scholarly journals Matching Local and Global Dimensions: A Knowledge Based Approach to Classify European Life Sciences Clusters

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Adele Parmentola
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

It is now widely accepted that innovation is a territorially embedded process, which cannot be fully understood independent of the social and institutional conditions of individual places. On the basis of these considerations, some authors identified criteria to define the geographic confines for the innovative process, introducing the concept of the local systems of innovation (LIS), defined as networks of technologically specialized and locally situated firms, institutions and research agencies. Nevertheless empirical evidences show that especially in high tech industry like life sciences, relatively few clusters are completely self-sufficient in terms of the knowledge base from which they draw suggesting that the knowledge flows that feed innovation in a cluster are often both local and global.According to these considerations and starting from the knowledge based theory of innovations systems the paper proposes a theoretical framework that classifies the innovation systems considering the place of knowledge sourcing and the place of knowledge development. The framework has then been used to classify the European life sciences clusters. The empirical analysis shows that Local Innovation System is only a possible configuration of technology clusters that can be assumes also the configurations of Imported Innovation Systems, Exported Innovation Systems and Global Innovation Systems.

scholarly journals MEGATRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INNOVATION NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Global Innovation

Under the megatrend, we mean large-scale technological, economic, social, political changes that occur slowly, but in the long run, when they are rooted, they substantially and permanently affect most of the processes in society. Such relative stability in the trajectory of the main forces of change can predict some elements of medium and long-term future changes. The article investigates such megatrends of the development of global innovation networks as the structural nature of the global innovation system, the development of systemic interconnections in the field of innovation, the interaction of national innovation systems and global, the internationalization of innovation activity, and the paradigm of "open innovation". The methodological principles and structural elements of the concept of the national innovation system are determined in the paper, the connection of national innovation systems with the phenomenon of internationalization of the innovation sphere is explored. The theoretical principles of the phenomenon of internationalization of innovation activity are investigated, as well as the preconditions for the emergence of the concept of "open innovation" and its current trends have been established. The concept of open innovation is an important precondition for the emergence and functioning of global innovation networks. The paper analyzes the genesis and specificity of the phenomenon of global innovation networks, outlines their structure and dynamics. It has been determined that global innovation networks play an important role in the development of the modern world economy, as they stimulate international cooperation in the innovation sphere, transfer of knowledge to the world economy and general scientific and technological development and growth of world production.

Israel

2010 ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Edna Pasher ◽  
Sigal Shachar
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Critical Success

This chapter focuses on knowledge based development in regions, based on Israel’s experience. Israel, a small country in the Middle East, is a very unique case of a knowledge based region. The authors have extensively studied Israel as an innovative region in different contexts. Since 1998 they published three Israel Intellectual Capital Reports for the Israeli Government. During 2007 the authors led a study for the European Commission focused on regional innovation systems. This study has aimed to measure the effectiveness of participation in ICT (Information Communication Technology) EU projects on the EU innovation system at the regional level. Israel was selected as a regional best practice though it is a nation state and not a region since it is as small as a region, and since the authors had good relevant data from the previous IC reports and since Israel is consistently recognized as one of the most innovative countries in the world. The authors discovered that an Intellectual Capital audit is a powerful and useful framework to understand the effectiveness of regional innovation systems, offering the possibility for evidence-based future policies rather than retrospective performance analyses. This chapter demonstrates the case of Israel as a knowledge-based region, as well as critical success factors for regional innovation systems.

An analysis of Japan’s connectivity to the global innovation system

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahreum Lee ◽  
Ram Mudambi ◽  
Marcelo Cano-Kollmann
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Short Product

Purpose In the modern knowledge-intensive economy, a nation’s competitiveness depends on the ability of its constituent firms to innovate. Extant research in national systems of innovation highlights institutions and public policies toward innovation as key determinants that affect firms’ innovation activities. This paper aims to widen the investigation by arguing that co-inventor connectivity allows firms to access the most tacit knowledge within global innovation systems. Therefore, it is one of the key factors that underpin a nation’s ability to develop and sustain its competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Using a data set of 406,168 patents from US Patent and Trademark Office during the period of 1975-2004, this study analyzed the Japanese system of innovation through co-inventor networks. Findings Surprisingly, the authors found that compared to other advanced countries such as Germany and Denmark, the Japanese innovation system is quite closed. Originality/value The dimension of tacit knowledge is crucial in the current environment of rapid cycle time, short product lifespans and increasing emphasis on exploratory innovation. Hence the authors speculate that closedness to global innovation systems could be one of the reasons why many of Japan’s traditionally powerful multinational enterprises exhibit weak performance in recent years.

scholarly journals Building a Better National Innovation System through Effective Knowledge Sharing: A Case of Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Obrenovic ◽  
Shuhrat Jalilov
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Leadership Support ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
The Government

In this article we discuss how knowledge sharing that takes place between scientists working on complex Science and Technology projects is related to the knowledge sharing that takes place among actors of the innovation system. Governments’ role in constructing and managing National Innovation Systems and the role of effective knowledge sharing on S&T projects are emphasized. Leadership, support and clear vision by the government are essential for framework establishment and policy design facilitating effective interaction among research institutes, universities and firms which would enables knowledge sharing both on macro level, between innovation system actors , and on micro level, between scientists working on projects. Generating relevant knowledge flows, would help countries like Croatia, which are lagging behind in the innovation race, to establish knowledge based economies, consequently resulting in higher competitiveness and market success. Only through effective knowledge sharing both on micro and macro level can the optimal result be reached.

Efficiency-effectiveness assessment of national innovation systems: comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asieh Bakhtiar ◽  
Seyed Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Vahid Mafi
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the performance of innovation systems by considering two indicators of efficiency and effectiveness. The scope of the evaluation is globally and due to the situation of each country, the suggested strategies are proposed to maintain the status quo or move toward the desired situation for countries. Design/methodology/approach The approach is to compare and benchmark the countries in terms of the efficiency and effectiveness of their innovation system. The Global Innovation Index report’s input-to-output ratio and the global competitiveness report are used for the assessment. Findings The findings indicate that countries such as China, Switzerland and the USA have an efficient and effective innovation system. However, the innovation systems in countries such as Brazil and Zimbabwe are not only inefficient but also ineffective. The findings also indicate that the innovation systems of countries such as Iran, Armenia and Egypt are efficient but ineffective. Finally, the authors can name Australia, Qatar and Russia as countries with effective but inefficient innovation systems. Originality/value Assessment of national innovation system using efficiency and effectiveness performances is done for the first time at the global stage.

scholarly journals Alliance Network Diversity and Innovation Ambidexterity: The Differential Roles of Industrial Diversity, Geographical Diversity, and Functional Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiyang Zhang ◽  
Chaoying Tang ◽  
Yong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Organizational Learning Theory ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Network Diversity ◽  
Alliance Network ◽  
Industrial Diversity ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Innovation

Innovation ambidexterity, namely, performing exploitative and exploratory innovation simultaneously, is important for high-tech firms to achieve sustainable success. This can be achieved by building an egocentric alliance network. Research into the influence of alliance network diversity on innovation ambidexterity is seeing more attention. However, the differences among multiple alliance network diversities are unclear. Grounded on a knowledge-based view, organizational learning theory, and transaction cost theory, this study investigates in-depth the roles of geographical diversity, industrial diversity, and functional diversity of the alliance network. The empirical analysis based on panel data, including alliance data from the SDC Joint & Venture database and patent data from the Derwent Innovation Index database of 106 top high-tech firms from electronic information and biopharmaceutical industries, suggests that industrial diversity enhances firm innovation ambidexterity, geographical diversity impedes firm innovation ambidexterity, and functional diversity shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm innovation ambidexterity. These results provide practical suggestions about alliance network diversity configuration and innovation ambidexterity construction for high-tech firms.

scholarly journals Struggles over legitimacy in the Eurozone crisis: Discursive legitimation strategies and their ideological underpinnings

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Vaara
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis ◽  
Financial Capitalism ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article focuses on the discursive underpinnings of the legitimacy crisis that the Eurozone as a transnational institution is facing. By adopting a critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective, the empirical analysis focuses on the media discussion in Finland. The analysis shows how discourses of financial capitalism, humanism, nationalism and Europeanism played a central role in legitimation, delegitimation and relegitimation. Furthermore, the analysis elaborates on the legitimation strategies that were often used in the media texts: position-based authorizations involving institutionalized authorities and ‘voices of the common man’, knowledge-based authorizations focusing on economic expertise, rationalizations concentrating on economic arguments, moral evaluations based on unfairness used especially for delegitimation, mythopoiesis involving alternative future scenarios and cosmology used to construct inevitability. By so doing, this study adds to our understanding of the discursive and ideological underpinnings of the social, political and financial crisis in Greece and other European countries and contributes to research on discursive legitimation more generally.

scholarly journals Narodowy system innowacyjności jako filar gospodarki opartej na wiedzy

2012 ◽  
pp. 27-56
Author(s):  
Anna Zorska
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Government Innovation

Growth of the knowledge-based economy has been influenced by economic and technological processes in the contemporary world, particularly globalization and information revolution. Research and development activities, knowledge, new technologies and innovations have assumed a crucial significance at all levels of economic activity and for that reason are supported by government policies. According to a World Bank concept growth of the knowledge-based economy can be stimulated by four groups of determinants – or so-called pillars – including: economic and institutional system of a given country, education and training, information infrastructure and national innovation system. Activity of the innovation system promotes creation and diffusion of new knowledge and its application as innovations by national enterprises in co-operation with universities, research centers and public institutions. The activities of all entities can be stimulated by government innovation policies. The problems of national innovativeness are discussed from theoretical and empirical viewpoints, focusing on experience of Finland which is one of the leading countries in world’s rankings of knowledge economy and national innovation systems. The final conclusion underlines the fact that cross-border linkages of innovation systems within enterprises and countries can generate some threats to a national economy during global economic crisis. 

A System Approach to Harmonization of the Country Model of Innovative Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Rybachuk
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Parameters

One of the most common models of national innovation systems as of today is the triple helix model. Four- and five-tier constructions also exist and present an option for adapting the triple helix model to the economic conditions of different countries. In this paper, we are based on the system economic theory and propose to consider the national innovation system (NIS) of Russia as a complex of four socio-economic macro-subsystems: science, government, education, and business. In this case, science acts as a system of the object type: the government – as the environment type, education – as the process type, and business – as the project type. The interaction order and role functions of these subsystems are determined. A quantitative evaluation of the quadruple helix subsystem parity was carried out; namely, the system balance indices of the NIS of Russia for 2015–2019 were calculated. The world countries’ data used to calculate the global innovation index according to the methodology of the WIPO constitute the statistical basis for the calculation. The place of the NIS of Russia among the national innovation systems of other countries for 2019, according to two parameters: the NIS subsystems balance and the effectiveness of NIS activities, was determined. For comparison, 16 countries, divided into four groups, were selected: innovative leaders, catching-up countries, lagging countries, and outsiders. It is established that Russia belongs to the countries of the second group. It is shown that to harmonize the NIS of Russia, to increase its efficiency and move Russia to the group of leaders, it is necessary to revise the economic policy and add to it, along with increasing the efficiency of innovative activity, another goal such as improving the balance of the quadruple helix subsystems.

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