scholarly journals Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Its Resistance Profiles in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Boostani ◽  
Farzaneh Dehghan ◽  
Afsaneh Karmostaji ◽  
Nader Zolghadri ◽  
Afsaneh Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired

<p>Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity, mortality and economic problems especially for patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) ward. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU, identify the causative bacteria and their resistance profiles. This cross sectional study was performed on 214 patients who were admitted in the ICU ward of a general hospital requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Identification of HABP was based on the clinical signs manifested 48 h or more after admission, new chest X-ray infiltrates and microbiologic examination of endo tracheal secretion. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 to perform the descriptive statistics. The isolated gram negative bacteria were <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (50%), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (18.7%), <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (12.5%), <em>Escherichia coli</em> (12.5%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeroginosa</em> (6.3%). The maximum antimicrobial resistance of gram negative bacteria was to Cefazolin (100%) and Ampicillin (84.6%), while antimicrobial resistance to Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Amoxycillin+clavulanate, Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and Ciprofloxacin was 33.3%. No resistance was seen towards carbapenems.The most frequent gram negative isolated bacterium was <em>K. pneumoniae, </em>and maximum antimicrobial resistance rate was observed for Cefazolin and Ampicillin, which is due to betalactamase production.</p>

scholarly journals Hand Colonization with Gram-Negative Organisms of Healthcare Workers Accessing the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Uganda Heart Institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lameck Ssemogerere ◽  
Cornelius Sendagire ◽  
Ceaser Mbabazi ◽  
Yvonne Namungoma ◽  
Anna Noland Oketayot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Heart Institute ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background. Hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) are vehicles for pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Following the identification of Gram-negative organisms (GNOs) in all cases of HAIs in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU), we sought to determine the burden of hand colonization with GNOs among healthcare workers who access the cardiac ICU. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed results from surveillance cultures of fingertip imprints of HCWs who access the cardiac ICU at the Uganda Heart Institute. We collected data on staff category, isolates, and susceptibility to antibiotics. We analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel, and the results are summarized in proportions and percentages and presented in charts and tables. Results. Fifty-six healthcare workers participated in the surveillance. 21 were ICU clinicians, 21 non-ICU clinicians, and 14 nonclinicians. GNOs were cultured in 19 (33.9%) HCWs, in which 8/19 (42.1%) were non-ICU clinicians, 6/19 (31.2%) ICU clinicians, and 5/19 (26.3%) nonclinicians. 32 isolates were identified, of which 47%, 28%, and 25% were cultured from non-ICU clinicians, nonclinicians, and ICU clinicians, respectively. Predominant isolates were Acinetobacter (34%), Citrobacter (21.9%), and Pseudomonas (21.9%). Antimicrobial resistance ranged from 4% to 90%. 9/28 (32.1%) isolates, predominantly Acinetobacter species (spp), were carbapenem resistant. 8/28 (28.6%) isolates, predominantly Citrobacter spp, were multidrug resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefepime was low at 3.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusion. Gram-negative organisms, predominantly Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp, were prevalent on the hands of HCWs who access the cardiac ICU irrespective of the staff category. Antimicrobial resistance was high, with multidrug resistance and carbapenem resistance common among Citrobacter spp and Acinetobacter spp, respectively. Resistance to cefepime and ciprofloxacin was low.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT THE CENTRAL JAVA HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Puspita Sari ◽  
Titik Nuryastuti ◽  
Djoko Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Objective: Multidrug-resistance (MDR) is defined as an acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. MDR can be caused by several factors, including the misuse of antibiotics.  Resistance to antibiotics still poses a global challenge, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify patterns of MDR in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the Central Java Hospital, during the period of January 2014 to December 2015.Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive retrospective design. The research population comprised of 225 patients. Patient inclusion criteria were neonatal patients treated in NICU ward with infection diagnosis. All patients had culture and sensitivity examinations on their bloods. The culture and sensitivity examinations were performed by microbiology clinicians.Results: The most common infection type was sepsis (60%). The most common bacteria found in the blood specimen of patients in the NICU ward was Gram-negative bacteria with a 72% rate, the other was Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria which infected patients include; Klebsiellapneumoniaessppneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bulkholderiacepacia, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Enterobactercloacae ssp cloacae, Serratiamarcescens, Staphylococcus haemolyticusand Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research result showed that 97.8% MDR cases were reported in the NICU ward. Antibiotics which were still potent for all bacteria found in NICU patients were tigecycline, meropenem and ciprofloxacin (for Gram-negative bacteria) and tigecycline, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, moxifloksacin and vancomycin (for Gram-positive bacteria).Conclusion: A high percentage of MDR occurred in NICU patients. Sepsis is the most common diagnosis in NICU patients. The usage of third generation antibiotics should be limited and regulated systematically.   

scholarly journals PATIENTS' MICROFLORA COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
O.V. Posoiuznykh ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

We studied the microflora structure and resistance gathered from the biomaterial of patients and the environment objects of various departments at the National hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. 140 clinical samples of biomaterials from 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit, the infectious diseases and the gastroenterology departments were studied. A systematic approach including microbiological, epidemiological and statistical research methods was used in carrying out the study. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (38.5 per cent) prevailed in the biomaterial of intensive care unit patients. Nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria (46.5 per cent) occupied the leading positions in the infectious diseases department and Gram-positive bacteria (39.3 per cent) were in the gastroenterology department. Gram-positive flora (60.2 per cent in the intensive care unit and 50.7 per cent in the infectious diseases department) prevailed in the microflora structure gathered from hospital environment objects. We identified the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria with a wide spectrum of resistance in the departments of the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM INFANTS – PATIENTS OF NATIONAL HOSPITAL PEDIATRICS HANOI, VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
Khu Thi Khanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Pure Block ◽  
Carbapenem Antibiotic

The results of studies of resistance to antibiotics microflora isolated from mucous pharynx and rectum of patients intensive care unit newborns of National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi are presented. It is shown that gram-negative bacteria isolated from children have a high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenem. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from children receiving treatment in «pure» block did not differ from sustainability of the strains, selected from children in «dirty» block.

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