scholarly journals Ecologically Safe Architecture of Agrolandscape Is Basis for Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Kotlyarova ◽  
Vladimir I. Cherniavskih ◽  
Elena V. Dumacheva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Biological Capacity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Central Chernozem ◽  
Landscape Basis

<p>Worldwide, about 12x10<sup>6</sup> ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned annually due to soil erosion. This problem is very serious for Krasnogvardeiskiy district, which is most eroded district (72.7% eroded lands) in the Central Chernozem Zone (CCZ) of Russia. Under the leadership of the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences O.G. Kotlyarova the landscape agricultural systems (LASs) were mastered throughout the Krasnogvardeisky district (132 thousand ha). Our investigations showed that the purpose for which LASs were created is reached. Obtained results showed that it is possible to prevent erosive losses and to raise soil fertility. Restoration of soil fertility is presented in terms of increasing of crops productivity-on 25%. Transformation of a landscape basis has increased the general biological capacity of territory more than twice and exchangeable biological capacity by 32%. All these facts have raised assimilability of the transformed territory that allows to consider it, unlike traditional, not as source ??<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere, and as fixed carbon tank which capacity can reach 0,71 t/ha. In turn the intensification of substances circulation leads to increasing of plant production efficiency. Excess is from 14% (productivity of labour expenses) to 43.2% (use efficiency of PAR). In intensively mastered agricultural district (arable lands more than 80%) agroecosystems have been formed, allowing besides its basic function: soil preservation, steady reception of agricultural production, to carry out also the major biospheric function - increasing biological variety, creation of a favorable inhabitancy for live organisms, including human.</p>

Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Yingjie Hu ◽  
Xiangbin Kong ◽  
Yuzhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding system

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
František Střeleček ◽  
Jana Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Cow Performance

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding systemWe investigated the profitability of dairy farms in relation to the type of feeding system (seasonal pasture vs. permanent housing). An economic analysis was carried out of data on the structure and financial health of 50 farms in 2007 using questionnaires filled in by the farmers. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reveal causal relationships between a number of characteristics of the farms. The two axis of PCA explained 40.48% and 16.13% of the variability among the selected farm characteristics. Profitability related more to the number of subsidies, the area of arable land, the number of livestock and to the milk and plant production than to the area of meadows and pastures. Although a better cow performance was achieved on farms with confined herds, the profit per agricultural area and profit rate did not differ significantly between the two feeding strategies (P>0.05). The profit was 3,259 and 3,655 CZK/ha on average and the profit rate 7.9% and 5.6% on average on farms with pastured herds and on farms with confined herds, respectively. A lowering of input costs and a more effective utilisation of grasslands may further enhance profitability.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Control of Substrate Water Availability Using Soil Sensors and Effects of Water Deficit on the Morphology and Physiology of Potted Hebe andersonii

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Daniel Bañón ◽  
Beatriz Lorente ◽  
Sebastián Bañón ◽  
María Fernanda Ortuño ◽  
María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Soil Sensors ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Substrate Moisture

Many plant producers tend to overwater crops to prevent water stress and salt-induced damage. These practices waste irrigation water and cause leaching that harms the environment and increases production costs. In order to optimize water consumption and minimize the environmental impact of plant production, this study aimed to determine the physiological and morphological responses of Hebe andersonii to three substrate volumetric water contents (49%, 39%, and 32%). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with an irrigation protocol that consisted of adding small volumes of water to avoid leaching while monitoring substrate moisture with dielectric soil sensors. The results showed that moderately low substrate moisture improved the water-use efficiency, while growth was significantly reduced under more severe water deficit conditions (but without leaf chlorosis or abscission). The photosynthetic activity of Hebe was primarily controlled by the stomatal aperture, which was co-determined by the substrate moisture and seasonal temperature. Hebe leaves promoted non-photochemical quenching when carbon assimilation was limited by a water deficit, and accumulated solutes through an osmotic adjustment process (especially Cl−, Na+, and K+) to maintain their water status. Overall, Hebe andersoni cv. Variegata could successfully grow and improve its water-use efficiency in low substrate moisture and under a non-draining irrigation regime.

scholarly journals Reduced Leaching Fractions Improve Irrigation Use Efficiency and Nutrient Efficacy

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Tyler ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
N Losses ◽  
P Content ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Abstract An experiment with two leaching fractions (LF = volume of water leached ÷ volume of water applied) and two fertilizer rates was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced irrigation volume in combination with reduced fertility on irrigation use efficiency, nutrient efficacy (retention), and plant growth. Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. ‘Skogholm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (#1) containers in a pine bark: sand substrate (8:1 by vol). Osmocote 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7) was topdressed at 3.5 g N or 1.75 g N per container at treatment initiation. The experiment, a RCBD with four replications was conducted for 100 days on a container-grown plant production area subdivided into 16 separate plots that allowed for the collection of all irrigation water leaving each plot. Twenty containers were placed in each plot. Irrigation water was applied daily to attain either a high LF of 0.4 to 0.6 or a low LF of 0.0 to 0.2. Irrigation water was applied in two cycles with a two hour rest interval between each application via pressure compensated spray stakes at a rate of 200 ml/min (0.28 in/min). Volume of effluent from each plot was measured daily and analyzed for NO3, NH4, and P. Low LF decreased irrigation volume and effluent volume by 44% and 63%, respectively, compared to high LF. Irrigation use efficiency [total plant dry weight (volume applied-volume leached)] by plants irrigated with low LF was 29% greater than high LF. Compared to high LF, low LF decreased cumulative NO3 and NH4 contents in effluent by 66% and 62%, respectively, for containers fertilized with 3.5 g N. Low LF also reduced cumulative P content in the effluent by 57% compared to high LF. Shoot and total plant dry weights produced with low LF were reduced 8% and 10%, respectively, compared to plants grown with high LF. Root dry weight was not effected by LF. Shoot, root, and total plant dry weights with 1.75 g N were reduced by 26%, 26%, and 28%, respectively compared to 3.5 g N. Nitrogen efficiency was higher when plants were fertilized with 3.5 g N regardless of LF. To maximize N absorption and minimize N losses requires a combination of maintaining an adequate N supply which is this study was 3.5 g N per 3.8 liter container in combination with a low LF.

scholarly journals Basic principles of reclaimed agricultural landscapes sustainability formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Purpose: to establish the basic principles of the organization of reclamed agricultural landscapes and to substantiate the use of the agricultural landscape approach in the organization of the territory. Materials and Methods. When preparing this article, the materials of Russian scientists dealing with the issues of soil fertility conservation and ecological sustainability of reclaimed agricultural landscapes were considered. The methods used were analysis, generalization, synthesis and other methods of working with literary sources on this issue. Results. In performing the work, the main principles and indicators were determined, such as productivity, sustainability, the rule of transforming measures for the natural environment, optimization of the agricultural landscape, authenticity, principles of the formation of reclaimed agricultural landscapes, the complexity of the reclamation impact, the required diversity, the uniqueness of the reclamation impact. The basic requirements for the preservation of soil fertility of reclaimed irrigated agricultural landscape have been established. It was found that to maintain ecological balance within the irrigated agricultural landscape, it is necessary to adhere to the indicators of the reclamation load of the natural environment. The limits of agricultural lands saturation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes for various agro-climatic zones have been substantiated and recommended. Conclusions. It has been determined that the coefficient of reclamation loading of irrigated lands, showing the maximum share of irrigated lands that can be irrigated in a particular climatic zone, varies from 0.3 in the forest-steppe zone to 0.60–0.85 in the semi-desert and desert zone. This suggests that with an increase in moisture supply, this indicator decreases, the recommended amount of agricultural land in various agroclimatic zones varies from 30 to 87 %, while the area of arable land should not exceed 20–25 % in a very dry zone, and with an increase in moisture supply, it can increase up to 80 % in the semi-arid zone. The amount of irrigated land in the reclaimed agricultural landscape should not exceed 18–20 %. Irrigated meadows and pastures should account for 1–2 to 5–6 % of the area.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Zitian Zhang ◽  
Michel Rod ◽  
Farah Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Population

Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.

Input Use Efficiency for Improving Soil Fertility and Productivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-333
Author(s):  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Jagamohan Nayak ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Hirak Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Use Efficiency
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