scholarly journals Polymer-Coated Urea in Broadcast or Furrow Application in the Corn-Palisadegrass Intercropping System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽  
José Laércio Favarin ◽  
Felipe Brendler Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Application Forms

Polymer coated urea (PCU) have the potential to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) by the release of N following crop demand while reducing losses by volatilization, leaching and denitrification. However, the NUE of PCU is still unclear especially in systems of corn-palisadegrass intercropping. Broadcast application of urea result in ammonia volatilization losses, new technologies must be adopted in order to allow broadcast application of urea. The aim of this research was to evaluate NUE from PCU in the corn-palisadegrass intercropping system and the viability of the broadcast application using PCU. Two field trials were carried out in a 4 × 2 factorial design including fertilization treatments and application forms. Fertilization treatments were: Conventional Urea topdressing (CUT); Conventional Urea at corn planting (CUP); PCU applied at planting to release in 30 days (PCU30); PCU mixture applied at planting to release in 30 and 60 days (PCU30+60); and application forms: broadcast placement and in furrow. 15N-urea was used for the determination of NUE. The corn yield and palisadegrass above-ground biomass were not affected by the fertilization treatments or application forms. PCU did not increase N uptake and the NUE by corn or palisadegrass in relation to urea. The N uptake from fertilizer by palisadegrass intercropped with corn is less than 1% of all N uptake on the intercropping system and at most 2% of the N fertilizer applied. The slow release urea does not enable the broadcast application and its efficiency depended upon the same climatic conditions as those of the conventional urea.

Management of fertilizer nitrogen for direct-sown, rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Panda ◽  
R. N. Samantaray ◽  
S. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

SummaryField experiments were conducted in wet seasons (June-December) for 4 years on a clay loam Haplaquept, to study the effects of different N management practices on yield, urea and ammonium-N in flood water and N nutrition of an clite rice cv. CR 1009, grown in rainfed lowlands. During the first 3 years of the experiment, fertilizer management practices like band placement of neem-cake-coated urea (NCU), broadcast application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) at sowing, or point placement of urea supergranules (USG) 3 weeks after germination at 40 kg N/ha gave grain yields of 3·1–3·4 t·ha, which were almost equal to that of split application of prilled urea (PU). In the 4th year of the experiment, besides NCU and USG, single dose applications of PU as band placement, incorporation in the soil at sowing or broadcast incorporation of soil-treated urea at early tillering was also found to have similar effect on grain yield and N uptake as split application of PU. The flood water of the treatment receiving broadcast application of PU at tillering contained some urea and ammonium N, which rapidly decreased to negligible amounts in 3·4 days.The results suggest that, depending upon the feasibility, any one of the single dose application methods at sowing time or 3 weeks after germination may be adopted in this system of rice culture, which avoids top-dressing of PU to surface flowing flood water of greater depths at later stages of crop growth.

Corn Yield Response to Managed Drainage and Polymer-Coated Urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Nash ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli ◽  
Stephen H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

scholarly journals Late Fall and Winter Nitrogen Fertilization of Turfgrass in Two Pacific Northwest Climates

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1745-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Miltner ◽  
Gwen K. Stahnke ◽  
William J. Johnston ◽  
Charles T. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Late fall N fertilization of cool-season turfgrass in northern climates is a common practice. Previous research has been focused in climates where freezing temperatures prevail. Research in more moderate northern climates where turf may not go through winter dormancy is scarce. Four fertilizer N sources and an untreated control were applied in four different months (November, December, January, or February) to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Puyallup, Wash., and to kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) In Pullman, Wash., to compare their effects in moderate (Puyallup) and freezing (Pullman) winter climates. In Pullman, only November applications of ammonium sulfate (AmS) or polymer coated sulfur coated urea (PCSCU) enhanced winter turfgrass quality. In Puyallup, November or December application of AmS, PCSCU, or polymer coated urea (PCU) resulted in enhanced winter quality. Polymer coated urea yielded a delayed initial response and a longer residual effect in the spring. Isobutylidenediurea (IBDU) did not improve winter turf quality in either Pullman or Puyallup. Although there was no quality response following January fertilizer application, there was suppression of red thread [Laetisaria fuciformis (McAlpine) Burds.] symptoms in Puyallup, indicating N uptake. Late fall fertilizer N in eastern Washington should be confined to November, using soluble or more quickly available slow-release nitrogen fertilizers. The application window can be extended to December in western Washington, and more slowly available coated ureas can be effectively used.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions with enhanced efficiency and conventional urea fertilizers in winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo An ◽  
Jen Owens ◽  
Brian Beres ◽  
Yuejin Li ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

AbstractOptimizing nitrogen fertilizer management can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This study tested if split applying enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) resulted in lower N2O emissions than applying equivalent rates of urea at planting. In semiarid southern Alberta, field trials were conducted during three years (planting to harvest) in rainfed winter wheat crops. Annual fertilizer rates ranged from 146 to 176 kg N ha−1. Fertilizer types were urea, and three EEFs (polymer-coated urea, urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors, and urea with a nitrification inhibitor). Each fertilizer type was applied three ways: 100% banded at planting, split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast in late fall, and split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast at Feekes growth stage 4 (GS4, post-tiller formation, wheat entering the greening up phase in the early spring). Nitrous oxide was measured using static chambers between sub-weekly and monthly from planting to harvest. Over three years, cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.16 to 1.32 kg N ha−1. This was equivalent to emissions factors between 0.009 and 0.688%. Cumulative N2O emissions and emissions factors did not differ between fertilizer types, but they were lower when fertilizer was split applied at GS4 compared to in late fall (P ≤ 0.10). Our study suggests that EEFs do not reduce N2O emissions from rainfed winter wheat crops, but a well-timed split application with a majority of fertilizer applied after winter can minimize N2O emissions.

scholarly journals Agronomic Assessment of a Controlled-Release Polymer-Coated Urea-Based Fertilizer in Maize

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gil-Ortiz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Naranjo ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Navarro ◽  
Marcos Caballero-Molada ◽  
Sergio Atares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact

Increasing nutrient use efficiency of fertilizers is one of the major challenges to improve crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. This work compared the efficacy of a new ecological polymer-coated urea fertilizer and a slow release urea-based traditional fertilizer. Reductions in the N doses of the polymer-coated fertilizer were tested. A comparative study was first carried out by measuring the different physiological and yield parameters at the micro-scale level, and later-on field experiments were performed. Grain yield in the field was significantly higher (20%) when applying the new controlled-release fertilizer than when using the traditional one at the same dose. A 20% reduction in N content in the new fertilizer gave similar physiological and yield responses compared to the traditional fertilizer. We conclude that this new fertilizer can be used in extensive cropping of maize, guaranteeing at least the same yields than traditional fertilizers, with a reduction on the impact on soil properties and nitrogen losses.

scholarly journals Urea Fertilizer Placement Impacts on Corn Growth and Nitrogen Utilization in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Johnson II ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
The Impact

<p>Practices to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) include selecting appropriate N fertilizer sources and application methods, but minimal research has focused on these practices in poorly-drained claypan soils which are prone to N loss. This research assessed the impact of different urea fertilizer placement practices on corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) production and N utilization in a poorly-drained claypan soil. Field trials were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Missouri. Treatments consisted of pre-plant deep banding (20 cm) urea at 202 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> or urea plus a nitrification inhibitor (NI) (nitrapyrin) compared to pre-plant urea broadcast surface-applied or incorporated to a depth of 8 cm. In 2014, incorporating urea, deep banding urea, and deep banding urea plus NI had higher yields (&gt; 10%) of corn compared to the control with grain yields ranging from 13.73 to 14.05 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. In 2015, grain yields were lower than in 2014, ranging from 4.1 to 7.9 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Deep placing banded urea with a NI yielded an increase in grain yield up to 48% compared to the other treatments. Rainfall amounts were higher in 2015, which could have resulted in poorer root growth and greater N loss in deep banded treatments. In 2014, deep banding urea with a NI produced the highest NUE. Similar to NUE, silage tissue N concentrations in 2014 were greater with deep banded urea plus NI, while in 2015 silage tissue N concentrations were higher with surface applied urea. The results suggest that urea fertilizer incorporation including deep banding may improve corn grain production, N uptake, and NUE, but response was affected by climatic conditions. The addition of an NI may be an important safeguard when deep banding urea in years with excessive precipitation.</p>

Effect of polymer-coated urea on nitrous oxide emission in zero-till and conventionally tilled silage corn

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. Hunt ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
Hongjie Zhang ◽  
Rita Bhandral ◽  
Cynthia A. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Little is known about nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from silage corn (Zea mays L.). Studies have shown that controlled-release N fertilizers have the potential to reduce N2O emissions, compared with conventional N fertilizers. This 2-year field study compared N2O emissions from urea fertilizer and a slow-release polymer-coated urea (CRU) applied to silage corn on soils managed with conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT). The study was conducted on a silty loam soil in the cool, moist climate of south coastal British Columbia, Canada, taking year-around measurements from static chambers. Over 2 study years there was a significant interaction between N sources and tillage methods; under CT there was no significant difference between CRU and urea (557 vs. 447 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively), but under ZT, emissions from CRU were significantly higher than from urea (968 vs. 381 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively). Annual emissions of N2O-N ranged from 0.09 to 0.65% of applied N fertilizer. The CRU also had significantly greater emissions than urea per unit N uptake and plant yield under ZT, while there was no significant difference between N sources under CT. The results do not indicate that NO3− release from broadcast CRU matches corn growth or reduces emission of N2O.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of maize with enhanced-efficiency fertilizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1383-1387
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Antônio Costa ◽  
Roberto dos Anjos Reis Júnior ◽  
Jéssica C. Urbanski Laureth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

Urea fertilizers coated with polymers are used to optimize nitrogen (N) uptake by crops. However, there are many types of polymers that can be used for coating, leading to differences in observed results. Consequently, validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of ammonium- and nitrate-N levels in the soil, maize yield and nutritional status, N fertilization efficiency with Policote® urea coating, and different N doses under various soil and climatic conditions. Three field experiments were carried out to compare the performance of common urea with Policote® coated urea. A (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design with two N sources (common urea and Policote® coated urea), four N doses, and a control treatment (without N) was used. The results showed that Nitrate-N levels in the soil were not affected by the treatments. However, the ammonium-N levels was increased with N fertilization. Higher levels of soil ammonium-N contents were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea. Foliar nitrogen levels were increased linearly with N doses only in one of the experiments. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased maize yield. Higher yield and N fertilization efficiency were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea than with common urea.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS DEPENDING ON METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND GROWING MANNER IN LATGALE 2018–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Kintija Pekša ◽  
Arnis Justs ◽  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Aldis Stramkalis ◽  
Sanita Zute
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

In recent decades in Latvia and other European countries increased interest about growing protein-rich crops and especially soybeans (Glycine max). Although soybean cultivation experiments in Latvia have been carried out for some time, there is still insufficient knowledge about cultivating these plants in the country's climatic conditions. A field trials was carried out in 2018, 2019 and 2020 in the Latgale Agricultural Science Centre. The effect of three factors (A: soybean cultivar (A1 — ‘Lajma’, A2 — ‘Laulema’, A3 — ‘Merlin’, A4 — ‘Tiguan’, A5 — ‘Paradis’, A6 — ‘Touttis’); B: sowing rate (B1 — 40, B2 — 50, B3 — 60 germinable seeds per 1 m2); C: row spacing (C1 — 12.5 cm, C2 — 25 cm) on the development and yield formation of soybean was examined. The experiment was carried out in the framework of the project ‘New technologies and important to look for earlier cultivars to avoid farming risks.

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