scholarly journals Pre-Implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Lee Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
School Garden ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
It Application

Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculture reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers’ focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers’ perceptions of the urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden. Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularly for females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments, should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.

Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
School Garden ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
It Application

Abstract Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculturereduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers' focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers' perceptions ofthe urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden.Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularlyfor females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments,should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.

scholarly journals POLICY OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN BANGKA BELITUNG: A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1460-1470
Author(s):  
Kismartini ◽  
Ali Roziqin ◽  
Hartuti Purnaweni ◽  
Bulan Prabawani ◽  
Muhammad Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
National Council ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Economic Zones

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this article was to categorize and identify the role of stakeholders in the development of SEZs policy. Furthermore, the researchers set limits on the development of SEZs policy in Tanjung Gunung and Sungailiat. Methodology: This article used qualitative research with approach Participatory Action Research (PAR). The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and a literature study about the focus of research. The researchers also conducted focus group discussions with related agencies or institutions within the Bangka Belitung Province Government, Bangka Regency, and Central Bangka Regency. Main Findings: The results indicate that many stakeholders are involved in the SEZs policy from within both the central government and local governments. In addition, there are additional key stakeholders namely central government as represented by National Council . The primary stakeholders are local governments, and the secondary stakeholders are the mining entrepreneurs and the wider community. Application of this study: The importance of stakeholder analysis is to resolve any that arise in the development of SEZ policies in Bangka Belitung. Moreover, stakeholder analysis can help to limit the issues that can be solved in ways that are technically applicable and politically appropriate by prioritizing the common interests and greater good. Novelty/Originality: No specific research discussing the SEZ policy in Bangka Belitung, especially stakeholder analysis, has been conducted before. Stakeholder analysis identifies policy actors to realize the development of SEZs policy in Bangka Belitung which environmental friendly.

Problems and Practice of Management on Menstruation by Adolescents Girls of Basic Schools of Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Sudha Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Community Schools ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Sanitary Pads

Managing menstruation in a hygienic way is a challenge in most of the low and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Nepal, where normal and natural physiological process of menstruation is considered as girls’ problem which is viewed as sinful, unholy and matter of shame. This paper explores the current practice and existing difficulties that adolescents girls encounter hygienic management of menstruation (MHM) especially during school days. The study was conducted on five purposively selected community schools of Chitwan district. The study adopted Participatory Action Research (PAR) as an approach, that is encapsulated with mixed method research design. For qualitative information observation, focus group discussions (FGD) and field notes were used, whereas for quantitative data self-administrative questionnaires were used. Quantitative information was collected from 205 girls students who were present at schools on the day of data collection. The finding shows that majority of the girls (93.7%) who encounter hygienic management of menstruation were of 10-14 years old age, whereas nearly one third of them were (29%) from grade eight. Similarly, among the total 205 girls, only 79 girls have already started their menstruation; among those who have started menstruation majority (78%) had heard about menstruation form their mothers. Likewise, 35% girls used homemade cotton pads and 40.5% of them changed pad three times a day. During FGD, adolescents girls shared that lack of water and soap in toilets, stress and lack of concentration during menstruation are the major difficulties which they encounter during days of menstruation. They suggested the concerned authorities to manage pad bank, make soap and water available, and develop skills for proper disposing of used sanitary pads for MHM at schools. 

scholarly journals An asset-based participatory community analysis of natural hazards in Naphuno, Greater Tzaneen Municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allucia L. Shokane ◽  
Hanna Nel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Asset Based Community Development

Natural hazards disrupt the daily lives of people and communities. Consequently, social workers, like any other stakeholders, deal with community predicaments arising from the effects of natural hazards. The social relief distress (SRD) programme of government utilises needs-based, top-down government-driven interventions in communities affected by natural hazards, focused on what communities lack, as opposed to what communities have. This research study involved a community that experienced natural hazards, such as flooding, hail, lightning and windstorms, which destroyed property and livelihoods during the period 2014–2015. Eight experts and 12 affected community members participated in a qualitative participatory action research analysis study between 2016 and 2017. Guided by the asset-based community development (ABCD) approach, the affected community participated in a collaborative manner in the analysis of the consequences of natural hazards within the community. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions, and analysed thematically. The findings confirmed the traumatic effects of natural hazards, such as loss of property, crops and livestock, physical injuries and even death. The main finding established that natural hazards should be managed in a collaborative way between formal experts of natural hazards and community members through ABCD principles and methods in building resilient communities.

scholarly journals Urine Diversion Dry Toilet: A Narrative Review on Gaps and Problems and its Transformation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Shyam Krishna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Community People ◽  
Word Search ◽  
Micro Pollutants

This review paper highlights the gaps and problems on source separation of human excreta; implementing and adopting human urine as nutrients for agriculture. The objective of the paper is to appraise the historical context behind the promotion of Urine Diversion Dry Toilet/Eco-san toilet and its relevance in rural Nepalese context. Moreover, it highlights the experiences regarding agricultural perspectives and livelihood by applying human urine as a fertilizer. Furthermore, it helps to understand and analyze the major issues, gaps and problems in acceptance and use of human excreta in Nepalese context for scaling up of its application and its transformation through school education system. Database search based on ‘Free text term’ or key word search was the strategy used to map of all relevant articles from multiple databases; Medline (1987-2018), MeSH (2005-2018), CINAHL (1998-2018) and OvidMedline (1992-2019). For each the outputs were downloaded into RefWorks databases. Specifically, this paper focuses on urine diversion to demonstrate its potential to elegantly separate and collect as nutrients and desire to control pathogens and micro-pollutants help in sanitation. It is recommended that an urgent need to participate community people and school children to disseminate users’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour concerning the urine diversion toilets.

scholarly journals Pendampingan Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan di Indonesia: Lesson Learned dari KKN-PPM UGM di Kawasan Perbatasan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Djaka Marwasta
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
General Profile

The State of Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic Country which has 17,508 islands (large and small), and has a very long perimeter border adjacently to neighboring countries, either in the land and sea. One of Municipality which is directly adjacent to the mainland of other countries is Merauke at Papua province. As a border region, Merauke has several functions, namely legal functions, control functions, and fiscal functions. At that time, these three functions are not going well in Merauke, even face many obstacles andto be an isolated regions. Some problems occurred in Merauke, among others: (1) has abundant natural resources (wet tropical forests, mineral wealth of gold, and abundant water resources), but has poor public accessibility; (2) socio-economic conditions are still low, particularly in accessing the basic needs (education, health); (3) unstable security of peoples; and (4) development policy (local, regional, national) were not in favor of local communities. This article is a summary of the several previous activities has be done, i.e. action research and the implementation of the KKN PPM UGM programs. The method used in these activities are observation and field surveys, focus group discussions, and the implementation of the KKN. Based on the several activities as mention before, the results that have been carried out are the general profile of border region and the typology of border region problems. To overcome these problems, it may take a very serious political will from the central and local governments, due torealized Merauke not just a backyard of the Indoensian Country. 

scholarly journals MANAGING ZAKAT IN THE 4.0 ERA: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF SiMBA IN BAZNAS OF NORTH SULAWESI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fitry Latief
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Performance Accountability ◽  
Collection Methods

SiMBA is a system that was built and developed for the purposes to store data and information owned by Indonesia Zakat Board (BAZNAS) nationally. This study aims to determine the implementation of SiMBA in BAZNAS of North Sulawesi Province and uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach with data collection methods through interviews and observations. The informants consisted of 5 key informants, namely the SiMBA admin and 5 ordinary informants. Data analysis begins with the process of editing, classification, verification, analysis, and formulating conclusions. The results showed that SiMBA has been implemented by BAZNAS of North Sulawesi Province since 2018 which aims to support service performance, accountability in the management of zakat and increase the trust in Muzaki and zakat potential in each region. The application of SiMBA in North Sulawesi Province BAZNAS has been going well and is effective and efficient. SiMBA Admin is divided into two based on their duties, namely the executive admin of the collection field and the admin of the distribution department. Each admin has duties by his field and through this SiMBA the function of control and supervision is carried out very well name in the division of tasks that cannot be accessed by the admin or other parties other than by the executive admin in the field itself. SiMBA also facilitates the presentation of financial reports of all zakat management activities which are transparently and accountably provided to stakeholders and local governments as a form.==============================================================================================Mengelola Zakat di Era 4.0: Implementasi SiMBA pada BAZNAS Sulawesi Utara. SiMBA adalah sistem yang dibangun dan dikembangkan untuk keperluan menyimpan data dan informasi secara nasional yang dimiliki BAZNAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memastikan proses implementasi SiMBA di BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Informan terdiri dari 5 informan kunci, yaitu admin SiMBA dan 5 informan biasa. Analisis data dimulai dengan proses pengeditan, klasifikasi, verifikasi, analisis, dan merumuskan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SiMBA telah dilaksanakan oleh BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sejak 2018 yang bertujuan untuk mendukung kinerja layanan, akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan zakat dan meningkatkan kepercayaan pada Muzaki dan potensi zakat di setiap daerah. Aplikasi SiMBA pada BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara telah berjalan dengan secara efektif serta efisien. Admin SiMBA dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan tugas mereka, yaitu admin eksekutif bidang pengumpulan dan admin departemen distribusi. Setiap admin memiliki tugas di bidangnya dan melalui SiMBA ini fungsi kontrol dan pengawasan dilakukan dengan sangat baik dalam pembagian tugas yang tidak dapat diakses oleh admin atau pihak lain selain oleh admin eksekutif di bidang itu sendiri. SiMBA juga memfasilitasi penyajian laporan keuangan semua kegiatan pengelolaan zakat yang diberikan secara transparan dan akuntabel kepada para pemangku kepentingan dan pemerintah daerah. 

scholarly journals Communicating the Risks and Benefits of Human Urine-Derived Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9973
Author(s):  
Alex Segrè Cohen ◽  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Joseph Árvai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Ensuring long-term access to nutrients needed for food production is a growing global challenge. Human urine diversion and recycling is a viable and energy-efficient means of recovering nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from wastewater. Before implementation, however, it is critical to understand how communicating differently about human urine-derived fertilizer may influence its public acceptance. This study tests how different strategies of communication (video compared to texts), as well as different amounts of information, impact public acceptance. We also explored how specific characteristics, such as age and education level, may impact the usefulness of the different strategies of communication. The results indicate that short and long videos are the most useful risk communication strategies, and age fully moderates this relationship. This research may serve as a jumping off point for future studies focused on how risk communication strategies may affect consumer acceptance of other emerging food technologies.

Barriers to contraception among HIV-positive women in a periurban district of Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Mbonye ◽  
K S Hansen ◽  
F Wamono ◽  
P Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Negative Perceptions

This study explored perceptions and care-seeking practices for HIV testing and contraception in order to obtain data for designing effective interventions to increase contraception among HIV-positive women. A triangulation of methods (household survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews) were conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda from January to April 2009. Results show that a majority of women, 2062/2896 (71.2%) would like to have an HIV test, while access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was low at 237/879 (27%). Of the women who were on ART, 133/266 (50.0%) could not use contraception due to negative perceptions that a combination of ART and contraceptives would weaken them, as these drugs were perceived to be ‘strong’. Fear of side-effects for contraceptives and resistance from spouses were other main reasons. Constraints to HIV testing included fear of clients knowing their own HIV status and fear of their spouses’ reactions to the test results. Private midwives were identified as a potential outlet for delivering contraception to HIV-positive women.

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