scholarly journals Cultural Value Dimensions and Ethnicity within Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Ketter ◽  
Michael C. Arfsten
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Post Hoc

<p>The study compared the cultural values along the seven World Values Survey dimensions. Subjects were 811 males, age 18 to 35, proportionately representing the 11 largest ethnic groups in Kenya. The study extended research in cultural differences between ethnic identities within a country, supplemental to cultural differences between countries. Significant differences are found between the Kenyan ethnic groups on the dimensions of masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence vs. restraint, and long-term orientation. Post-hoc analyses differentiated between individual ethnic groups on the cultural dimensions. Implications for management are presented to acknowledge ethnic differences in world orientation based on cultural dimension differences of ethnicities within Kenya.</p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"> </span></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Tourist Behaviors: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita A. Manrai ◽  
◽  
Ajay K. Manrai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

This paper develops a conceptual framework for analyzing tourist behaviors and identifies three categories of behaviors based on the applications of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the processes underlying these influences. Our findings indicate that tourist behaviors in the Before-Travel, During-Travel, and After-Travel stages differ significantly in terms of the applicability and process through which Hofstede’s cultural dimensions operate. The results of our analysis suggest three categories of behavioral patterns, namely, “Social Interaction Driven Travel Behaviors,” (SID), “Risk Tendencies Driven Travel Behaviors,” (RTD), and “Collectivity Orientation Driven Travel Behaviors,” (COD). SID relates to the evaluation of travel experiences in the after-travel stage. The dominant cultural values associated with SID are Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, and Power Distance. These three values act either independently or in pairs or all three together. RTD relates to the consumption of travel products in the during-travel stage, and COD relates to the formation of travel preferences in the before-travel stage. Individualism/Collectivism and Uncertainty Avoidance are associated with both RTD and COD. However, the underlying processes differ for these two categories of travel behaviors. In addition to their independent influences on travel behaviors, these two values associated with RTD and COD also have an interactive effect. For RTD, the Uncertainty Avoidance motive determines the Individualism/Collectivism outcome, whereas, for COD, the opposite is true: the Individualism/Collectivism determines the Uncertainty Avoidance outcome. The paper also discusses the application of a fifth cultural dimension, Confucian Dynamism (short-term versus long-term orientation), for the study of tourists’ behaviors.

scholarly journals Ageism Linked to Culture, Not Demographics: Evidence From an 8-Billion-Word Corpus Across 20 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ng ◽  
Weizhong J Lim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Old People ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
World Development

Abstract Objectives Ageism has increased over 200 years and costs the U.S. health care system $63 billion a year. While scholars agree on the consequences of ageism, there are disagreements on whether it is related to the demographics of aging, or society’s cultural values. We test both hypotheses across 20 countries. Method To circumvent the sampling limitations of survey studies, we used an 8-billion-word corpus, identified 3 synonyms with the highest prevalence—aged, elderly, old people—and compiled the top 300 words (collocates) that were used most frequently with these synonyms for each of the 20 countries. The resulting 6,000 collocates were rated on an ageism scale by 2 raters to create an ageism score per country. Cultural dimension scores—Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-term Orientation—were taken from Hofstede, and demographics—size and speed of population aging—came from the World Development Indicators. Results Of the 20 countries, UK topped the ageism table, while Sri Lanka had the lowest ageism score. Multiple regression models showed that higher levels of masculinity and long-term orientation are associated with ageism, controlling for other cultural dimensions, demographics (size and speed of aging), and economics (GDP-per-capita). Discussion Our findings blunt the deterministic nature of ageism at the societal level. Demographics is only one side of the ageism coin, and the cultural side is equally, if not more important. This study lays the groundwork to tackle societal ageism—one of our generation’s most pernicious threats.

Culture and entrepreneurial intentions of Madagascan ethnic groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban ◽  
Fenosoa A Ratsimanetrimanana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Perceived Desirability

Purpose – This paper aims to delve deeper into understanding to what extent does culture influence entrepreneurship by connecting the causal chain from cultural values to perceived desirability to entrepreneurial intention (EI). Cultural values form a central part of entrepreneurial discourse and have accordingly been the subject of several studies relating to EIs. Design/methodology/approach – The study takes place in an under-researched country, Madagascar, where instead of focussing on national culture a more nuanced approach is taken by studying several fine-grained groupings of culture at the ethnic level. Based on a survey, 2,220 responses are statistically analysed according to the three main ethnic groups in Madagascar. Findings – In terms of hypotheses testing, findings show that cultural dimensions influence the relationship between perceived desirability and EI only for the highlander ethnic group. Differences between the ethnic groups are also observed in terms of the indulgence-restraint cultural dimension. Practical implications – When encouraging entrepreneurship in Madagascar policymakers should take cognisance of the complexity of cultural factors among ethnic groups and the interrelationship between perceived desirability and intentions. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies to measure cultural values in Madagascar and include the indulgence-restraint cultural dimension. The study takes place in a multicultural, non-Western and predominantly necessity-based entrepreneurship context, where understanding the role that culture plays in shaping intentions can prove to be valuable.

CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Nadine Waehning ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Stephan Dahl ◽  
Sinan Zeyneloglu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Western European

This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.

scholarly journals The effect of national cultural differences of board members on integrated reporting

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Alfiero ◽  
Massimo Cane ◽  
Ruggiero Doronzo ◽  
Alfredo Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This research, based on stakeholder theory and the national cultural dimensions, aims to test the influence of foreigners on board and its size on Integrated Reporting (IR) practices. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,058 European companies from 18 different countries, who adopted or not the IR for the year 2015, and it relies on a Logit. The dependent variable is a dummy (presenting or not the IR) and the independent variables are represented by the board characteristics (foreigners and size). The impact of the critical mass on the presence of foreigners and the cultural dimension on the basis of directors’ nationality was tested relying on the masculinity/femininity dimension of Hofstede. Besides, the directors’ country of origin was considered, namely if they belong to the major European countries presenting a wider IR diffusion. The relationship between foreigners on board and IR is found to be negative. This means that companies with at least one foreigner are less inclined to adopt IR. The results show that the boards with more of three foreign administrators have a major propensity to adopt the IR. The membership of the directors in countries with a feminist culture also has a positive effect.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEMISKINAN DI KOTA SEMARANG DARI DIMENSI KULTURAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyu Rejekiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Low Educated

This research is used to describe and identify the characteristics of poor people in Semarang. We select poor people from 4 villages in Semarang as sample, Bubakan, Krobokan, Genuksari, and Tandang village. In general, factors that cause poverty can be divided into 3 dimensions, natural, structural, and cultural factors. Poverty studies in this research will be analyzed by Cultural dimension approach. From the result we know that the characteristics of poor people in Semarang, are: most of the households’ leaders are low educated (elementary graduated), work as labors, and have some responsibilities to three persons. Besides, we know that there is no equal level on support distribution to poor people. Related to the analysis from cultural dimensions, we know that in Semarang, poor people have cultural value orientations and positive behaviors to see the real life, real work, real time, and the connections between nature and human.

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

Consumption Patterns and Cultural Values in Europe

2013 ◽  
pp. 211-257
Author(s):  
Agnes Neulinger ◽  
Tino Bech-Larsen ◽  
Jacob Rosendahl ◽  
Audur Hermannsdóttir ◽  
Regina Karveliene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Main Research

The chapter focuses on cultural differences in consumption across Europe and describes general attitudes towards consumption and brands, the significance of shopping, and how these are linked to the motives of consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. These topics have been analysed using the Hofstede dimensions, and the evaluation also considers regional differences within the European Union. The main objective of this research is to attempt to understand consumption patterns and national cultural dimensions, general consumption values, and what their connections are to alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinking patterns. The main research question is how cultural styles influence consumption styles within Europe. This analysis concluded that some European societies are more adaptable to cross-cultural influence than others in relation to beverage consumption. The authors’ findings suggest that the cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede supported the understanding of cultural differences related to purchasing, brands and beverage consumption both at national and individual levels. However, there is an overlap between some countries in their drinking behaviour, which supports the claim that existing cultural patterns cannot fully explain the new beverage trends, especially in alcohol consumption. This indicates the necessity of a shift toward new dimensions with regard to beverage consumption and/or eventually consumer behaviour.

Mitigating Ethno-Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-324
Author(s):  
Hasnain Falak ◽  
Tariq Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Information And Communication

Community engagement is necessary for the success and sustainability of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) projects. To ensure active participation of community, researchers need to understand and adhere to the local cultural norms and adapt in the lifestyle of people. These cultural norms are mainly unwritten and implicit in nature. Hence the researchers spend maximum time of their field visits in observing and developing understanding of the community's life. In our long-term partnership with the indigenous Penan community of Long Lamai in Malaysian Borneo, we co-developed written guidelines for researchers and visitors. The researchers demonstrated their interest in aligning research process to the community's cultural values, however norm internalisation and development of associated behaviour is still a challenging. The written guidelines are yet only one of the attempts to the practices of community researchers' engagement and we are refining our methodology to enhance the researchers' learning process.

Cultural localisation as a strategy to preserve the persuasive function in the translation of tourism websites from French into English

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Sally Elizabeth Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Global Marketing ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Tourism Websites

Abstract Tourist promotional texts function like advertising texts in that they aim to “persuade, lure, woo, and seduce” (Dann 1996). In the context of global marketing, tourists can be considered consumers who seek to escape from ordinary life carrying their culturally embedded mindsets with them. Although cultural differences have been widely discussed in the literature on tourism translation, few studies have focused on the deeper level ‘out-of-awareness’ culture through which tourists travelling abroad interpret what they see. This paper investigates cultural localisation as a strategy to adapt the source text of a French wine tourism website to the hidden cultural values of British tourists in order to preserve the persuasive function of the target text. Using Hall’s anthropological iceberg model and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as the framework, a small sample of French source texts and their English translations are compared to demonstrate the link between the stylistic features of tourism language and the psychological motivations of tourists, highlighting the interplay between all levels of the cultural iceberg. The findings suggest that culturally localised tourism websites are more likely to succeed as instruments of persuasion, with ego-targeting discussed as an effective strategy when adapting the text to appeal to the British market.

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