The Difficulties Experienced in Teaching Proof to Prospective Mathematics Teachers: Academician Views

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürsel Güler
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Prospective Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Experience Difficulty

<p>The aim of this study is to examine the difficulties prospective mathematics teachers experience in mathematical proving, the courses in which they have difficulties in proving, the importance of proof in mathematics education and its functions in their professional lives. The data of the study was collected via semi-structured interviews with fifteen academicians who volunteered to take part in the study. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained. As a result of the study, based the views of the academicians, it was seen that prospective mathematics teachers experience four different difficulties in proving. Besides, in line with the views of the academicians the following categories were formed: the courses that prospective teachers experience difficulty, the importance of proof in mathematics education and its functions in prospective teachers’ professional lives and these categories were presented with their subcategories.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Research on Proving: The Case of Prospective Mathematics Teachers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Gülçin Oflaz ◽  
Kübra Polat ◽  
Duygu Altaylı Özgül ◽  
Mario Alcaide ◽  
José Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mathematical Proofs ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Prospective Mathematics Teachers

It is of critical importance, in particular, for mathematics teachers who will teach future generations to understand and do mathematical proofs. It is important to determine future teachers&#39; beliefs about and difficulties with proofs because their knowledge of this issue affects their teaching. This study aims to determine and compare the proof schemes of prospective mathematics teachers from two state universities, one in Turkey and the other in Spain. The case study was conducted within this study. The participants were 51 prospective teachers at their second year from the department of teaching mathematics education at Huelva University in Spain and 45 prospective teachers from the department of teaching mathematics education at Cumhuriyet University in Turkey. The Proof Test consisted of four questions about proofs for parallelograms. Semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted to investigate the prospective teachers&rsquo; responses in-depth. The findings suggest that prospective teachers from Turkey and Spain indicated affinity in proving. The majority of the prospective mathematics teachers were either unable to complete the proof or completed the proof in an inaccurate way.

scholarly journals Determining the Perceptions of Female Mathematics Teachers Concerning the Concept of “Female Mathematician” Through Metaphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Cemalettin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Positive Meaning

The aim of this study is to analyze the perceptions of female mathematics teachers concerning the concept of “female mathematician” through metaphors. In the study, phenomenology method was used. The participants consisted of 98 female mathematics teachers who work at secondary schools. The data was obtained through the statement “Female mathematicians are like ... because ...” completed by female mathematics teachers. The teachers were asked to write a metaphor in the first blank concerning the concept of female mathematician and they wrote their reasons of writing that metaphor in the second blank. The data was analyzed through content analysis method. At the end of the study, it was determined that the teachers had formed 71 different metaphors concerning female mathematicians. The first three concepts occurring to the minds of mathematics teachers concerning the concept of female mathematician were found as “male mathematician”, “mother” and “equation”. Additionally, it was determined that the metaphors of the teachers were collected under six different categories. Among these categories, the category of “female mathematician as a person who has desired qualities and is needed” was observed to be emphasized more distinctly. It was also seen that explanations of the teachers were collected under 34 features and among these features; the codes of “scarcity” and “incomprehensibility” were emphasized more distinctly. Finally, it was determined that metaphors, categories and features concerning female mathematicians had a positive meaning in general. It is recommended to enhance the living and working conditions of female mathematics teachers and increase their number.

scholarly journals Prospective Mathematics Teachers Understanding of Classical and Frequentist Probability

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Carmen Batanero ◽  
Nuria Begué ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Arroyo ◽  
Silvia M. Valenzuela-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Frequentist Probability ◽  
Prospective Mathematics Teachers

Strengthening the teaching of probability requires an adequate training of prospective teachers, which should be based on the prior assessment of their knowledge. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyse how 139 prospective Spanish mathematics teachers relate the classical and frequentist approaches to probability. To achieve this goal, content analysis was used to categorize the prospective teachers’ answers to a questionnaire with open-ended tasks in which they had to estimate and justify the composition of an urn, basing their answers on the results of 1000 extractions from the urn. Most of the sample proposed an urn model consistent with the data provided; however, the percentage that adequately justified the construction was lower. Although the majority of the sample correctly calculated the probability of an event in a new extraction and chose the urn giving the highest probability, a large proportion of the sample forgot the previously constructed urn model, using only the frequency data. Difficulties, such as equiprobability bias or not perceiving independence of trials in replacement sampling, were also observed for a small part of the sample. These results should be considered in the organisation of probabilistic training for prospective teachers.

scholarly journals Atletismo: iniciação esportiva de acordo com atletas olímpicos brasileiros (Atletismo: iniciación deportiva según atletas olímpicos brasileños) (Athletics: sports initiation according to Brazilian Olympic athletes)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Isabelle Plociniak Costa ◽  
André Felipe Caregnato ◽  
José Francisco López-Gil ◽  
Fernando Renato Cavichiolli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Resumo. A formação esportiva é um processo que depende de vários fatores internos e externos ao individuo. Nesse processo, a forma que ocorre a iniciação esportiva é de alta relevância, pois um planejamento organizado possibilita uma formação qualificada. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como ocorre a iniciação esportiva na modalidade de atletismo de acordo com a perspectiva de atletas olímpicos brasileiros. Metodologia: Foi utilizada uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativo empregando a técnica de entrevistas semiestruturada, sendo que os dados obtidos foram agrupados a partir dos preceitos do método «análise do conteúdo». Resultados: Como resultado aparece que instituições escolares são as entidades de maior prevalência na iniciação esportiva de atletismo no Brasil, na sequência aparecem prefeituras, projetos sociais e associações. E os motivos pela busca da modalidade são variados, sendo a diversão o motivo que mais foi relatada. Conclusões: É possível perceber a importância das instituições escolares na iniciação esportiva, pois auxiliam na experimentação da modalidade de atletismo. Resumen. El entrenamiento deportivo es un proceso que depende de varios factores internos y externos al individuo. En este proceso, la forma en que se produce la iniciación deportiva es de gran relevancia, puesto que una planificación organizada permite una formación de mayor calidad. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar cómo se produce la iniciación deportiva en el atletismo según la perspectiva de atletas olímpicos brasileños. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa empleando la técnica de entrevistas semiestructuradas, y los datos obtenidos se agruparon a partir de los preceptos del método de «análisis de contenido». Resultados: Como resultado, parece que las instituciones escolares son las entidades que más prevalecen en la iniciación del atletismo en Brasil; seguido de ayuntamientos, proyectos sociales y asociaciones. Los motivos para la búsqueda de la práctica deportiva son variados, siendo la diversión la razón más reportadas. Conclusiones: Es posible percibir la importancia de las instituciones escolares en la iniciación del deporte, en base a la ayuda que ofrecen a la modalidad deportiva del atletismo.Palabras clave: carrera deportiva, entrenamiento deportivo, instituciones académicas, entrenamiento deportivo, rendimento atlético. Abstract. Sport training is a process that depends on various factors both internal and external to the individual. In this process, the way in which the sports initiation takes place is highly relevant, since an organised planning allows a higher quality training. The objective of this study is to investigate how sport initiation in athletics occurs according to the perspective of Brazilian Olympic athletes. Methodology: A qualitative research was carried out using the technique of semi-structured interviews, and the data obtained were grouped based on the precepts of the «content analysis» method. Results: As a result, it seems that school institutions are the most prevalent entities in the initiation of athletics in Brazil; followed by city halls, social projects and associations. The reasons for the pursuit of sports practice are varied, with fun being the most reported reason. Conclusions: It is possible to perceive the importance of school institutions in the initiation of sport, based on the help they offer to the sport modality of athletics.

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Hejazi ◽  
Meimanat Hosseini ◽  
Abbas Ebadi ◽  
Hamid AlaviMajd
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Abstract Background Living with End Stage Kidney Disease and hemodialysis place too much burden on patients and their caregivers. The concept of caregiver burden describes a set of diverse caregiver experiences in providing care and requires a complex and multifaceted definition. Limited studies have looked at caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis and the concept of caregiver burden from their perspective. This study aims to develop the concept of caregiver burden among family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis.Method This study was conducted using directed qualitative content analysis method. Twenty one family caregivers, patients, dialysis nurses, physicians, and social workers in teaching hospitals of Tehran and the Iranian Kidney Foundation, Tehran, Iran were enrolled using maximum variation purposive sampling method. Sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In order to analyze the data, the directed qualitative content analysis method was conducted based on the method proposed by Elo and Kyngas which was modified by Assaroudi et al.Results A total of 1162 codes, 63 subcategories, 18 generic categories, and 5 main categories were extracted. The concept of caregiver burden in family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis and its dimensions based on the dimensions of the Structural Model of Caregiver Burden Model were approved and another dimension titled a time-dependent burden added to it. Conclusions The caregiver burden experienced by caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis has physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, financial, social, and time-dependent dimensions.

scholarly journals Psychological Challenges of Transition to Parenthood in First-time Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Somayeh Seyed Karimi ◽  
◽  
Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee ◽  
Mohammad Reza Falsafinejad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
First Time

Objective: The birth of the first child and the couple’s transition to parenthood can significantly change individuals’ marital life. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify psychological challenges to transition to parenthood in first-time parents. Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach based on the content analysis method. The research population included all first-time parents who were referred to the Amjadieh Khaghani Community Counseling Center in District 7 of Tehran City, Iran, from May to August 2020. Besides, the studied couples had a child aged <4 years old. The study participants were 17 couples (n=34 subjects) who were selected using the purposive sampling technique and based on the theoretical saturation criterion. The required data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with the research participants. The interviews were recorded, then transcribed verbatim. eventually, after the extraction, the obtained data were coded and categorized using a content analysis method in MAXQDA. Results: Analyzing the obtained data revealed that the transition to parenthood can typically be considered either a positive or negative experience. The most serious challenges faced by couples in the transition to parenthood included ambiguity and changes in the spousal role; duality and conflict in the motherhood role; feeling restricted and prevented from pursuing personal goals; psychological and emotional support from the family and husband; parenting disagreements; changes in sexual relations; fear of the failure to financially support the child; dissatisfaction with the appearance and weight change, and differences in parenting practices. The core theme was the transition to parenthood; from couples to parents. Conclusion: Transition to parenthood seems to be a vital change in the lives of couples; thus, some measures are required to prepare couples for such a transition. The insights from this study can help family counselors, midwives, and family nurses to develop and hold training and preparation programs for couples; such services should be provided to the couples before experiencing parenthood. This could prepare parents for the challenges of their new life.

scholarly journals Identifying Barriers to Self-advocacy in Women With Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-393
Author(s):  
Sara Bachari ◽  
◽  
Ghazaleh Mandani ◽  
Roya Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Shadab Shahali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Objective: Chronic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often occurs in middle-aged people, who are supposed to take their most important roles in the family and community and thus affect their self-advocacy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to self-advocacy in women with MS. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis method. The participants were 10 female members of the MS Association of Khuzestan Province of Iran aged 30-40 years with different educational levels, marital status, and occupations. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation from June to November 2019. The content analysis was performed using Lundman and Graneheim’s qualitative content analysis method with an inductive approach conducted continuously and simultaneously with data collection. To evaluate the validity and reliability of qualitative data, we used Lincoln and Guba criteria (credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability). Results: The data analysis revealed 900 codes, 21 subcategories, and 6 themes of family barriers, medical barriers, job-related barriers, environmental barriers, sociocultural barriers, and psychological barriers. Conclusion: Women with MS face a variety of barriers to self-advocacy; most of them are related to family, environment, and society, in addition to personal barriers. Social support and the availability of sufficient and appropriate information about MS can play an important role in confronting these women with mentioned barriers and realizing their self-advocacy.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Families of Comatose Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study

2121 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Karimollahi ◽  
◽  
Zahra Tazakori ◽  
Roghiyeh Falahtabar ◽  
Mehdi Ajri-Khameslou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Saturation

Background: There are specific challenges regarding the perceptions of families of comatose patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Identifying these perceptions may attract the cooperation of families with nurses and provide better care for patients. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of families of comatose patients in ICUs. Methods: This was a qualitative content-analysis study. Seventeen families with comatose patients were recruited by the purposive sampling technique. The necessary data were generated by semi-structured interviews, continued until data saturation, and concurrently analyzed by an inductive content analysis method. Results: Four main categories were manifested, including shock and disbelief, the effort for adaptation, exhaustion, and burnout, as well as hope and support. Conclusion: The obtained results signified the importance of nurses’ awareness concerning the family members’ perceptions of their comatose patient status in ICUs. The relevant findings reflected the need for nurses to pay attention to the feelings and emotions of the families of these patients.

scholarly journals PROSPECTIVE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ COGNITIVE COMPETENCIES ON REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Rezan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Realistic Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Formal Knowledge ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
Realistic Mathematics ◽  
Prospective Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Cognitive Competency

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is based on the idea that mathematics is a human activity; and its main principle is to ensure the transition from informal knowledge to formal knowledge through contextual problems. This study aims at revealing how RME is configured in the minds of prospective mathematics teachers and their cognitive competency in that sense. For that purpose, at the end of the process, in which the approaches used in mathematical education including RME are examined and interpreted, 32 prospective teachers were asked various open-ended questions. Moreover, they were expected to pose contextual problems that could be used in RME. After analysing the obtained data via qualitative research techniques, it is seen that the majority of the prospective teachers possesses theoretical knowledge on RME. However, it is also observed that their ability to present its differences and similarities with other approaches and to pose contextual problems suitable to RME has been decreased.

scholarly journals Challenges and barriers of Humanitarian Aid Management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake: A Qualitative Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Safarpour ◽  
Saeideh Fooladlou ◽  
Meysam Safi-Keykaleh ◽  
Somayyeh Mousavipour ◽  
Davoud Pirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Abstract Background Examining various problems after disasters is important for the affected people. Managing humanitarian aid and donations among the affected people is considered as one of the most important problems after disasters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. Methods In the present study conducted from November 2017 to January 2018, conventional qualitative content analysis method was used. The population included 21 people including 6 humanitarian aid manager, 6 volunteers, 4 aid workers, and 5 affected people. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling, which continued until saturating the data. The strategies recommended by Guba were used for evaluating the trustworthiness of the data. The data was analyzed according to method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results Based on the results, two themes, nine categories, and 19 sub-categories were identified considering the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid and donors’ management during the 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. The categories included education, command and coordination, communication and information, rules, security, traffic and overcrowding, assessment, providing system, and cultural setting. Also, two themes including managerial and structural barriers were extracted. Conclusion Adopting an effective management and appropriate policies with respect to humanitarian aid and modifying structural and managerial barriers can improve the performance and management of humanitarian aid.

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