The Effects of Poverty Reduction Strategies on Artisanal Fishing in Ghana: The Case of Keta Municipality

This paper assesses the level of poverty in Ghana after three decades of successive implementation of numerous poverty reduction strategies including Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) by various governments of Ghana. The Keta municipality in the Volta region, where artisanal fishing thrives, was chosen as a representative sample of the whole country. The authors identified eleven artisanal fishing communities in the selected area using systematic sampling. Data were collected on household consumption patterns. This process was used to determine the profile of poverty using the latest upper poverty line of Ghana and the Greer and Thorbecke (1984) poverty formula. Research findings show that the various poverty alleviation methods implemented over three decades by the Government of Ghana, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) significantly failed as they have not produced any meaningful effect on poverty reduction in the sample area. Finally, this paper offers further suggestions regarding how this poverty gap may be bridged using alternative methods.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) on Small-Scale Farmers in the Kara Region of Togo

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

John-Philippe Essiagnon Alavo ◽

Emefa Adzowa-Sika Cogbe ◽

Xiangmei Li ◽

Gershom Mwalupaso Endelani ◽

Ekram Abdalgadir Eltom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Support Program ◽

Small Scale ◽

Maize Production ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

The Government ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Impact

The government of Togo reintroduced Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) as one of its Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) in 2002. Since the introduction of the program, the studies that evaluate its effects on income have focused either on fertilizer or seed component, but not on both, which made it a challenge to find out what improvements in small-scale farmers’ productivity can be attributed to FISP as a whole. Using Propensity Score Matching technique with collected data from 150 randomly surveyed households in the Kara region of Togo, the authors of the study estimated the impact of FISP on beneficiary households’ output from maize production. The results show that FISP augmented household annual maize income by 30.8% and total household income by 13.9% for both 2016/17 and 2017/18 cropping seasons. However, even though FISP is achieving its objective of improving small-scale farmers’ income, this increment is still not large enough to take households above the poverty line, and the effects of FISP to reduce overall poverty is also limited.

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

10.36106/ijar/0313846 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

T. Indumathi ◽

G. Savaraiah

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Economic Empowerment ◽

Political Empowerment ◽

The Poor ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

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Empowering Women through Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe Is the Gender Gap Not Encroaching This Noble Cause?

Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial ◽

10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Lettiah Gumbo ◽

Precious Dube ◽

Muhammad Ridwan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Financial Services ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

National Development ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Financial Products ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Government ◽

Financial Awareness

One of the most effective catalysts of economic growth of any nation is obviously financial inclusion. However, in developing countries such as Zimbabwe gender gap is still an impediment to the achievement of financial inclusion for all. Research findings for this paper show that, increasing women’s financial opportunities and financial awareness on how to access financial products and services will go a long way in reducing the gender gap. Furthermore, increasing access to and use of quality financial products and services is essential to inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction. Although the government of Zimbabwe is taking steps to increase women financial inclusiveness, research shows that women in Zimbabwe trail behind men in as far as access to financial services is concerned. Zimbabwean communities remain dominantly patriarchal and women are always lagging behind in developmental projects meant for their empowerment. This paper seeks to assess the implementation of women’s financial inclusion highlighting opportunities and barriers such as the gender gap and how this may be overcome. The study is qualitative in nature and therefore makes use of interviews and questionnaires for data collection. It is envisioned by the researchers that the research findings will be beneficial to women; their empowerment and development and national development. It is hoped to change the way in which the banking and financial sectors deal with women’s financial inclusion for the betterment of their livelihoods. Furthermore, women’s financial empowerment will improve livelihoods of many families given the caring nature of mothers, sisters, aunts and grandmothers.

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The State, Private Sector Development, and Ghana's “Golden Age of Business”

African Studies Review ◽

10.1353/arw.2006.0053 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 31-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Peter Arthur

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Private Sector ◽

Development Strategy ◽

Golden Age ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Investment Climate ◽

Private Sector Development ◽

Effective Implementation ◽

Adjustment Program ◽

The Government

Abstract:The promotion of the private sector has become an integral part of Ghana's economic development strategy since it embarked on its structural adjustment program (SAP) in 1983. Private sector development, which involves the improvement of the investment climate and the enhancing of basic service delivery, is considered one of the necessary factors for sustaining and expanding businesses, stimulating economic growth, and reducing poverty. This article examines the policies of Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) government and its strategies for making the private sector the bedrock of economic development and for achieving what it calls the “Golden Age of Business.” It argues that while the policies and initiatives being pursued have the potential to help in the development of the private sector in Ghana, the government has to play a more central role in this process, not only by creating the enabling environment for private businesses, but also by providing business with support and protection. While the “Golden Age of Business” is a neoliberal concept, its effective implementation requires a robust statist input.

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Poverty Alleviation Strategy Policy Formulation in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province

Iapa Proceedings Conference ◽

10.30589/proceedings.2020.418 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Marlan Hutahaean ◽

Dimpos Manalu ◽

Johnson Pasaribu

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Public Involvement ◽

Social Protection ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Legislative Elections ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

The Government ◽

North Sumatra

This paper aims to uncover the process of public policies formulation, specifically regarding poverty reduction strategies and social protection in Toba Regency, North Sumatra. The poverty reduction policy that is the focus of this research consists of three Regional Regulations (Perda), which were only issued in 2019, after the district was established (autonomy) since 1999, namely: Regional Regulation No. 2/2019 concerning the Implementation of Social Welfare, Regional Regulation No. 10/2019 concerning Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and Regional Regulation Number policy formulation11/2019 concerning the Implementation of Elderly Welfare. This qualitative research concludes that the process and formulation of poverty reduction policies in Toba Regency took place technocratically and elitist. First, the three Regional Regulations are considered as "derived regulations", the operationalization of a higher level of statutory regulation (in this case government laws and regulations), which are considered to have clear scope and conception. Secondly, the three regional regulations were drafted at the end of the government (executive) period and national legislative elections which have implications and the potential for ineffective implementation of policies and as well as minimal oversight of the legislative majority which is not elected in the next period. This factor caused suspicion towards the three Regional Regulations to be solely formulated for the pragmatic interests of the incumbent regents for the sake of popularity and electability in the next regional elections. Third, there is a lack of public participation because these three regional regulations have policy targets for socially, culturally and politically vulnerable and voiceless groups, as well as the lack of support from civil society organizations. Based on the findings above, the policy recommendation put forward is that public involvement in the process and formulation of this Perda is not merely administrative in nature, but an active sequence from the setting agenda to the formulation.

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ANALISIS SPASIAL KELEMBAGAAN PETANI DAN KEMISKINAN PETANI TANAMAN PANGAN MENGGUNAKAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION DI PROVINSI JAMBI

MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE ◽

10.24895/mig.2016.18-2.280 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Inti Pertiwi Nashwari ◽

Ernan Rustiadi ◽

Hermanto Siregar ◽

Bambang Juanda

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Geographically Weighted Regression ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Food Crop ◽

Spatial Approach ◽

The Government ◽

Crop Farmer

ABSTRAKEmpat puluh persen (40%) masyarakat Indonesia yang terlibat dalam pertanian masih hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Berbagai upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengurangi tingginya jumlah petani miskin belum mampu menurunkan kemiskinan petani secara berarti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh kegiatan pertanian, fasilitas fisik pertanian dan akses kelembagaan petani terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan petani tanaman pangan di Provinsi Jambi. Provinsi Jambi dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena wilayah ini memiliki kemiskinan di pedesaan yang tinggi dan Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) yang paling rendah di Indonesia. Pendekatan spasial metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) dipilih sebagai pendekatan alternatif dalam analisis kemiskinan petani karena dapat mempertimbangkan adanya keragaman karakteristik kemiskinan dan penyebab kemiskinan yang berbeda di masing-masing wilayah. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyaknya desa dengan jaringan jalan beton/aspal berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kemiskinan petani tanaman pangan di beberapa kecamatan Kabupaten Kerinci, satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Merangin dan seluruh kecamatan di Kabupaten Sungai Penuh. Semakin besar persentase desa yang melakukan kegiatan pemberdayaan dana bergulir/simpan pinjam untuk modal usaha pertanian selama tiga tahun terakhir di Kabupaten Sungai Penuh dan beberapa kecamatan di Kabupaten Kerinci akan menurunkan jumlah kemiskinan petani tanaman pangan di wilayah tersebut. Keberadaan fasilitas irigasi dan kegiatan pertanian tidak ada yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan kemiskinan petani tanaman pangan.Kata kunci: kemiskinan, petani tanaman pangan, analisis spasial, Geographically Weighted RegressionABSTRACTForty percent (40%) of Indonesian people in agriculture sectors are still living under the poverty line. The government policies have been implemented to reduce poor farmers but it’s not significant. The purpose of this study is to describe the spatial pattern of agricultural activity, the agricultural facilities and farmers access to the farm institution and to analyze its impact on poverty reduction in food crop farmers in Jambi Province. Jambi Province is selected because have high number of poverty in rural area and the lowest Farmer’s Term of Trade Indices (NTP) in Indonesia. Spatial approach Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to analyze the factors influencing the poverty among food crops famers and consider the diversity of the characteristics of poverty and a cause of poverty is different in each region. The result of this study are rural area with asphaltroads was significantly influence reducing poverty food crop farmers in several districts Kerinci, districts Merangin and districts Sungai Penuh. Rural area with empowerment activities by revolving fund for agriculture also significantly influence reducing poverty food crop farmers in the district Sungai Penuh and district Kerinci in the last three years. The irrigation facilities and agricultural activities not significant reduce farmers crops poverty.Keywords: poverty, food crop farmer, spatial analysis, Geographically Weighted Regression

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Integrating Clean Energy Use in National Poverty Reduction Strategies

10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0023 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Chika Ezeanya ◽

Abel Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Energy Use ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

The Government

The disappearance of Rwanda’s forests and attendant change in climatic conditions prompted the government to explore clean energy alternatives such as biogas. Unlike at any other time in Rwanda’s history, more and more Rwandans in rural areas are becoming owners of cattle because of the Government of Rwanda’s agricultural direct assistance and poverty reduction programme known as Girinka. This chapter focuses on the various strategies employed by the government of Rwanda in achieving increased biogas use among the rural poor Girinka beneficiaries who use cow dung for their domestic biogas plants. Conditions necessary for successful implementation of clean energy pro-poor reforms in rural communities are explored.

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African Science Fiction and the Planning Imagination

The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry ◽

10.1017/pli.2017.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 237-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew Eatough

Keyword(s):

Science Fiction ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Free Market ◽

Welfare Programs ◽

Institutional Planning ◽

Structural Adjustment Programs ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

The International Monetary Fund

AbstractThis essay examines the recent rise in popularity of science fiction in Africa. I argue that this growth can be traced to key shifts within the logic of structural adjustment programs. Over the last twenty years, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have begun to place a heightened emphasis on “poverty reduction strategies” (or PRSs). These PRSs have taken the two organizations’ longstanding commitment to free-market policies and adapted them to the rhetoric of social and economic justice by suggesting that “sustainable” welfare programs can only be constructed through the “long-term” benefits of well-planned “institutions.”As I show, this vision of long-term development has encouraged a move toward fictional forms capable of speaking to elongated temporal scales. Using Nnedi Okorafor’s novelLagoonas my primary example, I investigate how sci-fi narratives have struggled to represent social agency within thelongue duréeof institutional planning.

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Increase The State Of Poverty In Jordan During The Period 2010-2017

SocioEconomic Challenges ◽

10.21272/sec.4(4).39-47.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Jameel Aljaloudi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

National Level ◽

Welfare Economic ◽

The State ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Fiscal Conditions ◽

Poverty Lines ◽

The Government

This research aims to study the change in poverty rates in Jordan and the governorates during the period 2010-2017. In estimating poverty rates, the method used by the government in the report on the state of poverty in Jordan for the year 2012 was adopted. This method is similar to the method of the World Bank in estimating global poverty rates. In assessing poverty lines for the year 2017, poverty lines for the year 2010 were re-estimated based on the change in inflation rates and the change in the standard household size at the national and governorate levels during the period 2010-2017. The research relied on national and international secondary sources to collect data related to income, economic growth, and unemployment. Mainly, in this research, reference was made to the Household Income and Expenditure Survey for the year 2010 and 2017 that was conducted by the Jordanian Department of General Statistics. The results of the research showed a significant increase in poverty rates at the national level. It increased from (14.4%) in 2010 to (22.2%) in 2017. With the exception of Ma’an Governorate, all governorates showed a significant increase in their poverty rates. The results also showed the great variation in poverty rates between governorates. These results indicate that the goals contained in the government’s poverty reduction strategies have not been achieved. The reason is not only due to the content and implementation of these plans, but also to the slowdown in economic growth rates and the high unemployment rates since 2010. It is also expected that the rise in the state of poverty will continue due to the deterioration of the economic conditions and will continue with the Corona pandemic, the end of which cannot be foreseen. This situation constitutes more pressure on the government to provide appropriate solutions to alleviate the state of poverty, especially in the difficult fiscal conditions it has faced recently. Keywords: poverty, welfare economic, income distribution, economic growth, unemployment.

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Evaluation of Rice Markets Integration in Bangladesh

THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ◽

10.35536/lje.2010.v15.i2.a4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 77-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mohammad Ismail Hossain ◽

Wim Verbeke

Keyword(s):

Market Integration ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Price Transmission ◽

Long Run ◽

Adjustment Program ◽

Integration Test ◽

Short Run ◽

The Government ◽

Market Interdependence

The liberalization of the agricultural sector in general and the rice subsector in particular has been a major component of Bangladesh’s structural adjustment program initiated in 1992. However, the government has continued to intervene in the rice subsector. This paper examines whether the regional/divisional rice markets have become spatially integrated following the liberalization of the rice market. Wholesale weekly coarse rice prices at six divisional levels over the period of January 2004 to November 2006 were used to test the degree of market integration in Bangladesh using co-integration analysis and a vector error correction model (VECM). The Johansen co-integration test indicated that there are at least three co-integrating vectors implying that rice markets in Bangladesh during the study period are moderately linked together and therefore the long-run equilibrium is stable. The short-run market integration as measured by the magnitude of market interdependence and the speed of price transmission between the divisional markets has been weak.

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