during their own lifetimes. Some of these works go well beyond the controversial conclusions of Morton and Lucia White in The Intellectual Versus the City (1964) to find more complex—and sometimes more positive—assessments of the new urban civilization.


PMLA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-499
Author(s):  
Eileen Chang

Translation played a central role in the life of Eileen Chang (Zhang Ailing, 1920-95). One of the most iconic figures in twentieth-century Chinese literature, Chang also wrote extensively in English throughout her career, which began in the early 1940s in Japanese-occupied Shanghai. She achieved fame quickly but fell into obscurity after the war ended in 1945. Chang stayed in Shanghai through the 1949 Communist revolution and in 1952 moved to Hong Kong, where she worked as a freelance translator and writer for the United States Information Service and wrote two anti-Communist novels in English and Chinese, The Rice-Sprout Song (1955) and Naked Earth (1956).


Author(s):  
Shuang Shen

Eileen Chang was one of the most unique and distinguished voices in early twentieth century China. Focusing mostly on intricate family and romantic relations in the colonial and urban settings, her early works bridge the divide between tradition and modernity by infusing the Chinese vernacular fiction tradition with modern sensibilities. Her bilingual writings in English and Chinese present a fascinating case study for cross-cultural translation in the context of immigration and Chinese diaspora. Eileen Chang grew up in a distinguished family of prominent politicians and military leaders during the last dynasty of imperial China. Many myths and memories about her famous ancestors would find their way into Chang’s essays, short stories, and novels. But the part of the family history that most affected Chang was the discord between her parents due to the divergent paths they had chosen between tradition and modernity. Her mother, a prototypical New Woman, left China when Eileen was two years old, and sojourned in Europe for a number of years.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güzin Yasemin Tunçay Son ◽  
Meryem Bulut

Vegan and vegetarianism that becomes an increasing trend day by day is a life style and a life philosophy and a bioethical approach. The reason of choosing for being a vegan/ vegetarian differs according to people’s preferences. These may be; respecting for a living things’ life, taking an ethical position against exploitation of animals, reducing ecological damage, being healthy and religious purposes. Most people believe that the nature and animals just exist for the sake of them. Accordingly, people use and consume them with impunity. Human exploits animals to use them for different kinds of purposes he wishes. While some of them are cared and fed at home (like cats, dogs) some of them are raised at farms for eating or to benefit from their products such as eggs and milk. There are also some other animals to be used for entertaining purposes in circuses or camel wrestling and bull fighting. There are also animals used for their abilities. A police dog can be given as an example. Police dogs are used for their powerful sense of smell that people have not. There have been some traditional practices that include some animals. Other two examples are turkeys being eaten at thanksgiving day and a ram decorated at the Festival of Sacrifice and sent to the fiancée‘s home. On the one hand it is observed that consuming meat of an animal has different meanings in terms of gender considerations. For example, eating meat is viewed as masculine behavior while eating vegetables is feminine. In addition, meat at advertisements is generally symbolized as a woman. These kinds of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs affect development of veganism/ vegetarianism positively or negatively. In this paper, veganism/vegetarianism is described as a life style. Özet Gün geçtikçe sayılarında artış olan vegan ve vejetaryenlik, bir yaşam tarzı, bir hayat felsefesi ve biyoetik bir yaklaşımdır. İnsanların vegan/vejetaryenliği seçme nedenleri farklılık gösterebilir. Bunlar, canlı yaşamına saygı göstermek, hayvan sömürüsüne karşı etik bir duruş sergilemek, ekolojiye verilen zararı azaltmak, sağlıklı olmak ve dini inançlar gibi nedenler olabilir. Birçok insan doğanın ve hayvanların kendileri için var olduğunu düşünmektedir. Dolayısıyla insanlar onları dilediği gibi fütursuzca kullanmakta ve tüketmektedir. Hayvanlar insanların istediği gibi ve istediği şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Kimi hayvanlar sevilip evde beslenirken (kedi, köpek gibi), bazı hayvanlarda çiftliklerde tutulup yenilmek ya da yumurta, süt gibi ürünlerinden yararlanmak için yetiştirilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra sirklerde; deve ve boğa güreşleri gibi etkinliklerde eğlenmek için kullanılan hayvanlar da bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca yeteneklerinden yararlanılan hayvanlar da vardır. Polis köpekleri bunlara örnek verilebilir. Polis köpekleri insanlarda olmayan keskin koku alma yetenekleri ile insanlar için kullanılmaktadır. Bazı hayvanların dâhil olduğu ve gelenekselleşen pratikler de vardır. Şükran günlerinde tüketilen hindiler, kurban bayramları ve bu bayramda bir koçun süslenerek nişanlı kadının evine gönderilmesi örnek olabilir. Hayvan etinin tüketimine bakıldığında, toplumsal cinsiyet açısından farklı anlamlar içerdiği de görülmektedir. Örneğin et tüketimi erkeksi bir davranış olarak görülmekte iken, sebze tüketimi kadınlara yakıştırılan bir davranış olmaktadır. Bütün bu konular, hayvanların kullanımı, et tüketimi ile ilgili insanların davranış, tutumlar ve inançları vegan/vejetaryenliğin gelişimine etkilemektedir. Bu makalede de sözünü ettiğimiz bu yönleriyle bir yaşam tarzı olarak vegan/vejetaryenlik söz edilmektedir.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Susan J. Wake ◽  
Sally Birdsall

AbstractEnvironmental educators remain challenged by how to encourage people to make connections between environmental quality and human development in a way that is socially just and equitable for all living things. This article explores links between performance-based learning and environmental education pedagogy as one way to address this challenge. Sixteen children (8–10 years) from an Auckland primary school worked with a performance artist to present Lookout, an intimate performance by a child for an adult. Its intent was to juxtapose people’s different backgrounds, experiences and ages in a two-way communication of their view of Auckland City through an environmental lens encompassing past, present and future, while surveying the city from a vantage point. Analysis of data from focus groups with the children and interviews with their parents (also participants) showed that the Lookout process led to children developing a deeper understanding of Auckland City’s issues, a stronger sense of connection to their city, an understanding of the future, and feelings of empowerment. However, their parents’ learning was more tenuous. Three key elements to the success of Lookout for learning are identified, and it is proposed that these could be used when developing performance-based environmental education programs.


1977 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Roger W. Lotchin ◽  
Blaine A. Brownell ◽  
David R. Goldfield

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Vitor Viana da Costa ◽  
André Accioly Nogueira Machado ◽  
Nielpson Dias Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Simões Bolfe

Compreendamos a Educação Ambiental como sendo um bloco de ensinamentos teórico-práticos que objetiva fazer com que o indivíduo atente para as ações promovidas por ele mesmo e perceba a importância destas para a preservação e conservação do meio ambiente, visando o bem-estar e a saúde de todos os seres vivos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer um levantamento do perfil dos gestores escolares entrevistados, além de analisar as contribuições dos gestores para a promoção do conhecimento acerca dos temas “Sustentabilidade” e “Meio Ambiente”, contribuindo para a Educação Ambiental nas escolas e na sociedade. Esta é uma pesquisa de campo e apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizada em sete escolas de ensino público municipal da Regional V, na cidade de Fortaleza. Participaram desta pesquisa sete gestores escolares, das sete escolas que foram o cenário desta pesquisa. Utilizou-se um questionário e uma entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados. Sobre o exercício da função de gestor, percebeu-se que 71,4% dos entrevistados gerem apenas uma escola, enquanto apenas 28,56% gerem duas ou mais. Notou-se, também, que, sobre o tempo total de experiência na função, 28,56% dos entrevistados informaram que têm entre 16 – 20 anos como gestor e, sobre o tempo de gestão nas escolas atuais, 42,84% estão entre três e cinco anos na função. Conclui-se que, na comunidade escolar, todos os integrantes têm o seu devido papel, mas, diante da sua função, o gestor é a pessoa responsável por incentivar, apoiar e se mostrar disponível para ações desta natureza.AbstractWe understand Environmental Education as being a block of theoretical-practical teachings that aims to make the individual attentive to the actions promoted by himself and realize the importance of these for the preservation and conservation of the environment, aiming at the well-being and health of all living things. The objective of this research was to survey the profile of school managers interviewed, as well as to analyze the contributions of managers to the promotion of knowledge about "Sustainability" and "Environment", contributing to Environmental Education in schools and society. This is a field research and presented a qualitative approach, being carried out in seven municipal public schools of the Regional V, in the city of Fortaleza. Seven school managers participated in this research, from the seven schools that were the scene of this research. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. Regarding the role of manager, 71.4% of respondents managed only one school, while only 28.56% managed two or more. It was also noted that 28.56% of the respondents reported that they had between 16 and 20 years of age as manager, and 42.84% of their three and five years in office. It is concluded that, in the school community, all the members have their proper role, but, given their role, the manager is the person responsible for encouraging, supporting and showing himself available for actions of this nature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Daniel Dias da Silva ◽  
Ana Virgínia Marinho ◽  
Lúcio Esmeraldo Honório de Melo ◽  
Bruna Karla Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
Elizabeth Sampaio de Medeiros ◽  
...  

Water is an element extremely important, essential for life, and necessary to maintain some factors such as intracellular pressure, assist digestive processes, carry nutrients, eliminate toxins through urine and allow the thermal balance of living things. However, it is a scarce element as the national water resources policy in Brazil advocates. In recent years water has become one of the biggest global problems due to lack and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of saline intake on the health of dairy cattle. The actions consisted of periodic visits to a rural property located in the city of Pesqueira, Agreste Pernambucano - Brazil, whose main economic activity is milk production and cheese making. The herd has milk aptitude and consists of 182 animals. Samples of desalination tailings water that were supplied for quench the animals were collected. Blood samples from the cattle were collected and sent for hematological exams. The results showed alterations of some physicochemical parameters of water and high serum levels of chloride and sodium in cattle. The continuous intake of wastewater from the desalination process for the quench of dairy cattle alters the serological and physiological patterns of these animals. Further studies must be conducted on dairy products regarding their quality and health impact.


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