scholarly journals Extraction-Spectrophotometric Determination of Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazeeza Sattar Omer ◽  
Rasul Jameel Ali
Keyword(s):  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Lidocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Eriochrome Black T ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Common ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Simple, selective and highly detectable spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of Lidocaine hydrochloride in standard and commercial solutions .The method is based on the formation of a soluble colored Lidocaine hydrochloride-eriochrome black T ion-pair complex at pH 1.80. The colored complex was extracted quantitatively into chloroform and measured at 508 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.10-10 mg L -1 with molar absorptivity of 2.3623 x104 L mol-1 cm-1.The limits of detection and quantification were 0.024 mg L -1, and 0.100 mg L -1 respectively. Using Job’s continuous variations method, the stoichiometry of the ion-pair complex was found to be 1:1. Intra-day accuracy and precision of the method were estimated with a relative error (0.57%), and the relative standard deviation (0.25-1.23). This developed method has been successfully employed to determine concentration of Lidocaine hydrochloride in injection and spray without interference by the common co-formulated substances.The numerical results obtained using both proposed and official methods were in concordance with each other.

Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Glibenclamide by Ion-Pair Complex in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RUAA MUAYAD MAHMOOD ◽  
HAMSA MUNAM YASSEN ◽  
SAMAR , NAJWA ISSAC ABDULLA AHMED DARWEESH ◽  
NAJWA ISSAC ABDULLA
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Method Of Continuous Variation ◽  
Job's Method

Simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of glibenclamide (Glb) based on the formation of ion-pair complex between the Glb and anionic dye, methyl orange (MO) at pH 4. The yellow colored complex formed was quantitatively extracted into dichloromethane and measured at 426 nm. The colored product obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of (0.5-40) μg.ml-1. The value of molar absorptivity obtained from Beer’s data was found to be 31122 L.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity value was calculated to be 0.0159 μg.cm-2, while the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.1086 and 0.3292 μg.ml-1, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex created between the Glb and MO was 1:1 as determined via Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Levels of Biogenic Amines in Canned Fish Products Marketed in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Weremfo ◽  
Meinster Kodjo Eduafo ◽  
Hakim Agyei Gyimah ◽  
Samuel Abassah-Oppong
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Excellent Selectivity ◽  
Detection And Quantification

An ion-pair HPLC method with postcolumn o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatization and fluorescence detection was validated for quantitative determination of five biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, putrescine, and agmatine) in canned fish products (mackerel, sardine, and tuna) marketed in Ghana. The validated method exhibited excellent selectivity and good linearity (R2 > 0.9990) for all the amines. The limits of detection and quantification for studied biogenic amines were in the range of 0.32–0.78 mg·kg−1 and 1.10–2.57 mg·kg−1, respectively. Also, a satisfactory recovery was obtained for all the amines (82.1–101.4%), and the relative standard deviations were lower than 9.3% under repeatability conditions for the studied amines. Subsequently, the method was applied to the analysis of biogenic amines in canned fish products to estimate the safety of Ghanaian consumers. The maximum levels of histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, putrescine, and agmatine detected in the analysed canned fish products were 64.05 mg·kg−1, 27.44 mg·kg−1, 27.23 mg·kg−1, 18.74 mg·kg−1, and 52.72 mg·kg−1, respectively. Thus, the levels of biogenic amines detected in the canned fish products were lower than the acceptable levels and, therefore, can be considered relatively safe for human consumption.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Using Sudan II, IV and Black B

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
A. Amin ◽  
H. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Nortriptyline Hydrochloride

A simple spectrophotometric methods has been developed for the determination of nortriptyline hydrochloride in pure and in pharmaceutical formulations based on the formation of ion-pair complexes with sudun II (SII), sudan (IV) (SIV) and sudan black B (SBB). The selectivity of the method was improved through extraction with chloroform. The optimum conditions for complete extracted colour development were assessed. The absorbance measurements were made at 534, 596 and 649 nm for SII, SIV and SBB complexes, respectively. The calibration graph was linear in the ranges 0.5- 280. 0.5- 37.5 and 0.5 – 31.0 μg ml−1 of the drug usiny the same reagents, respectively. The precision of the procedure was checked by calculating the relative standard deviation of ten replicate determinations on 15 μg ml−1 of nortriptyline HCI and was found to be 1.7, 1.3 and 1.55% using SII, SIV, and SBB complexes, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity for each ion-pair were calculated. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the deterniination of pure nortriptyline HCI and in pharmaceutical formulations, and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise and reproducible as the official method.

Hydroxyamidines as New Extracting Reagents for Spectrophotometric Determination of Cadmium with 4-(2-Pyridylazo)naphthol in Industrial Effluents, Coal, and Fly Ash

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Chakravarty ◽  
Manas Kanti Deb ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Binary Complex ◽  
Matrix Interference ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Common

Abstract A simple, sensitive, and selective extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of cadmium in trace quantities with N1-hydroxy-N1,N2- diphenylbenzamidine (HDPBA) and 4-(2-pyridylazo) naphthol (PAN) is described. The method is based on the extraction of cadmium with HDPBA into chloroform at pH 9.0 ± 0.2 and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination wiith PAN. The binary Cd(ll)-HDPBA complex extracted into chloroform has a molar absorptivity of 1.96 x 104L/ mol/cm at λmax 400 nm. The sensitivity of the yellow Cd(ll)-HDPBA complex was increased remarkably by the addition of PAN to the binary complex. With 6 different hydroxyamidines tested, the red-orange complex in chloroform exhibited maximum absorbance at 530-550 nm, with molar absorptivity values of 3.2-5.6 x 104L/mol/cm. The method adheres to Beer’s law up to 1.5 μg cadmium/mL organic phase. The detection limit of the method is 0.02 μg Cd/mL. Investigations of the effect of foreign ions revealed that the present method is free from matrix interference of most of the common ions (e.g., Fe(lll), Ni(ll), Cu(ll), Mn(ll), V(V), Co(ll), Al(lll), Cu(ll), Mg(ll), and Mo(VI)). The relative standard deviation for 10 repetitive analyses of the metal was 1.4%. The validity of the method was tested successfully with various environmental samples.

scholarly journals Utility of Charge Transfer and Ion-Pair Complexation for Spectrophotometric Determination of Eletriptan Hydrobromide in Pure and Dosage Forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Gouda ◽  
Ragaa El Sheikh ◽  
Rham M. El-Azzazy
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Relative Standard

Three simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of eletriptan hydrobromide (ELT) in pure and dosage forms. The first two methods are based on charge transfer complex formation between ELT and chromogenic reagents quinalizarin (Quinz) and alizarin red S (ARS) producing charge transfer complexes which showed an absorption maximum at 569 and 533 nm for Quinz and ARS, respectively. The third method is based on the formation of ion-pair complex between ELT with molybdenum(V)-thiocyanate inorganic complex in hydrochloric acid medium followed by extraction of the colored ion-pair with dichloromethane and measured at 470 nm. Different variables affecting the reactions were studied and optimized. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 2.0–18, 1.0–8.0, and 2.0–32 μg mL−1for Quinz, ARS, and Mo(V)-thiocyanate, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits are also calculated. The correlation coefficients were ≥0.9994 with a relative standard deviation (R.S.D%.) of ≤0.925. The proposed methods were successfully applied for simultaneous determination of ELT in tablets with good accuracy and precision and without interferences from common additives, and the validity is assessed by applying the standard addition technique, which is compared with those obtained using the reported method.

scholarly journals Extractive spectrophotometric determination of Quetiapine fumarate in pharmaceuticals and human urine using calmagite as an ion-pair reagent

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiahf ◽  
Basavaiah Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Quetiapine Fumarate ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Quetiapine fumarate (QTF) is an antipsychotic drug belonging to the benzisoxazole derivatives indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. A sensitive and selective method based on dichloromethane-extractable ion-pair of QTF with calmagite (CGT), which exhibited an absorption maximum at 490 nm, is described. At this wavelength, Beer?s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 3.0 - 30.0 ?g ml-1. The apparent molar absorptivity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) values are 1.32 ? 104 l mol-1 cm-1, 0.27 and 0.81 ?g ml-1 respectively. The reaction is extremely rapid at room temperature and the absorbance values remain unchanged upto 19 h. The precision results, expressed as intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values, are satisfactory (RSD ? 2.2%). The accuracy is satisfactory as well (RE ? 2.44%). The method was successfully applied to the determination of QTF in pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine with satisfactory results. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results with official method showed an excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in precision.

scholarly journals Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of doxycycline hyclate in pharmaceuticals using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavagada Ramesh ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad
Keyword(s):  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Doxycycline Hyclate ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Bulk Powder ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Significant Difference

Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of doxycycline hyclate in pharmaceuticals using Folin-Ciocalteu reagentA spectrophotometric method for the determination of doxycycline (DOX) is described. The method is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen due to reduction of tungstate and/or molybdate in Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent by DOX in alkaline medium. The colored species has an absorption maximum at 770 nm and the system obeys Beer's law over the concentration range 0.75-12.0 μg mL-1DOX. The apparent molar absorptivity is 2.78 × 104L mol-1cm-1. The limit of quantification and detection values are reported to be 0.20 and 0.08 μg mL-1, respectively. Over the linear range applicable, the accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated on intra-day and inter-day basis. The reported mean accuracy value was 101.0 ± 1.7 %, the relative error was ≤ 2.7 % and the relative standard deviation was ≤ 2.5 %. Application of the proposed method to bulk powder and commercial pharmaceutical tablets is also presented. No significant difference was obtained between the results of the proposed method and the official BP method. The procedure described in this paper is simple, rapid, accurate and precise.

A novel method for the determination of uranium and free acidity in nuclear fuel process samples by extraction spectrophotometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Raghbendra Thakur ◽  
Pranab K. Tarafder ◽  
Raj Ranjan Jha
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Anionic Complex ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Free Nitric Acid ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Yellowish Orange

Abstract A novel and useful extraction spectrophotometric method for the rapid determination of uranium and free acidity in nuclear fuel process samples using the reagent, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as an extractant as well as color forming agent is described. Uranium at milligram level forms a yellowish- orange anionic complex with the ligand, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene over a pH range, 10–12. This anionic complex is easily extracted into ethylacetate as an ion-pair complex with cetyltrimethylammonium cation (CTA+). The absorbance of the ion-pair complex in ethylacetate is measured at 390 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the system being 5.0×103 L·mol−1 cm−1 and 0.047 μg cm−2, respectively at 390 nm. This very reagent (2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene) also forms a yellowish-orange nitro product with free nitric acid (HNO3) in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. This nitro- product is easily extracted into the same solvent (ethylacetate) and absorbs maximum at 380 nm. The molar absorptivity (ε) and Sandell’s sensitivity of the system being 2.4×103 L·mol−1 cm−1 and 0.027 μg cm−2, respectively. By using the single chromophoric agent (2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene), both uranium and free acidity can be easily and reliably determined separately in the process solution. The relative standard deviations (RSD) are in the range, 0.5–2.0% and 1.5–2.0%, respectively for uranium and free nitric acid determinations. The method has been applied to nuclear fuel process solutions, and the results obtained have been found to be favorably comparable with those obtained from standard methods.

scholarly journals Development and application of spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of Metronidazole in pure and tablet formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Masood ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Ansari ◽  
Sharjeel Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Asad ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Nitrite Ion ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of metronidazole in pharmaceutical pure and dosage forms. The method depends on alkaline hydrolysis of metronidazole releases the nitro group as nitrite ion and yielded nitrite ions can be used to give a colored complex that absorbs maximally at 505 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 9-100 mg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.14 ×103 L mole-1 cm-1. The proposed method is precise, accurate and specific for the quantitative determination of drug in bulk and dosage forms. The results of analysis of commercial formulations and the recovery study of metronidazole suggested that there is no interference from any excipients, which are present in pharmaceutical formulations of metronidazole. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student’s t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level. There is no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Estimation of Nimodipine in Tablets and Injection Using Phloroglucinol

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hemavathi N. Deepakumari ◽  
Hosakere D. Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Bulk Drug

A rapid, simple, and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of nimodipine in bulk drug, tablets, and injection. The proposed method is based on the diazotization of reduced nimodipine with nitrous acid followed by coupling with phloroglucinol to form colored azo dye and showing absorption maximum () at 410 nm. The formed colored azo dye is stable for about more than 2 h. The method obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 0–25 μg/mL and the corresponding molar absorptivity value is  L/moL/cm. The Sandell sensitivity values limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values have also been reported for the developed method. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated on intra- and interday basis; the relative error (%RE) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were <2.0%. All variables have been optimized and the presented reaction sequence was applied to the analysis of nimodipine in bulk drug, tablets, and injections. The performance of this method was evaluated in terms of Student’s -test and variance ratio -test to find out the significance of proposed method over the reference method.

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