scholarly journals Photosynthetic Pigments and Photochemical Efficiency in Soursop under Saline Water Irrigation and Nitrogen Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Evandro M. da Silva ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Francisco Vanies Da Silva Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Four Levels

The Studies have shown that nitrogen fertilization can mitigate the effects of saline stress on plants, however, the efficiency may vary according to the source of nitrogen used, specifically on the photosynthetic activity. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen sources on photosynthetic pigments and photochemical efficiency in soursop plants irrigated with distinct salinities. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with the treatments corresponding to four levels of irrigation water salinity - ECw (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate), with three replications. The irrigation with saline water from 0.5 dS m-1 inhibits the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and promotes damages in the photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis at 110 days after transplanting. The different sources of nitrogen do not cause changes in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, however, the fertilization with potassium nitrate mitigates the effect of saline stress on the photochemical efficiency, mainly in the water salinity of 3.5 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Growth and gas exchanges in soursop under irrigation with saline water and nitrogen sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro M. da Silva ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) fertilization has been tested for the mitigation of salt stress in some species including fruit crops. However, special attention should be paid to the source of N, due to the different compositions and saline indices of the fertilizers, particularly when irrigation is conducted using waters with salinity levels that are restrictive to agriculture. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of fertilization with N sources on the growth and gas exchanges of soursop irrigated with saline water after transplanting. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, and treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, in 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to electrical conductivity of water - 0.5, 1.1, 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1, and the N sources urea, ammonia sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate, with three replicates. Growth and gas exchanges of soursop at 110 days after transplanting were not influenced by either the interaction between water salinity and N sources or the individual action of N, but were inhibited by the increase in water salinity from 0.5 dS m-1. Increasing water salinity inhibited stomatal opening and carboxylation in the leaves.

scholarly journals Sources and doses of nitrogen in the production of sunflower plants irrigated with saline water

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Welligton B. da Sousa ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Adaan S. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Number Of Seeds

ABSTRACT The cultivation of sunflower allows its use as bio-fuel and alternative forage. It is a viable alternative in the semiarid regions. Current study evaluates the effect of saline water use, sources and doses of nitrogen fertilization on the production of sunflower in the experiment conducted in drainage lysimeters between May and August 2012, under protected conditions, at Pombal - PB Brazil. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, with a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial arrangement and three replications. The treatments consisted of two levels of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.3 and 3.0 dS m-1), three sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate) and four levels of N (40, 80, 120 and 160% of recommended dose - 100 mg kg-1, for trials in pots). Dry mass of chapter (DMC), mass of achenes (MAc), the number of viable seeds (MVS), total number of seeds (TNS) and internal (DCI) and external (DCE) diameter of chapter. Irrigation with water of ECw=3.0 dS m-1 negatively affected all variable evaluated. Doses of N 104 and 160% of recommended dose for trials in pots, resulted in the highest DMC, TNS, DCE and DCI. N sources and the interaction between factors did not affect significantly any of the variable evaluated.

scholarly journals Effect of water salinity and potassium doses on physiological traits and growth of ‘Embrapa 51’ precocious dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) rootstock

2020 ◽  
pp. 1748-1755
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Jailson Batista da Silva ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

In the semiarid regions, plants are constantly exposed to different conditions of abiotic stresses due to the occurrence of excess salts in both soil and water. Thus, it is extremely important to identify an alternative capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants as a way to ensure the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the chloroplast pigments, photochemical efficiency and growth of ‘Embrapa 51’ precocious dwarf cashew as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the rootstock formation stage. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.4; 1.2; 2.0; 2.8 and 3.6 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium fertilization - KD (100 and 150% of the recommendation corresponding to 150 and 225 g K2O kg-1 soil), with two plants per plot and three replicates. Water salinity from 0.4 induced reductions in chlorophyll a and b synthesis, maximum and variable fluorescence and growth in sexually propagated precocious dwarf cashew seedlings and increases in carotenoid content and initial chlorophyll fluorescence. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II in cashew plants was decreased sharply with the increment in water salinity levels, standing out as indicative of damage to the photosystem II reaction centres. 'Embrapa 51' precocious dwarf cashew plants can be classified as sensitive to water salinity above 0.4 dS m-1. Potassium doses of 100 and 150% of the recommendation did not alleviate the effects of salt stress during the precocious dwarf cashew rootstock production phase.

scholarly journals Physiology of ‘Paluma’ guava under irrigation with saline water and nitrogen fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Manoel da Silva ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Leandro De Pádua Souza ◽  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

The use of saline water in irrigation causes osmotic and toxic effects and nutritional imbalance in plants, leading to morphophysiological modifications in the leaves and compromising the production of photosynthetic pigments, which negatively reflects in the growth and development of the crops. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on the content of photosynthetic pigments and leaf morphophysiology of guava seedlings cv. ‘Paluma’ under nitrogen (N) fertilization. A randomized block design was used, testing five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (541.1, 773.0, 1,004.9, and 1,236.8 mg of N dm-3 of soil) in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates and five plants per plot. The contents of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the guava seedlings cv. ‘Paluma’ were inhibited by the increase in irrigation water salinity at 190 days after emergence, and the salt stress was lessened with the N dose of 1,004.9 mg dm-3 up to an ECw level of 1.2 dS m-1. Leaf morphophysiology of guava seedlings was not compromised by irrigation water salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, and the highest values were obtained in plants fertilized with 541.1 mg of N dm-3.

scholarly journals Gas exchange of citrus rootstocks in response to intensity and duration of saline stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Roberta Chaiene Almeida Barbosa ◽  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Walter Dos Santos Soares-Filho ◽  
Pedro Dantas Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

Soil and water salinity cause physiological disorders in sensitive plants, such as altered gas exchange in citrus genotypes. However, it is possible to analyse these effects and to identify genotypes tolerant to salt stress. An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the tolerance of citrus genotypes considering the irrigation with saline water during rootstock formation. The study took place under greenhouse conditions in Pombal county, Paraiba, Brazil. A randomised block design was used, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme (5 x 8). The two factors were: [i] five salinity levels of irrigation water (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and [ii] eight genotypes of citrus rootstocks: 1. ‘Rangpur Santa Cruz’ lime (LCRSTC); 2. common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) x ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) - 028; 3. TSKC x CTSW - 033; 4. TSKC x CTSW - 041; 5. ‘Volkamer’ lemon (LVK) x ‘Rangpur’ lime (LCR) - 038; 6. ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL); 7. TSKC and 8. ‘Florida’ rough lemon (LRF). Gas exchange was evaluated at 15, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of the saline water application. High water salinity reduces gas exchange in citrus genotypes, which was more evident at 15 days from the beginning of stress. The genotypes ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, TSKC x CTSW - 041, LVK x LCR - 038 and ‘Florida’ rough lemon exhibit a satisfactory physiological behaviour during the first 30 days of exposure to the stress, showing moderate tolerance to salt stress. The genotypes TSKC x CTSW - 033 and common ‘Sunki’ mandarin are the most sensitive to salinity.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE, CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND GROWTH OF PASSION FRUIT CULTIVATED WITH SALINE WATER AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
COSMO GUSTAVO JACOME FERNANDES ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
PEDRO DANTAS FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Plants

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, chloroplast pigments and growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the seedling formation stage. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium - KD (50 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the stomatal opening, transpiration, CO2 assimilation and inhibited the growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit plants, at 40 days after sowing. There was no CO2 restriction in the substomatal cavity of passion fruit plants grown under water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1. Potassium dose of 150 mg kg-1 of soil, corresponding to 100%, intensified the effect of salt stress on the assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit. There was interaction between water salinity levels and potassium doses for the chlorophyll a and b contents of 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit.

scholarly journals Evidence of nitrogen and potassium losses in soil columns cultivated with maize under salt stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Jorge F. da S. Ferreira ◽  
Donald L. Suarez ◽  
Emanuel D. Freitas ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Saturated Extract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water and of N and K from fertilization. The experiment was conducted in PVC columns (20 cm in diameter and 100 cm in height), filled with non-saline soil, and cultivated with maize. A completely randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial was used, with four levels of salinity (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1), four N rates, and five replicates. Nitrogen was applied as urea and potassium nitrate at the following rates: N1: N recommendation for maize (2.6 g column-1); N2: 0.3 times (0.78 g column-1) the recommended N1 dose; N3 and N4 with N based on N1 and N2 doses, respectively, reduced proportionally based on the evapotranspiration reduction caused by salinity. After 74 days from sowing, root and soil samples were collected at different soil depths. The electrical conductivity of the saturated extract (ECe) and the concentration of ions (Ca2+, Na+, and Cl-) increased as a function of salinity and soil depth. The opposite was observed for the root system. The increase in salinity also resulted in K+ and NO3- accumulation in the soil column, mainly in treatments with higher N rates (N1 and N3). At the end of the experiment, 88% of the NO3- applied at the highest salinity treatment (7.5 dS m-1) and the highest N rate (N1) was below 20 cm soil depth, evidencing a N loss process caused by leaching.

scholarly journals Organic fertilization to attenuate water salinity effect on papaya growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mônica S. da S. Sousa ◽  
Vera L. A. de Lima ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Luderlândio de A. Silva ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Alternatives

ABSTRACT The salinity of water and soil reduces the growth and production of crops, especially the fruit trees, such as papaya. Thus, it is necessary to obtain management alternatives for cultivation under these conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and phytomass of papaya cultivated under irrigation with saline water and organic fertilization. An experiment was set up using a randomized block design, with the treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of five levels of salinity of irrigation water (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and two levels of organic fertilization (10 and 20 L of bovine manure per plant), with three replications, totaling thirty experimental plots. Growth variables of papaya were evaluated. Papaya plants were negatively affected by irrigation water salinity, with a greater effect on the number of leaves and on dry phytomass of leaves, with no effect of bovine manure levels.

scholarly journals Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia da Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Biomass

Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.

scholarly journals Morphophysiology of guava under saline water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idelfonso L. Bezerra ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Leandro de P. Souza ◽  
Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of grafted guava cv. ‘Paluma’ subjected to different concentrations of salts in irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilization. The plants were transplanted to 150 L lysimeters and under field conditions at the Science and Agri-food Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the municipality of Pombal - PB. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments corresponded to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the crop). The doses equivalent to 100% corresponded to 541.1 mg of N dm-3 of soil. Irrigation water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1 negatively affects the number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, dry phytomass of leaves, branches and shoots . A significant interaction between irrigation water salinity and N fertilization was observed only for the number of leaves and leaf area at 120 days after transplanting. N dose above 70% of the recommendation (378.7 mg N dm-3 soil) did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by salt stress on plant growth.

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