The Effect of Salinity and Irrigation Regimes on the Level of Fatty Acids in Olive Flesh Oil

Olive trees have the capability of growing under semi-arid regions, where drought and salinity are the major concerns. Two years field experiments were carried out to investigate the interaction effects of natural saline well water and irrigation levels on the quantity and quality of fatty acids in the olive flesh fruits (“Roghani” cultivar). A factorial layout within a randomized complete blocks design with three replications of five irrigation levels (I1 to I5 as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 ETc) and three saline water levels (S1 to S3 as 100%WW, 50%WW+50%FW and 100%FW) were considered. The fresh and brackish irrigation water were withdrawn from two different natural wells (fresh water (FW) and saline water wells (WW)). Results revealed that increasing salinity and decreasing irrigation water levels caused significant increment in the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids, palmitic acid to the percentage of oil and oil percentage in olive flesh fruit. It is found that as water salinity increased from lowest to the highest level, the oleic acid trends to its highest value of 23.68% in I1S1. Mean values of palmitic acid in 2013 were 27.52% and decreased to 19% in 2014. It is concluded that highest percentage of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids obtained under high saline and less applied irrigation treatment (S1I2) yielding to improve the olive oil quality.

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The influence of agro-climatic conditions on the fatty acid composition of soybeans of the northern ecotype

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2021i8pp9-12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

Marina Evgenievna Belyshkina ◽

Tamara Petrovna Kobozeva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

World Health ◽

Soybean Seeds

In terms of biological value and quality, soy fat meets the standard of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. The aim of the study was to identify agro-climatic factors that affect the fatty acid composition of soybean seeds of the northern ecotype and to determine the variety that most corresponds to the group of food fat quality. Field experiments were conducted in 2017–2019 in the Ryazan region at the experimental base of the Institute of Seed Production and Agricultural Technologies-a branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM. Varieties and forms of soybeans of the northern ecotype – Light, Mageva, Okskaya and M-52-were selected as objects of research. The results of the study. The average yield of soybean seeds for three years of research was from 1.81 to 2.57 t / ha for varieties, the fat content in the seeds was 19.4–21.5 %, the total harvest was 357–548 kg/ha. The fat of soybean seeds of varieties and forms of the northern ecotype contained 11.36–11.43 % palmitic acid and significantly less oleic acid-7.43–11.27 %. While in traditional varieties, the values of these indicators were 9.75 % and 24.80 %, respectively. In conditions of sufficient moisture (2017), the predominance of saturated palmitic acid in the fatty acid composition of seeds was observed, and in dry years (2018–2019) – unsaturated fatty acids – oleic, linoleic and linolenic, their sum was 73 % in dry years, with sufficient moisture – 67 %. Better illumination of the upper tiers of plants contributed to the activation of the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. It was found that, according to the fatty acid composition, the Light soy variety is more close to the varieties of soy for food purposes.

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Evaluation of some sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2020-0027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Khaled Mohamed Aboelkassem ◽

Asmaa Abd-EL-Halime Ahmed ◽

Mohamed Ali Abdelsatar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Research Station ◽

Head Diameter ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

100 Seed Weight

Abstract The present investigation was carried out to evaluate agronomic performance and oil quality of seven sunflower genotypes at Shandaweel Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Sohag, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons. These genetic materials were sown in a randomized complete block design having three replications. Significant genetic variations among evaluated sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality were observed. The superior sunflower genotypes were Line 120 for seed yield per hectare (3102.38 kg), Sakha 53 for seed oil content (44.63 %) and Line 125 for oil quality where it contained the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (89.20 %). The phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all studied traits. High heritability (exceeded 60%) and genetic advance as percent of mean (ranged from medium to high, exceeded 10%) was observed for most studied traits. Seed yield per plant positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, and 100-seed weight and most chemical traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Maximum phenotypic direct effects on seed yield per plant were observed for 100-seed weight, head diameter and total unsaturated fatty acids. While, the highest genotypic direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed for head diameter. Hence, most studied traits could be employed as selection criteria for improving evaluated sunflower genotypes.

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The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319602 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 138-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdullah KARASU ◽

Hayrettin KUȘCU ◽

Mehmet ÖZ ◽

Gamze BAYRAM

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Yield Components ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Water Levels ◽

Marmara Region ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Irrigation Treatments

This research was conducted in Bursa, Marmara region, Turkey, in order to determine grain yield and some morphological traits which affect the silage maize response to different irrigation water amounts. The grainsâ€™ percentage of crude oil and of crude protein were determined. Field experiments were planned following randomized complete block design with three replications and included six irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (Epan) applied via drip irrigation [1.25 Ã— Epan (I125), 1.00 Ã— Epan (I100), 0.75 Ã— Epan (I75), 0.50 Ã— Epan (I50), 0.25 Ã— Epan (I25) and 0 Ã— Epan (I0)]. The highest value of grain yield was found to be 18,268 kg ha-1 in the I125 treatment, which represents excessive water. A quadratic relationship between grain yield and irrigation water applied was obtained. Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield and yield components except the percentage of crude oil and crude protein of grain, but improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Relationships between the grain yield and each yield component were positively significant. The highest correlation coefficient in the research gave the relationship between grain yield and plant height (r=0.957**). The results revealed that 1.25 Ã— Epan and 1.00 Ã— Epantreatments are preferable for higher yield. The results of this study also suggest that if water is limited, the application of 0.75 Ã— Epan can be recommended as optimal treatment, because the best compromise among yield, yield components, quality and irrigation water use efficiency for maize was achieved with this application.

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Solvent Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Sesame Seeds for Determination of Bioactive Antioxidant Fatty Acid/Fatty Oil Components

Drug Research ◽

10.1055/s-0043-123466 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (06) ◽

pp. 344-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdul Qadir ◽

Athar Ali ◽

Muhammad Arif ◽

Abdulmohsen Al-Rohaimi ◽

Satya Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sesame Seeds ◽

Fatty Oil ◽

Oleoyl Chloride

AbstractThe seed kernels of Sesamum indicum L. (family: Pedaliaceae) were extracted with ethanol and yield of components determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The free radical scavenging activities of ethanolic extract against1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds including steroids, phenolic, terpenoids, fatty acids and different types of ester compounds. The ethanolic extract was purified and analyzed by GC MS.The prevailing compounds found in ethanolic extract were Carvacrol (0.04%),Sesamol (0.11%), 4-Allyl-2-methoxy-phenol(0.04%),Palmitic acid (1.08%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (85.40%), Lineoleoyl chloride (0.52%), Palmitic acid β-monoglyceride (0.40%), Dihydro-aplotaxene (0.61%), Oleoyl chloride (1.11%), (+)-Sesamin (4.73%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)tetrahydro-1 H,3 H-furo [3,4-c]furan-1-yl], [1 S-(1,3,4,6α.), (2.01%)], 6-Nitrocholest-5-en-3-yl acetate (0.22%), Ergost-5-en-3β-ol (2.35%) and 24-Propylidenecholesterol (0.16%). The presence ofsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolicextract justifies the use of this plant to treat many ailments in folk and traditional medicine. Ethanolic extract have shown significant antioxidant activity(IC50120.38±2.8 µg/ml). The presence of phenolic (Sesamol), lignin (Sesamin) compounds and unsaturated fatty acids are reported as possible contributor for antioxidantactivity of seed extract.

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CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2009v14n4p504-517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 504-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽

Saulo Cabral Gondim ◽

Fernando Luiz Figueiredo ◽

Ícaro Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Mass Production ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Levels ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

The One ◽

Shoot Mass

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Geocleber Gomes de Sousa2; Saulo Cabral Gondim3; Fernando Luiz Figueiredo1; Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante4; Adriana Araujo Diniz51Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, [email protected] 2Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Ceará, Fortaleza, CE3Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PBUniversidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI5Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB 1 RESUMO O trabalho foi realizado, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006, em ambiente protegido do CCA/UFPB – Campus II, Areia, PB, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o crescimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivado em diferentes substratos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com três repetições e 12 unidades experimentais por parcela, arranjados num fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação ( 0,4; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1 ) e dois substratos, sendo um mais arenoso (Solo Neossolo Regolítico) e o outro mais argiloso, constituído por uma mistura do Neossolo Regolítico (50% ) mais Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico (50%). O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação elevou expressivamente o caráter salino dos substratos, refletindo-se na redução do crescimento pelo diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, produção de biomassa das raízes e parte aérea das plantas em ambos os casos, porém com maior intensidade no substrato constituído pela mistura de parte iguais dos solos Neossolo Regolítco e Nitossolo Vermelho. UNITERMOS: Salinidade, irrigação, Passiflora edulis, condutividade elétrica CAVALCANTE, L. F.; SOUSA, G. G. de; GONDIM, S. C.; FIGUEIREDO, F. L.; CAVALCANTE, Í. H. L.; DINIZ, A. A. INITIAL GROWTH OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT CROPED IN TWO SUBSTRATS MANAGED WITH SALINE WATER IN TWO SUBSTRATES 2 ABSTRACT This study was carried out, during the period of October /2006 to December /2006, in green house conditions from Agrarian Sciences Center , Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on initial growth of yellow passion plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were distributed in a randomized blocks experimental design with three repetitions and 12 experimental units per parcel, in a factorial arrangement 5 x 2, referring to electrical conductivity of irrigation water levels (0.4; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 e 4.0 dS m-1) and two substrates, being a sandy (Entisol) and a clay, composed by a mixture of Entisol (50%) and Eutrophic Red Nitosol (50%). The increasing of irrigation water salinity expressively enhanced the saline index of the substrate, reflecting in a plant growth reduction related to stem diameter, leaf area, root mass production and shoot mass production of both substrates, but more expressive for the one with equal parts of Entisol and Red Nitosol. KEYWORDS: Salinity, irrigation, Passiflora edulis, electric conductivity

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Antagonism Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in ROS Mediated Lipotoxicity in Rat Insulin-Producing Cells

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000430261 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 852-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Wiebke Gehrmann ◽

Wiebke Würdemann ◽

Thomas Plötz ◽

Anne Jörns ◽

Sigurd Lenzen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

H2o2 Production ◽

Β Cell ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Insulin Producing Cells ◽

H2o2 Formation

Background/Aims: Elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are under suspicion to mediate β-cell dysfunction and β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. Whereas saturated fatty acids show a strong cytotoxic effect upon insulin-producing cells, unsaturated fatty acids are not toxic and can even prevent toxicity. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress mediates lipotoxicity and there is evidence that the subcellular site of ROS formation is the peroxisome. However, the interaction between unsaturated and saturated NEFAs in this process is unclear. Methods: Toxicity of rat insulin-producing cells after NEFA incubation was measured by MTT and caspase assays. NEFA induced H2O2 formation was quantified by organelle specific expression of the H2O2 specific fluorescence sensor protein HyPer. Results: The saturated NEFA palmitic acid had a significant toxic effect on the viability of rat insulin-producing cells. Unsaturated NEFAs with carbon chain lengths >14 showed, irrespective of the number of double bonds, a pronounced protection against palmitic acid induced toxicity. Palmitic acid induced H2O2 formation in the peroxisomes of insulin-producing cells. Oleic acid incubation led to lipid droplet formation, but in contrast to palmitic acid induced neither an ER stress response nor peroxisomal H2O2 generation. Furthermore, oleic acid prevented palmitic acid induced H2O2 production in the peroxisomes. Conclusion: Thus unsaturated NEFAs prevent deleterious hydrogen peroxide generation during peroxisomal β-oxidation of long-chain saturated NEFAs in rat insulin-producing cells.

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Stomata and Xylem Vessels Traits Improved by Melatonin Application Contribute to Enhancing Salt Tolerance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brassica napus L. Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽

Nesma Shalby ◽

Ali M. A. El-Badri ◽

Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽

Mohammad Nauman Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Growth And Yield

Salinity stress is a limiting factor for the growth and yield quality of rapeseed. The potentiality of melatonin (MT; 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) application as a seed priming agent in mediating K+/Na+ homeostasis and preventing the salinity stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in two rapeseed cultivars. We found that 50 µM MT treatment imparted a very prominent impact on growth, metabolism of antioxidants, photosynthesis, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, yield, and fatty acids composition. Days required for appearance of first flower and 50% flowering were decreased by MT application. Exogenous MT treatment effectively decreased the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide under saline and non-saline conditions, as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation, heightened membrane stability, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Furthermore, MT application enhanced the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, relative water content, K+/Na+ homeostasis, soluble sugars, and proline content. Moreover, MT application obviously improved the oil quality of rapeseed cultivars by reducing glucosinolates, saturated fatty acids (palmitic and arachidic acids), and enhancing unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and oleic acids except erucic acid were reduced). Yield related-traits such as silique traits, seed yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed oil content, and yield biomass traits were enhanced by MT application. The anatomical analysis of leaf and stem showed that stomatal and xylem vessels traits are associated with sodium chloride tolerance, yield, and seed fatty acid composition. These results suggest the supportive role of MT on the quality and quantity of rapeseed oil yield.

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S-acylation modulates the function of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in human cells

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra119.011032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 (14) ◽

pp. 4488-4497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander L. Ticho ◽

Pooja Malhotra ◽

Christopher R. Manzella ◽

Pradeep K. Dudeja ◽

Seema Saksena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Hek293 Cells ◽

Metabolic Labeling ◽

Sodium Dependent ◽

Bile Acid Transporter ◽

Acid Transporter

The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. ASBT function is rapidly regulated by several posttranslational modifications. One reversible posttranslational modification is S-acylation, involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues in proteins. However, whether S-acylation affects ASBT function and membrane expression has not been determined. Using the acyl resin-assisted capture method, we found that the majority of ASBT (∼80%) was S-acylated in ileal brush border membrane vesicles from human organ donors, as well as in HEK293 cells stably transfected with ASBT (2BT cells). Metabolic labeling with alkyne–palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) also showed that ASBT is S-acylated in 2BT cells. Incubation with the acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (25 μm for 15 h) significantly reduced ASBT S-acylation, function, and levels on the plasma membrane. Treatment of 2BT cells with saturated palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) increased ASBT function, whereas treatment with unsaturated oleic acid significantly reduced ASBT function. Metabolic labeling with alkyne–oleic acid (100 μm for 15 h) revealed that oleic acid attaches to ASBT, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids may decrease ASBT's function via a direct covalent interaction with ASBT. We also identified Cys-314 as a potential S-acylation site. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that S-acylation is involved in the modulation of ASBT function. These findings underscore the potential for unsaturated fatty acids to reduce ASBT function, which may be useful in disorders in which bile acid toxicity is implicated.

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