scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Moringa Production: A case Study in Wolaita and Gamo Zones, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Alula Tafesse ◽  
Degye Goshu ◽  
Fekadu Gelaw ◽  
Alelign Ademe
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Significant Factors

Moringa has been becoming among vastly growing and trading commodities in different parts of Ethiopia for its multiple benefits. However, empirical researches analyzing its productivity at smallholder farmer level were missing. This study aimed to fill the existing gap with a cross-sectional survey study on sampled 117 Moringa producer farmers from southern Ethiopia. The Stochastic Frontier Model was used to estimate the level and factors determining the technical efficiency of Moringa production. The collected data fitted Cobb-Douglas production function with inputs, labor and the numbers of trees positively and significantly determined the output of Moringa. An estimated level of efficiency shows farmers have the possibility to increase Moringa output by 47.81% with existing inputs and technology. The land, off-farm activities, access to road, credit, and irrigation were significant factors affecting the technical efficiency of Moringa. It requires policies and development actions to perform on mechanisms to advance the production of Moringa. Hence, any development direction to enhance Moringa production should consider households with limited access to land and irrigation. Furthermore, the development of road infrastructure is required to increase agricultural productivity. In sum, modern credit institutions, as well as facilities, found essential to improve the livelihood of Moringa producers in the area.

scholarly journals Footwear suitability in Turkish preschool-aged children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Yurt ◽  
Gul Sener ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Foot Development ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Background: Unsuitable footwear worn in childhood may cause some foot problems by interfering normal development of foot. Objectives: To compare footwear suitability rate of indoor and outdoor footwear at all points in preschool children and investigate factors which could affect footwear suitability. Study design: A cross-sectional survey study. Methods: A total of 1000 healthy preschool children (4–6 years old) participated in this study. Indoor and outdoor footwear of children were evaluated through Turkish version of Footwear Assessment Score. Effect of factors like age, sex, number of siblings, educational and occupational situation of parents, and behavior of school management about selecting footwear was investigated. Results: Children got better footwear score for outdoor than indoor ones (p < 0.001). Boys got statistically better footwear score for both indoor and outdoor ones than girls (p < 0.001). Also significant difference in footwear score was found in favor of children who were going to schools that gave guidance about selecting footwear for both indoor and outdoor in comparison to children going to other schools (p < 0.001). Conclusions: For healthy foot development, parents need an education about suitable footwear for their children. Performing education programs and investigation of their effect with comprehensive follow-up studies in future is essential. Clinical relevance This study reflects footwear habits of Turkish preschool children and factors affecting this issue. Results may give way to education programs about suitable footwear worn in childhood for healthy foot development.

The Effects of Improved Cassava Variety Adoption on Farmers’ Technical Efficiency in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Syafrial ◽  
Hery Toiba ◽  
Moh Shadiqur Rahman ◽  
Dwi Retnoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The Impact

The adoption of technological innovations, such as an improved variety, has been widely promoted worldwide to improve agricultural productivity. This study aimed to examine factors affecting farmers’ decision to adopt a new improved cassava varieties (NICV), and to estimate the effects of NICV adoption on farmers’ technical efficiency. This research used cross-sectional data from 300 cassava farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by probit regression to examine factors affecting farmers’ decision to adopt NICV. Propensity score matching (PSM) procedures and stochastic frontier analysis were applied to evaluate the impact of NICV adoption on farmers’ technical efficiency. The results indicated that adoption was highly influenced by cooperative membership, access to credit, internet access, certified land, and off-farm work. The stochastic frontier analysis, by controlling the matched sample using PSM procedures, demonstrated that NICV adoption positively and significantly impacted farmers’ technical efficiency. Those who adopted NICV showed a higher technical efficiency level than those who did not. This finding implies that improved varieties could be further promoted to increase productivity. The research suggests that there is a need to improve NICV adoption to increase the levels of technical efficiency and productivity.

scholarly journals The use of behaviour management techniques amongst paediatric dentists working in the Arabian region: a cross-sectional survey study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nazzal ◽  
O. I. El Shahawy ◽  
S. Al-Jundi ◽  
I. Hussein ◽  
J. F. Tahmassebi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Management Techniques

Abstract Purpose The purposes of this study were to investigate paediatric dental practitioners’ training and confidence in using dental behaviour management techniques in the Arabian region and to assess the factors influencing the application of advanced behaviour management techniques. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to paediatric dental practitioners in the Arabian region. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi Square. Results A total of 113 responses were obtained. Of these, the majority were from Egypt (45%, n = 51). Just over half of the respondents were registered as specialists at the country where they were practicing paediatric dentistry (53%, n = 60). The use of behaviour management techniques varied amongst participants with tell-show-do (95%, n = 107) and positive reinforcement (89%, n = 101) being the most routinely used techniques. The majority of participants reported using voice control (83%) and parental separation (68%) techniques. Hand over mouth exercise (HOME) was only used by 24% (n = 27) of participants, whilst just over half of the participants, 53%, reported using protective stabilisation. A significant association was shown between country of practice, country of obtaining paediatric dental training, speciality status and the use of advanced behaviour management techniques, whilst confidence in using HOME and sedation were associated with work setting and country of practice, respectively. Conclusion The use of advanced behaviour management techniques was found to be high amongst respondents in the Arabian region. The lack of training in using these techniques, however, is of concern. Further assessment of the factors affecting the use of and confidence in applying advanced behaviour management techniques in the Arabian region is needed.

Determinants of technical efficiency of potato farmers and effects of constraints on potato production in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-709
Author(s):  
Adino Andaregie ◽  
Tessema Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractTo improve the national average yield of potato in Ethiopia, which is very low as compared to its potential, factors that influence technical efficiency of potato production need to be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of technical efficiency using a cross-sectional data collected from 368 randomly selected potato producers in Northern Ethiopia using a multi-stage sampling technique. The study employed Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier model to get farm-level technical efficiency scores. Tobit model and principal component analysis were used to determine the factors that influence technical efficiency of farm households. The results revealed that chemical fertiliser, seed potato, plot size and labour are statistically significant factors that affect potato yield. The average technical efficiency score was estimated to be 75%; and education, experience, off-farm income, household size, membership in a farmers’ association, use of irrigation water, extension contact, use of improved seed, access to product market and weak coordination of stakeholders’ were significant factors influencing technical efficiency. The findings of the study suggest that there is a need for government intervention to create strong market linkage between producers and buyers and to give appropriate training to agricultural extension agents.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE USE OF CIGARETTE, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG IN STUDENTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Robab Rahmati ◽  
Azita Amirfakhraei ◽  
Eshrat Karemafshar
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Population

Purpose: Increasing the use of cigarettes, drug and alcohol in adolescents have nowadays become a serious challenge in communities. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol and factors affecting adolescents. Methodology: The research method was a cross-sectional survey study. The research population included all of the second-grade high school students in the Tehran province cities. Using random cluster sampling method, 448 of them were selected and responded to the test questions.  Result: The research results showed that boys used hubble-bubble (0.88), alcohol (0.51), cigarette (0.39), psychotropic pills (21) and girls used hubble-bubble (0.79), alcohol (0.29), and psychotropic pills (0.28) and cigarettes (0.17). The rate of using all drugs was higher in boys than that of girls. The use of hubble-bubble and alcohol had the highest rate and the use of heavier drugs was less prevalent. However, as the use of lighter drugs predisposed one person to use other drugs, taking preventive measures in schools and at an early age was essential. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Investigating the Use of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Drug in Students and Factors Affecting it is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals The Intention and Influence Factors of Nurses’ Participation in Telenursing

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Mei-Ying Chang ◽  
Fang-Li Kuo ◽  
Ting-Ru Lin ◽  
Chin-Ching Li ◽  
Tso-Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intention To Participate ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

This study aimed to identify factors that significantly affect the behavioral intention of nursing staff to practice telenursing, applying the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) as the research framework. This cross-sectional survey study collected data from a valid sample of 203 responses from nurses from a regional hospital in Taipei City, Taiwan. The results of data analysis showed that nursing staff’s attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward telenursing correlated positively with behavioral intention to participate in telenursing. Decomposing the main concepts identified two significant predictive determinants that influence nurses’ behavioral intentions: (a) facilitating conditions (β = 0.394, t = 5.817, p = 0.000 < 0.001) and (b) supervisor influence (β= 0.232, t = 3.431, p = 0.001 < 0.01), which together explain 28.6% of the variance for behavioral intention. The results of this study indicated that support and encouragement from nursing supervisors are important factors affecting nurses’ intention to practice telenursing. Education and training, health policies advocacy and the provision of adequate facilitating technologies and recourses are important factors for improving intention to practice telenursing.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Row Planting and Broadcasting Methods: Empirical Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefa Ayele Anaye ◽  
Kassa Tarekegn Erkalo
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Government

Abstract Introduction Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa and wheat is one of the major staple food crops in many parts of the country. However, due to technical and socioeconomic factors the productivity of wheat is below the estimated potential. As a result of this the country remains a net importer of wheat. To improve this problem, row planting of wheat with improved level of efficiency becomes more crucial. This study was aimed to measure technical efficiency, yield gap due to inefficiency and identify the factors that influence the efficiency levels of wheat producers’ row planting and broadcasting methods in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. Cross sectional data from 203 farmers from both row planting and broadcasting methods were selected using multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using stochastic frontier Cobb–Douglas production. Results and Conclusions Descriptive results indicated that the average wheat output in row planting (3250 kg/ha) was 1360 kg/ha higher than in broadcasting (1890 kg/ha). The estimated results of the Cobb-Douglas frontier model shows that the mean technical efficiency was 83.4% and 57.8% under row planting and broadcasting respectively. About 646.882 kg/ha under row planting and 1393.038 kg/ha under broadcasting of wheat output was lost due to inefficiency. This reveals that under the existing practices there is a room to increase wheat yield more under broadcasting (42.2%) than row planting (16.6%) following the best-practiced farms in the study area. The SPF model indicates that NPS, urea, labor and seed, are significant determinants of wheat production level in both methods. The estimated SPF model together with the inefficiency parameters shows that education, age, fertility status of the plot, family size and extension contact negatively and significantly affected technical inefficiency whereas land fragmentation positively and significantly affected technical inefficiency of wheat farmers. Hence, emphasis should be given to improve the efficiency level of those less efficient farmers by adopting the practices of relatively efficient farmers in the area. Beside this, policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards the above mentioned determinants.

scholarly journals Technical efficiency and management factors in plantain production in humid forest zone of Nigeria: A simulation analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
DO Awotide ◽  
MAY Rahji ◽  
AO Adejobi ◽  
AS Bamire
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Humid Forest Zone ◽  
Management Factors

The paper investigated the effect of changing some management factors on technical efficiency in plantain production with a view to understanding the functional relationship between technical efficiency and agricultural productivity. Data were r collected from a cross-sectional survey of two local government areas and six villages in Ibadan area of Oyo State in the humid forest zone of Nigeria. Stochastic frontier and multiple regression models were fitted and a simulation analysis was carried out on the management levels of plantain farmers. The results revealed that educational level alone did not significantly influence technical efficiency but its combination with extension assistance significantly influenced technical efficiency in the study area. Periodic extension assistance received significantly influenced technical efficiency. 

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