Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
School Garden ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
It Application

Abstract Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculturereduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers' focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers' perceptions ofthe urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden.Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularlyfor females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments,should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.

scholarly journals Pre-Implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Sheri Lee Bastien ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
School Garden ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
It Application

Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculture reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers’ focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers’ perceptions of the urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden. Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularly for females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments, should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.

scholarly journals Urine Diversion Dry Toilet: A Narrative Review on Gaps and Problems and its Transformation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Devkota ◽  
Manoj K. Pandey ◽  
Shyam Krishna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Community People ◽  
Word Search ◽  
Micro Pollutants

This review paper highlights the gaps and problems on source separation of human excreta; implementing and adopting human urine as nutrients for agriculture. The objective of the paper is to appraise the historical context behind the promotion of Urine Diversion Dry Toilet/Eco-san toilet and its relevance in rural Nepalese context. Moreover, it highlights the experiences regarding agricultural perspectives and livelihood by applying human urine as a fertilizer. Furthermore, it helps to understand and analyze the major issues, gaps and problems in acceptance and use of human excreta in Nepalese context for scaling up of its application and its transformation through school education system. Database search based on ‘Free text term’ or key word search was the strategy used to map of all relevant articles from multiple databases; Medline (1987-2018), MeSH (2005-2018), CINAHL (1998-2018) and OvidMedline (1992-2019). For each the outputs were downloaded into RefWorks databases. Specifically, this paper focuses on urine diversion to demonstrate its potential to elegantly separate and collect as nutrients and desire to control pathogens and micro-pollutants help in sanitation. It is recommended that an urgent need to participate community people and school children to disseminate users’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour concerning the urine diversion toilets.

scholarly journals MANAGING ZAKAT IN THE 4.0 ERA: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF SiMBA IN BAZNAS OF NORTH SULAWESI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fitry Latief
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Performance Accountability ◽  
Collection Methods

SiMBA is a system that was built and developed for the purposes to store data and information owned by Indonesia Zakat Board (BAZNAS) nationally. This study aims to determine the implementation of SiMBA in BAZNAS of North Sulawesi Province and uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach with data collection methods through interviews and observations. The informants consisted of 5 key informants, namely the SiMBA admin and 5 ordinary informants. Data analysis begins with the process of editing, classification, verification, analysis, and formulating conclusions. The results showed that SiMBA has been implemented by BAZNAS of North Sulawesi Province since 2018 which aims to support service performance, accountability in the management of zakat and increase the trust in Muzaki and zakat potential in each region. The application of SiMBA in North Sulawesi Province BAZNAS has been going well and is effective and efficient. SiMBA Admin is divided into two based on their duties, namely the executive admin of the collection field and the admin of the distribution department. Each admin has duties by his field and through this SiMBA the function of control and supervision is carried out very well name in the division of tasks that cannot be accessed by the admin or other parties other than by the executive admin in the field itself. SiMBA also facilitates the presentation of financial reports of all zakat management activities which are transparently and accountably provided to stakeholders and local governments as a form.==============================================================================================Mengelola Zakat di Era 4.0: Implementasi SiMBA pada BAZNAS Sulawesi Utara. SiMBA adalah sistem yang dibangun dan dikembangkan untuk keperluan menyimpan data dan informasi secara nasional yang dimiliki BAZNAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memastikan proses implementasi SiMBA di BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Informan terdiri dari 5 informan kunci, yaitu admin SiMBA dan 5 informan biasa. Analisis data dimulai dengan proses pengeditan, klasifikasi, verifikasi, analisis, dan merumuskan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SiMBA telah dilaksanakan oleh BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sejak 2018 yang bertujuan untuk mendukung kinerja layanan, akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan zakat dan meningkatkan kepercayaan pada Muzaki dan potensi zakat di setiap daerah. Aplikasi SiMBA pada BAZNAS Provinsi Sulawesi Utara telah berjalan dengan secara efektif serta efisien. Admin SiMBA dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan tugas mereka, yaitu admin eksekutif bidang pengumpulan dan admin departemen distribusi. Setiap admin memiliki tugas di bidangnya dan melalui SiMBA ini fungsi kontrol dan pengawasan dilakukan dengan sangat baik dalam pembagian tugas yang tidak dapat diakses oleh admin atau pihak lain selain oleh admin eksekutif di bidang itu sendiri. SiMBA juga memfasilitasi penyajian laporan keuangan semua kegiatan pengelolaan zakat yang diberikan secara transparan dan akuntabel kepada para pemangku kepentingan dan pemerintah daerah. 

Forestalling Preschool Expulsion: A Mixed-Method Exploration of the Potential Protective Role of Teachers’ Perceptions of Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 2189-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Zulauf ◽  
Katherine M. Zinsser
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
The Relationship

Preschoolers are being expelled at an alarming rate and little is known about protective factors. One factor may be the relationship between parents and teachers. Using surveys and interviews, the present study explores teachers’ perceptions of parents and center support as they relate to teachers’ requests to have a child removed from their classroom, an action related to expulsion. Teachers who have more negative perceptions of parents and perceive less center support working with parents were more likely to have requested a removal of a child in the past year. Qualitative comparisons yield differential themes around attribution of child behavior to parents and styles of engagement with parents between teachers who have requested a removal and those who have not.

scholarly journals Communicating the Risks and Benefits of Human Urine-Derived Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9973
Author(s):  
Alex Segrè Cohen ◽  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Joseph Árvai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Ensuring long-term access to nutrients needed for food production is a growing global challenge. Human urine diversion and recycling is a viable and energy-efficient means of recovering nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from wastewater. Before implementation, however, it is critical to understand how communicating differently about human urine-derived fertilizer may influence its public acceptance. This study tests how different strategies of communication (video compared to texts), as well as different amounts of information, impact public acceptance. We also explored how specific characteristics, such as age and education level, may impact the usefulness of the different strategies of communication. The results indicate that short and long videos are the most useful risk communication strategies, and age fully moderates this relationship. This research may serve as a jumping off point for future studies focused on how risk communication strategies may affect consumer acceptance of other emerging food technologies.

scholarly journals ‘I always live in a quebrada [favela] and today I am here. So, you can be also here one day’: Exploring pre-service teachers’ perceptions of love for youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Luguetti ◽  
Brent McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Project Participants ◽  
Democratic Spaces

In recent years, socially critical scholars have argued that love, as a moral basis for socio-critical work, should not be colorblind or power blind and that marginalized populations may understand caring within their sociocultural context, creating spaces for youth and teachers to challenge the racism, sexism, class exploitation and linguicism imposed on their communities. While there is advocacy of love in education and physical education, there is little research that aims to explore how pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) conceptions change across time. The aim of this study was to explore PSTs’ changing perceptions of love as they worked in an activist sport project with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds. Participatory action research framed this four-semester research project. Participants included the lead researcher, four PSTs and 110 youth. Data collected included the following: (a) the lead researcher’s field notes; (b) collaborative PSTs’ group meetings; (c) PSTs’ generated artifacts; and (d) PSTs’ focus groups and interviews. Data analysis involved induction and constant comparison. The PSTs understood that love was represented by the following: (a) creating democratic spaces for students to care for each other and their community; (b) trusting and understanding the students, and dreaming possible futures with them; (c) being the best teacher in order to facilitate students’ learning; and (d) making sure all students are included. We concluded that the PSTs’ embodied experiences of oppression and the reflexive experience lived in the activist approach created a space for the PSTs to see themselves in the youth, reconnect with their own identity and develop empathy and love for the diverse youth.

scholarly journals Human urine as a source of nutrients for maize and its impacts on soil quality at Arba Minch, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinfe Kassa ◽  
Yesuf Ali ◽  
Wubishet Zewdie
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
And Control

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted at Arba Minch, Ethiopia to study the effects of urine on soil properties and yield of maize in natural settings. The pot treatments consisted of 500, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ml of neat human urine collected from a UDDT (Urine Diversion Dry Toilet) added at different portions and control. The results showed that the response of the maize for most of the variables was very well expressed or significantly different at the application rate of 500 ml of urine; however, there was no significant difference between the 500 ml and the rest of the application. A significant increase in height, diameter, and length of leaf of maize was found in the urine treated soils. An improvement in soil phosphate chemical properties was noticed with increasing addition of urine; however, there was no significant increase in the ammonium nitrogen content and pH. The salinity of treated soil significantly increased at the bottom of the pot when compared with the control. In order to limit the increase in salinity of the soil and to get optimum maize growth in natural conditions, 500 ml urine addition per maize is recommended. The findings encourage the use of urine as fertilizer and a possible sink for UDDT waste.

scholarly journals Key Factors to Facilitate Locally Driven Family Planning Programming: A Qualitative Analysis of Urban Stakeholder Perspectives in Africa and Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mwaikambo ◽  
Sarah Brittingham ◽  
Saori Ohkubo ◽  
Ruwaida Salem ◽  
Denis Joel Sama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Country Ownership ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Most Significant Change

Abstract BackgroundThere has been greater recognition of the importance of country ownership in global health and development. However, operationalising country ownership to ensure the scale up and sustainability of proven interventions remains elusive at best. To address this challenge, we undertook a thematic analysis of interviews collected from representatives of local governments, public health systems, and communities in poor urban areas of East Africa, Francophone West Africa, India, and Nigeria, supported by The Challenge Initiative, aiming to rapidly and sustainably scale up evidence-based reproductive health and family planning solutions. MethodsThe main objective of this study was to explore critical elements needed for implementing and scaling evidence-based family planning interventions. The research team conducted interviews and collected 96 stories using the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique between July 2018 and September 2019, and coded and analyzed the stories. Most frequently used codes were identified and grouped into emerging themes.ResultsFive key themes emerged: (1) strengthening local capacity and improving broader health systems, (2) shifting mindsets of government and community toward local ownership, (3) institutionalizing the interventions within existing government structures, (4) improving data demand and use for better planning of health services, and (5) enhancing coordination of partners. Conclusion While some themes feature more prominently in a particular region than others, taken together they represent what stakeholders perceive to be essential elements for scaling up locally-driven health programmes in urban areas in Africa and Asia.

Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in human urine

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Vinnerås ◽  
Göran Bölske ◽  
Helene Wahlström ◽  
Ann Albihn
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Health Organization

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease that mainly causes respiratory infection. However, it can also infect other organs such as the kidneys and bladder, which can lead to high counts of the organisms in the urine. Introducing urine diversion systems and reuse of the urine in agriculture may introduce new transmission routes for infection, increasing the risk of spread. This study evaluated the inactivation rate of mycobacteria in human urine for ensuring safe reuse in agriculture and examined whether current World Health Organization recommendations on storage time are sufficient for inactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, a decimal reduction in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in human urine containing 7 and 3 g NH3-N L−1, respectively, was obtained in just over 10 days at 4°C and below three days at 22°C. This is considerably faster than previously reported reduction rates of mycobacteria in animal slurry at similar temperatures. Based on the present results, a storage time of five weeks at temperatures below 20°C or of two weeks at temperatures above 20°C is sufficient to prevent transmission of mycobacteria when recycling human urine. These values lie within the WHO recommended storage period.

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