Management of fertilizer nitrogen for direct-sown, rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Panda ◽  
R. N. Samantaray ◽  
S. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

SummaryField experiments were conducted in wet seasons (June-December) for 4 years on a clay loam Haplaquept, to study the effects of different N management practices on yield, urea and ammonium-N in flood water and N nutrition of an clite rice cv. CR 1009, grown in rainfed lowlands. During the first 3 years of the experiment, fertilizer management practices like band placement of neem-cake-coated urea (NCU), broadcast application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) at sowing, or point placement of urea supergranules (USG) 3 weeks after germination at 40 kg N/ha gave grain yields of 3·1–3·4 t·ha, which were almost equal to that of split application of prilled urea (PU). In the 4th year of the experiment, besides NCU and USG, single dose applications of PU as band placement, incorporation in the soil at sowing or broadcast incorporation of soil-treated urea at early tillering was also found to have similar effect on grain yield and N uptake as split application of PU. The flood water of the treatment receiving broadcast application of PU at tillering contained some urea and ammonium N, which rapidly decreased to negligible amounts in 3·4 days.The results suggest that, depending upon the feasibility, any one of the single dose application methods at sowing time or 3 weeks after germination may be adopted in this system of rice culture, which avoids top-dressing of PU to surface flowing flood water of greater depths at later stages of crop growth.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of maize with enhanced-efficiency fertilizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1383-1387
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Antônio Costa ◽  
Roberto dos Anjos Reis Júnior ◽  
Jéssica C. Urbanski Laureth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

Urea fertilizers coated with polymers are used to optimize nitrogen (N) uptake by crops. However, there are many types of polymers that can be used for coating, leading to differences in observed results. Consequently, validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of ammonium- and nitrate-N levels in the soil, maize yield and nutritional status, N fertilization efficiency with Policote® urea coating, and different N doses under various soil and climatic conditions. Three field experiments were carried out to compare the performance of common urea with Policote® coated urea. A (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design with two N sources (common urea and Policote® coated urea), four N doses, and a control treatment (without N) was used. The results showed that Nitrate-N levels in the soil were not affected by the treatments. However, the ammonium-N levels was increased with N fertilization. Higher levels of soil ammonium-N contents were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea. Foliar nitrogen levels were increased linearly with N doses only in one of the experiments. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased maize yield. Higher yield and N fertilization efficiency were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea than with common urea.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dressing and nutrient absorption of lilies (Asiatic hybrids) on sandy soils.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
J.H.G. Slangen ◽  
G.J. Krook ◽  
C.H.M. Hendriks ◽  
N.A.A. Hof
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Asiatic Hybrids ◽  
Bulb Yield

The effect of different amounts (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha) and timings of split application of N on yield and nutrient uptake of 3 hybrid cultivars grown for bulbs was investigated. Efficiency of N-uptake was determined by soil and plant analysis with field experiments in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Leaching of fertilizers applied before planting induced low nutrient efficiencies in sandy soils. Dividing the total N-dressings into 4 monthly applications from Mar. to June or Apr. to July led to a higher N-efficiency, though fertilizers were easily leached with high rainfall. A total of 150 kg N/ha appeared to be adequate. Concentrations of plant nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in mature plants of cultivars Aristo, Connecticut King and Enchantment are presented in relation to bulb yield and N-uptake. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BORON, SULPHUR AND ZINC COATINGS ONTO PRILLED UREA FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIJAY POONIYA ◽  
YASHBIR SINGH SHIVAY ◽  
MADAN PAL ◽  
RADHIKA BANSAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYDeficiencies of micro (Zn, B) and secondary (S) nutrients are well-documented in soil as well as in cereal crops, leading to decreased crop yields and low nutritional quality of food. We evaluated the effects of coated urea on maize yield, N and Zn uptake, and input cost relationships. Field experiments were conducted on maize to test boron-coated (BCU), sulphur-coated (SCU) and zinc-coated urea (ZnCU) during 2013 and 2014. On the basis of 2 years’ average data, the highest grain yield was achieved with 0.5% BCU, 5% SCU and 2.5% ZnCU as zinc sulphate hepta hydrate. These treatments increased yields by 5.4, 12.8 and 9.9% over prilled urea (PU), respectively. Application of 0.5% BCU (supplying 1.4 kg B ha−1), 5% SCU (supplying 14.1 kg S ha−1) and 2.5% ZnCU (supplying 7.05 kg Zn ha−1) registered the highest N concentrations and uptake in grain and stover. Total N uptake (grain + stover) was increased by 7.6, 16.7 and 17.1% with BCU, SCU and ZnCU treatments over PU. As compared to PU, Zn concentration in maize grain was significantly higher and total Zn uptake (grain + stover) increased by 32.4% with 2.5% ZnCU. Coated urea materials also enhanced the partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), recovery efficiency (REN) and harvest index (HIN) over those of PU. From the economic viewpoint this study suggests that coating of urea with 0.3% boron, 5% sulphur or 2% zinc gives maximum net returns and benefit-cost ratio. Our data indicate that coating of B, Zn and S onto urea increases maize yield, profitability and nitrogen use efficiency in the western Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from Indian rice fields: calibration and upscaling using the DNDC model

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pathak ◽  
C. Li ◽  
R. Wassmann
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Co2 Equivalent

Abstract. Crop growth simulation models provide a means to quantify the effects of climate, soil and management on crop growth and biogeochemical processes in soil. The Denitrification and Decomposition (DNDC) model was evaluated for its ability to simulate methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Indian rice fields with various management practices. The model was calibrated and validated for field experiments in New Delhi, India. The observed yield, N uptake and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were in good agreement with the values predicted by the model. The model was then applied for estimation of GHG emissions from rice fields in India using a newly compiled soil/climate/land use database. Continuous flooding of rice fields (42.25 million ha) resulted in annual net emissions of 1.07–1.10, 0.038–0.048 and 21.16–60.96 Tg of CH4-C, N2O-N and CO2-C, respectively, with a cumulated global warming potential (GWP) of 130.93–272.83 Tg CO2 equivalent. Intermittent flooding of rice fields reduced annual net emissions to 0.12–0.13 Tg CH4-C and 16.66–48.80 Tg CO2-C while N2O emission increased to 0.056–0.060 Tg N2O-N. The GWP, however, reduced to 91.73–211.80 Tg CO2 equivalent. The study suggests that the model can be applied for studying the GHG related issues in rice cropping systems of India.

scholarly journals The effect of the rate and method of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and utilization by broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

1999 ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Everaarts ◽  
P. De Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of the rate and method of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and utilization by broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) was studied in four field experiments. The methods of application were broadcast application vs band placement and split application. Maximum uptake of nitrogen by the crop was around 300 kg ha-1. In one experiment, band placement positively influenced nitrogen uptake. Split application did not influence nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen application resulted in a higher head dry matter production, but the efficiency of nitrogen utilization for the production of head dry matter decreased with higher amounts of nitrogen applied. Nitrogen application decreased the dry matter content of the heads. In half of the experiments, band placement of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in extra head dry matter production and lower head dry matter contents. At the optimum rates of band placed nitrogen application, the nitrogen harvest index in the experiments ranged from 27 to 30%. The amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest generally increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen applied. Band placement resulted only in one experiment in lower amounts of mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest. The mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest can be unevenly horizontally distributed, both with broadcast application and band placement of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen unaccounted for at harvest increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen applied, but was always less than the amount of nitrogen in crop residues. At the optimum rates of band placed nitrogen application, the amount of nitrogen in crop residues ranged from 120 to 155 kg ha-1. With broccoli cultivation, the nitrogen in the crop residues forms the single largest source of potential loss of nitrogen to the environment.

scholarly journals Polymer-Coated Urea in Broadcast or Furrow Application in the Corn-Palisadegrass Intercropping System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽  
José Laércio Favarin ◽  
Felipe Brendler Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Application Forms

Polymer coated urea (PCU) have the potential to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) by the release of N following crop demand while reducing losses by volatilization, leaching and denitrification. However, the NUE of PCU is still unclear especially in systems of corn-palisadegrass intercropping. Broadcast application of urea result in ammonia volatilization losses, new technologies must be adopted in order to allow broadcast application of urea. The aim of this research was to evaluate NUE from PCU in the corn-palisadegrass intercropping system and the viability of the broadcast application using PCU. Two field trials were carried out in a 4 × 2 factorial design including fertilization treatments and application forms. Fertilization treatments were: Conventional Urea topdressing (CUT); Conventional Urea at corn planting (CUP); PCU applied at planting to release in 30 days (PCU30); PCU mixture applied at planting to release in 30 and 60 days (PCU30+60); and application forms: broadcast placement and in furrow. 15N-urea was used for the determination of NUE. The corn yield and palisadegrass above-ground biomass were not affected by the fertilization treatments or application forms. PCU did not increase N uptake and the NUE by corn or palisadegrass in relation to urea. The N uptake from fertilizer by palisadegrass intercropped with corn is less than 1% of all N uptake on the intercropping system and at most 2% of the N fertilizer applied. The slow release urea does not enable the broadcast application and its efficiency depended upon the same climatic conditions as those of the conventional urea.

scholarly journals Pear Responses to Split Fertigation and Band Placement of Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yin ◽  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
Clark F. Seavert
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf N

Single broadcast application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the soil surface results in low use efficiency of applied N and P in pear (Pyrus communis) production systems in Oregon and the Pacific northwestern United States. A field experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2006 to evaluate the effects of split fertigation and band placement as alternate N and P management practices in ‘Anjou’ pears growing on a Parkdale loam soil near Parkdale, OR. Measurement and analysis of tree nutrition, fruit yield, quality, and storability, as well as indigenous soil nutrient supply was the scope of the experiment. To evaluate fertilizer management practices on pear growth and productivity, the following four treatments were tested with a randomized complete block design replicated four times: 1) broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface in a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, 2) band placement of N and P on both sides of tree rows in 1 × 1-ft ditches (width × depth), 3) 1 × 1-ft ditches were dug using the band placement equipment, the dug soil was completed returned to the ditch without any fertilizer, and the broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface was applied on a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, and 4) fertigation of N and P split into five equal applications throughout the growing season. Nitrogen and P fertilizers were applied to treatments 1, 2, and 3 at 100 lb/acre N and 55 lb/acre P, while treatment 4 received only 80 lb/acre N and 44 lb/acre P. The 2-year average results show leaf N and P concentrations in the fall were increased by 10.0% and 10.6%, respectively, with split fertigation compared with broadcast application on the soil surface. Band placement increased leaf N by 7.1% relative to broadcast application on the soil surface with soil disturbance caused by band placement. Split fertigation and band placement slightly increased fruit yield, but increased marketable fruit (the total of excellent and very slightly scalded fruit) by 20.9% and 11.1% (absolute value) when compared with broadcast application of N and P and broadcast application of N and P with soil disturbance caused by band placement, respectively, and after 3 months of cold storage. No detrimental effects on fruit weight or reduction in soil amino sugar N were observed from lowering the N and P application rates by 20% with split fertigation. Overall, split fertigation and band placement of N and P can be used to replace single broadcast application on the soil surface on pear orchards to reduce fruit superficial scald during cold storage and improve the use efficiency of applied N and P in the mid-Columbia region of Oregon.

Efficiency of urea-based fertilizers for wetland rice (Oryza sativa)

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mahapatra ◽  
D. Panda ◽  
S. K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in two wet and two dry seasons in 1984–86 to evaluate efficiencies of different urea-based fertilizers, and methods of application, for irrigated rice. Response to applied N was significant in all seasons. In the wet season, use of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) green manure and urea (Dh + U), reduced zone placement of urea supergranules (USG), surface application of laccoated urea (LCU) and prilled urea in three split doses (PU-split) gave similar results, and all were better than basal broadcast application of urea coated with neem (Azadirachta indica) cake (NCU) or prilled urea (PU-basal). In the dry season, USG was significantly superior to PU-basal, NCU and (Dh + U). Nitrogen uptake by rice was greatest 15–30 days after transplanting (DAT), followed by a second peak during the reproductive phase of the crop. Ammonium-N in the soil decreased sharply up to 30 DAT, more slowly up to 60 DAT and then increased slightly. Ammonium-N in the soil was higher with USG, (Dh + U) and PU split than with other treatments, especially in uncropped conditions.

Banding urea and lignosulfonate in corn (Zea mays L.) production and 15N recovery

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamir Alkanani ◽  
Angus. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
High Rate ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Band Placement

The use of urea in corn (Zea mays L.) production is common. Under current N fertilizer recommendations for corn, urea may have adverse effects on corn growth when applied in a band. The effects of ammonium lignosulfonate (LS) on corn growth and on N uptake from the banded application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) mixtures were investigated on two soils from eastern Quebec. Field experiments were initiated in the first week of May 1991 on an Ormstown silty clay and a Ste. Rosalie clay soils (fine, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Humaquepts). Treatments were two rates of urea (30 and 90 kg urea-N ha−1) in combination with DAP (14 kg N ha−1), with or without banded fertilizer solutions of LS (8 kg N ha−1) applied at planting 5 cm to the side and 3 cm below the seed. A no treatment control was included. The low rate of urea and DAP (no LS added) resulted in a 19 and 24% increase in grain yield at the Ste. Rosalie and Ormstown, respectively, when compared with the unfertilized plots. When compared with the unfertilized treatment, the high rate of urea and DAP (no LS added) caused 10% increase in grain yield. However, addition of LS to the high rate of urea and DAP increase grain yield by band 20%. In general, LS significantly increased corn N uptake from urea on both soils. Separate 15N field experiments were initiated in June 1991. Mean recovery of 15N in total dry matter (grain and stover) was 51.9% in Ormstown and 47.9% in Ste. Rosalie soil. Denitrification estimates, calculated as 15N not accounted for, were not affected by LS and the rate of banded urea-N. Immobilization of 15N ranged from 17.8% to 30.9% of the applied labelled urea. The rate of urea-N banded had no significant effect on immobilization, but LS resulted in significantly less 15N immobilized. These observations suggest that LS can reduce the biological immobilization of urea-N and increase the efficiency of urea fertilizer by reducing the negative effects of banding high levels of urea, while attaining benefits of band placement. Key words: Lignosulfonate, corn, urea, 15N

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