scholarly journals The Cause and Benefits of GDP

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Gordon Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

It has recently been shown that world GDP FP-Causes world life expectancy at birth, where FP denotes fractional polynomial (Bechtel, 2021).  This article shows that American and Chinese GDPs FP-Cause world life expectancy even more strongly than world GDP does.  These striking results beg the question: what FP-Causes American and Chinese GDPs?  The answer is globalization, which is also shown here.  Furthermore, it is demonstrated that American and Chinese GDPs also FP-Cause world literacy and employment rates.  It remains to be seen if the World Bank or International Monetary Fund can show that the GDPs of the other (less affluent) 18 nations in the G20 Fp-cause their country’s life expectancy, as well as their literacy and employment rates.  Yearly, pre-pandemic, within-nation increments in these variables can then be compared with subsequent decrements to assess an endogenous viral effect on each country’s well-being.  These comparisons will expose inequalities across nations due to the varying wealth of nations.  The results in this article are brought by Royston and Altman’s (1994) generalization of polynomial regression, which estimates both coefficients and their  powers.                                                                                                                    

scholarly journals Entering the 21st century: the challenges for development

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1392) ◽  
pp. 1943-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Wolfensohn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Laser Surgery ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

By many people, the 20th century will be remembered as an era of great achievement in human endeavour, and of enormous economic growth and prosperity. Achievements in medical research, from eradicating infectious diseases to laser surgery; in engineering, from the transistor to space exploration; and in economic development have all contributed to greater well being in the world at the end of the 20th century. Among the challenges to development identified by the World Bank in the coming decades will be managing the twin processes of globalization and localization, as well as post–conflict reconstruction. These will form the backdrop of the Bank's main focus of creating a world free of poverty.

scholarly journals Why Co-operatives?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Mukherjee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nobel Peace Prize ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income

In 2006, Muhammed Yunus and the Grameen Bank received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts through micro-credit to create economic and social development. Muhammed Yunus received the prize not in the field of economics because only sustainable development of the proletariat and the marginalised sections of society can bring peace. More than 80% of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening. The poorest 40% of the world’s population accounts for 5% of global income, while the richest 20% accounts for three quarters of world income. According to the World Bank (WB), the proportion of people in the developing world living on less than $1.25 a day was 20.5% in 2010, down from 43.1% in 1990 and 52.2% in 1981 (in 2005 prices). That is 1.22 billion people lived on less than $1.25 a day in 2010 compared with 0.91 billion in 1990 and 1.94 billion in 1981. In this paper an attempt is made to explain the relevance of Marxism and the need for the co-operative movement to assist in providing a means for social well-being of the downtrodden classes of people. Keywords: Economy and social development, sustainable development, Marxism

GeroPsychology

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Population ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Year 2000

Europe is the oldest continent in the world; in the year 2000, about 17% of Europeans (EU-15) were older than 65, and projections say that in the year 2025 one-fourth of the European population will have reached this age. Nevertheless, the threat to the population is not aging but disability; although life expectancy at birth is about 80, the expected number of years with disability runs from 5.7 to 7.2 years ( WHO, 2002 ). The United Nations recently approved the II International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA, UN, 2002) with special recommendation for the European region. This situation is highly demanding both for the science of psychology and for European psychologists. This article introduces a set of research programs - linked with the three priority directions of the MIPAA - as examples of how psychology is one of the disciplines calling for improved quality of life and well-being in old age and, therefore, GeroPsychology as an applied field should be consolidated in the next decades.

scholarly journals Why Co-operatives?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Mukherjee ◽  
Manoranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nobel Peace Prize ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income

In 2006, Muhammed Yunus and the Grameen Bank received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts through micro-credit to create economic and social development. Muhammed Yunus received the prize not in the field of economics because only sustainable development of the proletariat and the marginalised sections of society can bring peace. More than 80% of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening. The poorest 40% of the world’s population accounts for 5% of global income, while the richest 20% accounts for three quarters of world income. According to the World Bank (WB), the proportion of people in the developing world living on less than $1.25 a day was 20.5% in 2010, down from 43.1% in 1990 and 52.2% in 1981 (in 2005 prices). That is 1.22 billion people lived on less than $1.25 a day in 2010 compared with 0.91 billion in 1990 and 1.94 billion in 1981. In this paper an attempt is made to explain the relevance of Marxism and the need for the co-operative movement to assist in providing a means for social well-being of the downtrodden classes of people. Keywords: Economy and social development, sustainable development, Marxism

scholarly journals The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Shelton H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of the World Bank policy on indigenous people. In 1982, the World Bank issued a brief operational policy statement which outlined procedures for protecting the rights of so-called “tribal people” in Bank-financed development projects. Experience has shown, the World Bank directive stated, “that, unless special measures are adopted, tribal people are more likely to be harmed than helped by development projects that are intended for beneficiaries other than themselves. Therefore, whenever tribal peoples may be affected, the design of projects should include measures or components necessary to safeguard their interests, and, whenever feasible, to enhance their well-being.” This protectionist approach emerged from the Bank’s experiences primarily in Latin America where there are well-rooted historical and legal antecedents. Over time, however, the Bank’s approach has evolved to reflect the diversity of indigenous cultures, with more of an emphasis on informed engagement and expanding access to benefits from development rather than on protection alone.

Excerpts from Joseph Stiglitz's Speech to the World Bank, April 1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Scher ◽  
Phineas Baxandall ◽  
Jean McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The Journal has published several articles critical of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. These articles have shown the damage caused by the neoliberal policies advocated by these agencies to the health and quality of life of the people in countries where such policies are carried out. Published here are excerpts of a speech given by Joseph Stiglitz, senior economist of the World Bank, in which he finally recognizes the damage these policies have caused in Russia, where life expectancy has fallen quite dramatically during the years of neoliberal reform. The question triggered by his speech is why the World Bank continues its neoliberal policies.

scholarly journals Contemporary Female Entrepreneurship in Nicaragua

AD-minister ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Michael J Pisani
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Women are important entrepreneurial actors within the Nicaraguan economic ecosystem. Majority fe-male-owned firms comprise 32.7% of all urban Nicaraguan formal enterprises; these ownership rates far exceed the regional (21.8%) or global averages (14.5%). Within Nicaragua, self-employment rates for women (43.3%) surpass that of men (28.3%). This article describes the contemporary Nicaraguan entrepreneurial landscape for female-owned enterprises using the 2016 Nicaraguan Enterprise Survey of 333 formal sector urban-based firms conducted by the World Bank. Principal multivariate results include the concentration of female top management with majority female-ownership, the role of the informal sector in spawning formal female enterprises, and size constraints of female-owned enterprises.

scholarly journals A Review on the Country Health System, Its Challenges and the Corrective Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ebrahim ◽  
Amir Ashkan Nasiripour
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
The World

Health systems have played an important role in improving the lives and increasing life expectancy throughout the twentieth century. However, there are large gaps between potential power of of health systems and its current performance. There are many differences in the achievements of countries with similar resources and facilities and this indicate that many that reforminghealth this system to continue being responsive to the needs of the community is an absolute necessity. Nearly two decades, some efforts have been done to reform the health system and over the years many ups and downshas been seen.However, reform of health system in Iran is not supported bypolitical sector sufficientely and in term of financial resources relies on financial and technical assistance of “WHO” and a small part of the second loan the World Bank. With regard to the implementation of the reform plan of health system, its role in reaching the goals of the Fifth Development Plan had been implemented since the beginning of 2015. The purpose of this report is to analyze the challenges facing overall health system in Iran and provide proposed solutions in the field.

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