scholarly journals A Review on the Country Health System, Its Challenges and the Corrective Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ebrahim ◽  
Amir Ashkan Nasiripour
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
The World

Health systems have played an important role in improving the lives and increasing life expectancy throughout the twentieth century. However, there are large gaps between potential power of of health systems and its current performance. There are many differences in the achievements of countries with similar resources and facilities and this indicate that many that reforminghealth this system to continue being responsive to the needs of the community is an absolute necessity. Nearly two decades, some efforts have been done to reform the health system and over the years many ups and downshas been seen.However, reform of health system in Iran is not supported bypolitical sector sufficientely and in term of financial resources relies on financial and technical assistance of “WHO” and a small part of the second loan the World Bank. With regard to the implementation of the reform plan of health system, its role in reaching the goals of the Fifth Development Plan had been implemented since the beginning of 2015. The purpose of this report is to analyze the challenges facing overall health system in Iran and provide proposed solutions in the field.

The World Bank and Educational Assistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brent Edwards ◽  
Inga Storen
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Since the 1950s, the World Bank’s involvement and influence in educational assistance has increased greatly. The World Bank has not only been a key player, but, at times, has been the dominant international organization working with low-income countries to reform their education systems. Given the contributions that education makes to country development, the World Bank works in the realm of education as part of its broad mission to reduce poverty and to increase prosperity. This work takes the form of financing, technical assistance and knowledge production (among others) and occurs at multiple levels, as the World Bank seeks to contribute to country development and to shape the global conversation around the purposes and preferred models of education reform, in addition to engaging in international processes and politics with other multi- and bilateral organizations. The present article examines the work of the World Bank in historical perspective in addition to discussing how the role of this institution has been theorized and research by scholars. Specifically, the first section provides an overview of this institution’s history with a focus on how the leadership, preferred policies, organizational structure, lending, and larger politics to which it responds have changed over time, since the 1940s. Second, the article addresses the ways that the World Bank is conceptualized and approached by scholars of World Culture Theory, international political economy, and international relations. The third section contains a review of research on (a) how the World Bank is involved in educational policy making at the country level, (b) the ways the World Bank engages with civil society and encourages its general participation in educational assistance, (c) what is known about the World Bank in relation to policy implementation, and (d) the production of research in and on the Bank.

Adjustment with Growth: a Fragile Consensus

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ravenhill
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Intense Debate

Six years of intense debate have produced a measure of agreement on a solution for Africa's malaise. This is captured by the latest catchphrase of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, ‘Adjustment with Growth’, which implicitly acknowledge past errors by African governments – or, minimally, that a continuation of previous policies is no longer tenable in a changed external environment. An emphasis on ‘growth’ recognises that ‘adjustment’ must encompass more than ‘stabilisation’, that the continent needs additional externally-provided financial resources on concessional terms if import strangulation is not to exacerbate the downward economic spiral in which many countries are currently trapped. This fragile consensus is facing its first serious practical test as the World Bank attempts to extend its Structural Adjustment Lending programme in Africa. Clearly, significant differences remain between the attitudes of African governments and external donors, and within the academic community, on the sources of the continent's problems and on the policy measures that are needed to counteract them.

Technical Assistance Evaluation Program - Findings of Evaluations and Updated Program

Policy Papers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Asian Development Bank ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
International Finance Corporation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

The Kyrgyz Republic -- Joint Economic Assessment: Reconciliation, Recovery and Reconstruction; Prepared by the Asian Development Bank, International Monetary Fund, and The World Bank; With the participation of Eurasian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Commission, International Finance Corporation, and The United Nations

scholarly journals American and Canadian Health System Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khan,
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The World

Scientists have written numerous papers studying different aspects of health systems in the world. Comparing health systems in the world is essential for policymakers to learn from each other to make healthcare services effective with better outcomes and decrease the cost of healthcare services. In the world, countries have different health systems. The difference in the health systems is a combination of components that are specific to each country based on the financial status of healthcare, workforce, and infrastructures. This paper will evaluate the contrast of Canadian and American health systems payment systems, timely access, and healthcare quality outcomes. Both countries are well-developed countries that have a health system with excellent infrastructure and effective healthcare services. However, the system operates differently in both countries. America does not have a universal healthcare plan and spends more money per capita compared to Canada. The United States has a lower rank than its peer, underperforms in maternal mortality, infant mortality, preventable deaths, and life expectancy. On the other hand, Canada has a universal healthcare plan for all Canadian residents and performs better in life expectancy, infant mortality, and maternal mortality. However, waiting for specialized care is longer than in the United States.

scholarly journals Issues related to the assistance provided by the World Bank as a modernization partner of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Victor Juc ◽  
◽  
Iuliana Stratan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modernization Process

This paper addresses the main issues of World Bank fifi nancing and development assistance in the modernization process of the Republic of Moldova. Investigations show that the country’s political decision-makers are dependent on the World Bank’s advice and sources of technical assistance. At the same time, the allocation of external assistance can work, depending on the country’s policies. This article illustrates how political instability, inconsistency and political support in the implementation of initiated reforms, the interruption of technical assistance from the Government had detrimental consequences on the development objectives proposed by the World Bank during the implementation of the Country Partnership Framework.

scholarly journals The Cause and Benefits of GDP

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Gordon Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

It has recently been shown that world GDP FP-Causes world life expectancy at birth, where FP denotes fractional polynomial (Bechtel, 2021).  This article shows that American and Chinese GDPs FP-Cause world life expectancy even more strongly than world GDP does.  These striking results beg the question: what FP-Causes American and Chinese GDPs?  The answer is globalization, which is also shown here.  Furthermore, it is demonstrated that American and Chinese GDPs also FP-Cause world literacy and employment rates.  It remains to be seen if the World Bank or International Monetary Fund can show that the GDPs of the other (less affluent) 18 nations in the G20 Fp-cause their country’s life expectancy, as well as their literacy and employment rates.  Yearly, pre-pandemic, within-nation increments in these variables can then be compared with subsequent decrements to assess an endogenous viral effect on each country’s well-being.  These comparisons will expose inequalities across nations due to the varying wealth of nations.  The results in this article are brought by Royston and Altman’s (1994) generalization of polynomial regression, which estimates both coefficients and their  powers.                                                                                                                    

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