scholarly journals Investigate the Exit of the Britain from European Union and Its Impacts on the International Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehsan Chaboki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Second World

Although Europe is not a superpower, but it is a great world power, at least in the economic dimension and it has a decisive effect on many international issues. Means it has much to say in relation to trade, the environment, drug control, natural disasters, and serious illnesses and so on. But in the field of policy passing the restrictive measures that puts on its agenda, in the major and basic issues it inevitably should cooperate with US and follow it. Europe on these types of subjects, considers inevitably a complementary role of America for itself at least for some time. So a sense that at the time was applied in Germany is also true about the current Union: European Union is an economic giant and a political dwarf that lacks the characteristics of a great and perfect power. It seems that no issue had been raised as the importance of exit of Britain from the European Union and the effects that it will leave from the end of the Second World War up to now means more than 70 years. Location and history of Britain add to the importance of this issue. The exit of Britain apart from the business and economic consequences can create a political and psychological shock in European developments. As entering of Great Britain took place loudly within a decade (Eventually, in 1973), leaving this country is associated with a lot of coverage in 4 recent years. This issue has been become one of the concerns of circles of Britain and Europe. America and Canada have also repeatedly warned about the negative consequences of this exit that we will discuss it in this paper.

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) AS INTERMEDIARIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DECISION TO ADOPT INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: 1973–2002

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrimi Kaya ◽  
Robert J. Kirsch ◽  
Klaus Henselmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This paper analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in encouraging the European Union (EU) to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS). Our analysis begins with the 1973 founding of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), and ends with 2002 when the binding EU regulation was approved. We document the many pathways of interaction between European supranational, governmental bodies and the IASC/IASB, as well as important regional NGOs, such as the Union Européenne des Experts Comptables, Économiques et Financiers (UEC), the Groupe d'Etudes des Experts Comptables de la Communauté Économique Européenne (Groupe d'Etudes), and their successor, the Fédération des Experts Comptables Européens (FEE). This study investigates, through personal interviews of key individuals involved in making the history of the organizations studied, and an extensive set of primary sources, how NGOs filled key roles in the process of harmonization of international accounting standards.

Corruption and Integration – Does the Expansion of the European Union Represent a Risk Factor?

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hetzer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe imminent entry of ten countries into the European Union is one of the greatest success stories in the contemporary history of the continent. Following the devastation of the Second World War and the political and economic paralysis during the ‘Cold War’ period the future holds promise of development opportunities of historical significance for twenty-five Member States. It must not be overlooked, however, that, due to the still prevalent differences in living standards, in income ratios and in administrative structures, the process of economic approximation is also not without risks. Among these is the tendency towards corruption. The expansion of the European Union can only succeed economically and politically if the dangers associated with corruption are minimized by far-sighted legislation and consistent implementation measures throughout Europe. This is true not only with respect to the new Member States.

3. The economic dimension of globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Manfred B. Steger
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Second World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Economic globalization refers to the intensification and stretching of economic connections across the globe. ‘The economic dimension of globalization’ gives a brief history of the emergence of the global economic order. Towards the end of the Second World War, the Bretton Woods Conference laid the foundations for institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and World Trade Organization. In the 1980s, rising neoliberalism led to the deregulation of financial transactions. Significant developments include the internationalization of trade, the increasing power of transnational corporations, and the enhanced role of international economic institutions. We have recently experienced setbacks like the 2007–10 recession and the slowdown of the Chinese economy.

scholarly journals Traktat Lizboński a wspólnotowe wartości europejskie

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Maciej Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formal Solutions

An issue raised more and more frequently in political, as well as scientific discourse in the context of the European Union, is “democratic deficit”. At the time, EU is perceived as an institution guaranteeing the preservation of democratic values in Europe and promoting them both on the continent and beyond. This article discusses both points of view, with emphasis placed on the democratic deficit aspect, measures undertaken to eliminate the negative consequences of the process, as well as the history of the concept: starting from the single European Act, through general elections to the European Parliament, and formal solutions leading to the gradual increase of EU powers. It is assumed in the article that the problem of democratic deficit has persisted in the European Union, especially since several changes were introduced to the political system of EU after The Treaty of Lisbon. As result, the key question that must be answered is whether under the provisions of the Treaty the EU will strengthen its democratic legitimacy. This article attempts to provide an answer, analyzing the role of national parliaments in the new institutional and normative reality and in the context of the democratic legitimacy deficit.

scholarly journals Subjectivity of the European Union ‒ between Atlanticism and Eurocentrism

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Alexey Gromyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
The Military ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
The Eu

In the centre of the study ‒ the contemporary discourse on the subjectivity of the European Union, conducted by euro-atlantists and euro-autonomists in the field of both conceptual and applied issues. We witness a collision of two views about a desirable type of the EU’s identity as a part of the revived Western-centric world or as a moderate Eurocentrism. A significant attention is paid to the principle of strategic autonomy and the role of Germany and France in its implementation. The subjectivity of the EU is treated as a multi-speed process, intrinsic to the history of the European integration. The author explores the Eurocentric tendencies in the military-political sphere including deliberations on the primary deterrence. The EU’s aspirations towards digital and trade sovereignty are highlighted drawing examples of the JCAP and Nord Stream 2. The article demonstrates that J. Biden’s victory in the presidential election in November 2020 has not reduced the EU ‒ US contradictions on a range of important issues. The recent events in Afghanistan and the signing of AUKUS have become a stark reminder that the principle of strategic autonomy of the EU should be treated by Brussels as the basis for the common security and defense policy.

The Entry into Force of the Lisbon Treaty: The European Union in Retrospect and Prospect

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 265-290
Author(s):  
Avinash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

SummaryThe history of European integration unmistakably shows that it has progressed step by step and is indeed an ongoing and irreversible process. One such step is the conclusion of the Lisbon Treaty, which came into force on 1 December 2009, following negotiations spanning nearly a decade. The treaty aims, inter alia, at improving the functioning of the European Union (EU) and significantly amends the treaty basis of the EU as a supranational organization. It formally establishes the EU as a legal entity under public international law, strengthens the role of the European Parliament, and significantly reforms the role of the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy. Moreover, the treaty has made the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights a legally binding and enforceable instrument and has expanded the competences of the EU in the fields of trade and other external commercial relations by providing it with exclusive competence to conduct the EU’s Common Commercial Policy. The author reviews these and other innovations of the Lisbon Treaty and briefly evaluates the treaty and its implications for the EU.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN COMMON DEFENCE A NEW CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Florin Tudorache
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
World War ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The efforts for peace at the end of the Second World War were based on the belief that only through "European unification" was there hope for an end to a chapter in Europe's recent history of war, bloodshed and destruction. The supreme objectives of safeguarding peace, but also of economic unification, contained in the Constitutive Treaties of the European Communities were impregnated with the fundamental intention of ensuring peace. The Treaties that gave birth to the European Communities and the Union confirm that the goal of peace has succeeded, and that a violent confrontation between Member States is currently unlikely. On the other hand, the conflicts that have affected the former Yugoslavia have shown that peace and democracy in Europe are not as obvious as they seemed. The Yugoslav crisis has also shown that it is vital to act in support of peace beyond the borders of the conflict-free zone within the European Union. The paper aims to analyze the evolution of the concept of common European defence, in order to identify features and trends of the European security environment that can provide an image of the future options of the European Union in the field of defence.

Youth Policy of the European Union and “May 1968”

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
N.V. Bulavintsev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
May 1968 ◽  
Union History

The article considers the problem in the history of the European Union: what date can be considered the beginning of a youth policy? In reviews of the history of youth policy in the European Union one can frequently find the date “1968”, when a wave of student protests swept across Europe, as a starting point. The article explores the reasons for this role of the May 1968 events. The article gives both a formal and symbolic answer to the question set in the study. Analyzing other studies of the European Union history and documents of the European Communities, the factual and symbolic side of the issue is considered. Using the concept of “places of memory”, coined by Pierre Nora, the author analyzes the symbol of 1968 protests in relation to the history of youth policy of the European Union. Interpreting “1968” as a “place of memory” for European politics, the author comes to the conclusion that the European Union’s youth policy has two starting points: the formal one, which is directly related to the institutionalization of the “youth” social group as a direct object of the European Union’s policy, and the symbolic, which is associated with the recognition of youth as a political entity.

scholarly journals Saving the Sustainability of the European Union, Fighting Terrorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
El Chami D ◽  
El Moujabber M
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Eu

Albeit the absence of an agreement on the definition, terrorism as studied in this literature has a complex nature and diverse factors that are involved. Furthermore, dealing with terrorism has become the centrepiece of foreign policies of many countries worldwide. The European Union has a long history of fighting terrorism. Yet, the current terrorism threats have shaken the bases of the Union. According to the authors’ assessment and evaluation, terrorism in Europe, in the aftermath of the Second World War, occurs due to the unsustainable foreign policies of the EU member states. To save the European Union and to fight terrorism, the authors suggest a framework based on four complementary headlines: i) Education, ii) Social justice and human rights, iii) Law enforcement, and iv) Sustainable common defence policy. A prerequisite to the success of this framework is a revision of the Europe-transatlantic relations to address the imbalance in the EU relations with USA.

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