scholarly journals Substitution Value of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Silage in Dairy Cow Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kun-Jun Han ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
The North ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Impact

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) may serve as an alternative perennial forage crop in lowlands of the north central United States. Three feeding trials were conducted with Holstein cows (Bos taurus) at the early, mid, and late lactation stages to evaluate the impact of different cup plant silage substitution levels for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) silage mixture on milking cow performance. The concentrations of lignin and CP (crude protein) in the first cut and regrowth cup plant silage were lower than alfalfa silage. Substituting one-half of the silage reduced voluntary dry matter (DM) intake of early lactation stage cows by 11%. Although milk composition was not changed by the substitution, the 4% FCM (fat corrected milk) production was reduced by 7.5%. Another feeding trial tested substitution of one-third and two-thirds of the silage for mid-lactation cows. Increasing cup plant silage up to two-thirds of the forage portion in the diet reduced DM intakes and 4% FCM production by 21.8 and 8.7%, respectively. Milk composition did not change. Cow bodyweight was reduced as the substitution rate increased. Finally, a feeding trial with late-lactation cows indicated substitution of one-fourth of the silage performed equivalent in DM intake, milk composition, and milk production to those of cows fed a low forage diet (50% alfalfa-corn silage in diet), or a high forage diet (66% alfalfa-corn silage in diet). Based on the results of the three feeding trials, it is concluded that cup plant silage can substitute mixture of alfalfa-corn silage at up to 30% of the forage portion in diets without substantial negative impacts on the performance of dairy cows, especially during late lactation.

THE IMPACT OF HIGH LEVELS OF ACETIC ACID IN CORN SILAGE ON MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Alyokhin ◽  
◽  
A. Yu. Lebedeva ◽  
M. S. Zhukov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Impact

Meta-Analytic and Economic Approaches for Evaluation of Pesticide Impact on Sclerotinia Stem Rot Control and Soybean Yield in the North Central United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Paul D. Mitchell ◽  
Mamadou L. Fall ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
Scott A. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

As complete host resistance in soybean has not been achieved, Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum continues to be of major economic concern for farmers. Thus, chemical control remains a prevalent disease management strategy. Pesticide evaluations were conducted in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Wisconsin from 2009 to 2016, for a total of 25 site-years (n = 2,057 plot-level data points). These studies were used in network meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of 10 popular pesticide active ingredients, and seven common application timings on SSR control and yield benefit, compared with not treating with a pesticide. Boscalid and picoxystrobin frequently offered the best reductions in disease severity and best yield benefit (P < 0.0001). Pesticide applications (one- or two-spray programs) made during the bloom period provided significant reductions in disease severity index (DIX) (P < 0.0001) and led to significant yield benefits (P = 0.0009). Data from these studies were also used in nonlinear regression analyses to determine the effect of DIX on soybean yield. A three-parameter logistic model was found to best describe soybean yield loss (pseudo-R2 = 0.309). In modern soybean cultivars, yield loss due to SSR does not occur until 20 to 25% DIX, and considerable yield loss (−697 kg ha−1 or −10 bu acre−1) is observed at 68% DIX. Further analyses identified several pesticides and programs that resulted in greater than 60% probability for return on investment under high disease levels.

scholarly journals The “Grass-Fed” Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alothman ◽  
Sean A. Hogan ◽  
Deirdre Hennessy ◽  
Pat Dillon ◽  
Kieran N. Kilcawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
The Impact

Milk is a highly nutritious food that contains an array of macro and micro components, scientifically proven to be beneficial to human health. While the composition of milk is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health, lactation stage etc., the animal’s diet remains a key mechanism by which its nutrition and processing characteristics can be altered. Pasture feeding has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on the nutrient profile of milk, increasing the content of some beneficial nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), while reducing the levels of Omega-6 fatty acids and palmitic acid. These resultant alterations to the nutritional profile of “Grass-Fed” milk resonate with consumers that desire healthy, “natural”, and sustainable dairy products. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of the impact that pasture and non-pasture feeding systems have on bovine milk composition from a nutritional and functional (processability) perspective, highlighting factors that will be of interest to dairy farmers, processors, and consumers.

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING ON PRIVATE LANDS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS PROJECT IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HOLZMUELLER ◽  
JOHN W. GRONINGER ◽  
MICHAEL A. MARTINEK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
The North ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Forest Stewardship ◽  
The Impact

In 2004, the US Forest Service launched the Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) to determine whether lands enrolled in the Forest Stewardship Program meet state stewardship objectives. Within each state, SAP used an aggregate analysis to categorise all land available for the FSP as — low, medium, or high stewardship potential. We characterized differences in land classified by the SAP in the study area, and determined if states have been effectively enrolling lands in the high category. Results indicate that while states are enrolling high stewardship potential lands (p < 0.0001), prioritising among forest lands is difficult because nearly all of it is classified as high or medium stewardship potential. We suggest prioritising forested areas using ranking criteria that are more closely associated with state forestry priorities, a strategy that could be adapted to increase the impact of limited public forest stewardship resources outside of the region as well.

Replacing conventional with brown midrib corn silage in a total mixed ration: the impact on early and late lactation dairy cow intake, milk yield and composition, and milk fatty acids profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Genero ◽  
C. A. Cangiano ◽  
J. P. Raimondi ◽  
J. M. Roig ◽  
G. A. Gagliostro
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Brown midrib corn silage (BMRS) is used as an alternative to conventional corn silage (CS) to increase milk yield because of its higher neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) and DM intake (DMI). Forty Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two groups of 13 cows in early lactation (EL) and 7 in late lactation (LL) were fed with a total mixed ration including brown midrib (BMR) or conventional corn silage (C), for a period of 42 days. The cows were milked twice a day, milk yield and DMI were recorded, and NDFD was estimated. Milk composition was measured twice a week and milk fatty acid profile was quantified on the final week of the experiment. In EL, BMR diet increased DMI, NDFD, milk and protein yield whereas milk fat content and yield were decreased. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 in milk were higher in BMR. In LL cows DMI was similar between BMR and C whereas milk and fat yields tended to be higher in C. Fat-corrected milk yield was greater in the C diet. The effect of the BMRS on DMI and milk yield depended on stage of lactation, justifying its use in early lactation. The lower milk fat concentration, observed when BMRS was included in the diets, could be explained in part by an increased concentration of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2.

scholarly journals Analyses of Yield and Economic Response from Foliar Fungicide and Insecticide Applications to Soybean in the North Central United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Chad E. Hart ◽  
Nathan R. C. Bestor ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

Foliar disease and insect management on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in the North Central region of the United States has been increasingly accomplished through foliar fungicide and insecticide application. Data from research trials conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska were compiled from 2008 to 2014 to determine the impact of fungicide, insecticide, and fungicide + insecticide applications on soybean yield and profitability. In each state, field experiments occurred each year in two to seven locations. All treatments were applied at the R3 growth stage. Disease and insect pressure were very low in all states and years. A foliar application of fungicide, insecticide, or the combination, increased yield in seven out of 14 total site-years (P < 0.10). Economic analysis using an average soybean price of $0.42 per kilogram and average application cost of $62 per hectare indicated that fungicide applications were only profitable in 14% of the trial site-years. Insecticide alone and fungicide + insecticide was profitable in 39% and 45% of site-years, respectively. Effect of fungicide class on yield was inconsistent. Our results indicate that although yield increases can occur with foliar fungicide and/or insecticide treatments, current market prices and application costs may limit profitability when disease and/or insect pressure is low. Accepted for publication 22 September 2016.

Effects of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product to transition Holstein cows on performance and health

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu ◽  
Chel Moore ◽  
Matthew J. VanBaale ◽  
Howard Jensen ◽  
Maria V. Sanz-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Fermentation Product

Two experiments examined the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product (AO; Amaferm®; BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) on productive variables in transition dairy cows. In experiment 1, 33 Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 11 primiparous) were enrolled from −21 to 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were individually fed either a control total mixed ration (TMR) diet consisting of primarily alfalfa hay and steam-flaked corn [62:38 and 59:41, forage:concentrate (F:C) for prepartum and postpartum phases, respectively] or the control diet along with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 2, 455 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled from −21 to 121 DIM. Cows were group-fed either a control TMR diet (n = 228) consisting primarily of corn silage and rolled corn (44:56, F:C) or the control diet (n = 227) with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 1, cows fed AO had increased (P < 0.05) milk production compared with controls (37.7 vs. 34.6 kg d−1). Milk composition, dry matter intake, body weight (BW), and BW loss both prepartum and postpartum did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Cows fed AO tended to have decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids levels (14%, P < 0.10), but plasma glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.89). In experiment 2, cows fed AO had decreased milk yield (43.0 vs. 43.8; P < 0.05), and increased milk fat content (3.50% vs. 3.38%; P < 0.01) but similar quantities of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 42.7 kg d−1; P > 0.10). Results suggest that AO has the potential to improve aspects of milk production efficiency, but the percentage and types of forage utilized may influence the response.

Association of production factors with milk IgA and IgM concentrations in normal lactating cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
Chungang Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Dengpan Bu ◽  
Guanglei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Concentrations of IgA and IgM in milk from normal lactating cows were measured to determine whether they were affected by lactation number, lactation stage, daily milk production, milk composition and somatic cell score (SCS). A total of 284 Chinese Holstein cows showing no signs of mastitis were selected from more than 1600 cows from one farm. Concentrations of IgA and IgM in normal milk were determined by ELISA. Results revealed that average milk IgA and IgM concentrations were 235±11 and 32±3 μg/ml, respectively. IgA and IgM concentrations in milk were found to have an association with lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production and SCS. Both SCS and daily milk production were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgA concentration. Stage of lactation and SCS were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgM concentration.

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF UREA OR AMMONIA-SOLUTION-TREATED CORN SILAGES FOR LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS AND MATURE SHEEP

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. BAREEBA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
H. R. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Mineral Solution ◽  
Silage Fermentation

Corn silages were treated at harvest with 0.5% urea or 1.3–2.2% ammonia-molasses-mineral solution. Apparent recoveries of added nitrogen in the corn silages ranged from 95 to 100% in both experiments. Water-insoluble N and lactic acid contents were increased in the treated silages as compared to the control. Four diets containing either (1) grass-legume (GL) silage (38% DM) + medium grain (MG); (2) 0.5% urea-treated corn (CU) silage (31% DM) + MG; (3) 2.2% ammonia-treated corn (AC) silage (32% DM) + MG; (4) AC silage + low grain (LG) were fed to eight Holstein cows in a latin square design. Silage DM consumption, milk production and milk composition were not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Reducing the level of grain feeding from 32 to 23% of the diet with ammonia-treated corn silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in total DM consumption, with no apparent effect on milk production or composition, at the levels of production observed in this study. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatments in molar percentages of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in rumen fluid. However, no differences were observed in milk fat or solid nonfat contents of the cows receiving the four experimental diets. Sheep digestion studies carried out on the above silages indicated apparent digestibilities of DM, CP and energy were lower (P < 0.05) for the GL silage compared with the UC or AC silages (exp. 1), whereas there were no differences in apparent digestibilities of DM and energy of untreated corn silage or NPN-treated silages (exp. 2). However, crude protein digestion coefficient was lower (P < 0.05) for untreated corn silage compared with the three NPN-treated corn silages. The present studies failed to show a beneficial effect of treating corn silage with an ammonia, molasses and mineral solution rather than urea on silage fermentation and animal performance. Key words: Dairy cows, sheep, nitrogen balance, ammonia treatment, corn silage

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